CN103915685A - Small-size and wide-bandwidth four-unit MIMO antenna based on printed circuit board - Google Patents
Small-size and wide-bandwidth four-unit MIMO antenna based on printed circuit board Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A small-size and wide-bandwidth four-unit MIMO antenna based on a printed circuit board comprises a substrate, four two-arm common ground type dipole units, four tooth-shaped ground bracket structures and four microstrip type feeder lines. A microstrip circuit is used for feeding, and ground tooth-shaped branch knots are introduced, so that matching of antenna radiating units and cross coupling between radiating units are improved. Fifty-one percent of bandwidth coverage (2.30 GHz - 3.80 GHz) is achieved, cross coupling between the radiating units in a full band is smaller than -10 dB, by the aid of the reflection effect of the tooth-shaped branch knots, the radiation directional patterns of the antenna radiating units have directional operating characteristics, the relevancy of the directional patterns of the radiating units is effectively reduced, and the space diversity gain of the antenna is improved. The small-size and wide-bandwidth four-unit MIMO antenna based on the printed circuit board is small in size, wide in bandwidth, low in cost on the basis of a traditional printed circuit board process, and capable of being well applied to small-sized broadband wireless communication equipment using an MIMO technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technical field, particularly a kind of four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB).
Background technology
In recent years, wireless access technology has obtained fast development, and abundant Internet resources have proposed new requirement to the bandwidth of wireless access technology.Due to the restriction of frequency spectrum planning and the extensive existence of rich multipath access environment, how under existing frequency resource and time resource, to improve the capacity of channel, become the focus of research.Under this background, MIMO technology is arisen at the historic moment, it has proposed to utilize the concept of spatial domain resource on existing frequency-domain and time-domain resource, utilize multiple transmission/reception antennas of transmitter and receiver, in space, in especially rich multi-path environment, form multiple effective transmission channels, thereby under the prerequisite of the frequency-domain and time-domain resource outside occupying volume not, increase exponentially the speed of radio communication.Have benefited from its excellent performance, MIMO technology widespread deployment in the wireless communication technique such as 3G, 4G, and many emerging wireless access technologys, as 802.11 standards and WiMax standard etc., are also listed MIMO technology wherein in.
The validity of considering mimo system largely depends on the radio channel characteristic in space, and the design of MIMO antenna plays vital effect to the performance of mimo system.The evaluation criterion of MIMO antenna mainly comprises size, the unit number of MIMO antenna, bandwidth, mutual coupling, gain, pattern characteristics etc.Traditional MIMO antenna meets the tendency in environment such as radio communication base stations more, and its physical size is not limited, therefore, can adopt various ways to expand bandwidth, increases gain, reduces mutual coupling between antenna element, improves the performance of MIMO antenna.But, along with MIMO technology be progressively applied to 802.11 and WiMax wireless terminal on, its miniaturization, broadband trend, has higher requirement to the design of MIMO antenna.On the one hand, people wish in these terminals, to use more antenna element, to improve the diversity gain of system, on the other hand, people wish again in limited equipment volume, obtain wider bandwidth and lower channel relevancy, to improve the performance of mimo system.Consider the restriction mutually in Antenna Design of these characteristics, this disappears, and that is long, how at low-cross coupling, under the low relevant prerequisite of antenna pattern, realizes the miniaturization of antenna, broadband, becomes a new challenge in mimo system design and Antenna Design field.
For more antenna element under arranging in limited space, the size of antenna radiation unit must be carried out miniaturization, and conventional technology comprises that the material of use high dielectric constant is as base material, or antenna element is used to fold line, the means such as folding line.But the former fabrication processing complexity, higher being unfavorable for of cost popularized, and the latter can bring loss to antenna gain and efficiency, can produce negative effect to the bandwidth of antenna element simultaneously.Aspect bandwidth expansion, common implementation has merging mode of resonance, introduces super material, and adopts ultra broadband unit etc.But the size that these modes generally need to be comparable with wavelength realizes, comparatively difficulty of application in the MIMO of small-sized many radiating elements antenna.It should be noted that the coupling between performance and the antenna radiation unit of mimo system is closely related, MIMO antenna miniaturization and broadband meeting further improve the coupling between antenna radiation unit.Traditional decoupling zero mode, as adopted Decoupling network, or introduces the mode of chokes branch, choke groove, processes often for a frequency, is difficult to application under wide bandwidth.If there is the unit of orthogonal modes as the radiating element of antenna and adopt, as the combination of slot antenna and monopole antenna, although can obtain comparatively ideal mutual coupling characteristic, can cause the radiation characteristic of antenna inconsistent, directional diagram and gain characteristic are undesirable.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB), this antenna is square structure, adopted there is broadband radiation characteristic both arms altogether the dipole of type as radiating element, four radiating elements are being arranged on printed circuit board (PCB) of 90 degree Rotational Symmetry formulas, and carry out feed by microstrip line, because four radiating elements are for designing altogether, under small size, realize the matched well of low frequency, simultaneously, the both arms altogether design of type dipole have effectively avoided uneven (microstrip line) to arrive required conversion in balance (dipole), further reduce the required size of antenna.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
Substrate 1 is double-sided printed-circuit board;
Be engraved in the metal ground 5 of the disc-shaped of substrate 1 reverse side 12 cores;
Be engraved in substrate 1 reverse side 12 and be connected to rotational symmetric four both arms doublet unit 2 of type altogether on metal ground 5;
Be engraved in substrate 1 reverse side 12 and be connected to rotational symmetric four the profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 on metal ground 5, each doublet unit 2 is spaced apart with each profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3;
Be engraved in four microstrip type feed lines 4 on the front 11 of substrate 1 metal material, microstrip type feed line 4 is corresponding in vertical direction with doublet unit 2, and on substrate 1, have four exhausting holes 6 for connecting the two, have four feed through holes 7 for connecting microstrip type feed line 4 and peripheral feeder cable simultaneously in the centre of substrate 1, so that proper radiofrequency signal is by after feed through hole 7 feed-in microstrip type feed lines 4, the gap striding across along microstrip type feed line 4 between the both arms of doublet unit 2 arrives through hole 6, and encourage radiation current on the both arms of doublet unit 2, form radiation.
Adopt this design to carry out feed, can ensure the balance of electric current on doublet unit 2, and without extra imbalance to balance transformational structure; Meanwhile, input impedance also can be regulated by the live width line length of microstrip type feed line 4.
Described four doublet units 2, four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 and four microstrip type feed lines 4 are all 90 degree Rotational Symmetries.
Described four doublet units 2 point to respectively 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree; Four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 are pointed to respectively 45 degree, 135 degree, 225 degree and 315 degree.Now, the antenna pattern that four doublet units 2 produce points to respectively 0 degree, 90 degree, and 180 degree and 270 are spent.
Described substrate 1 is square, each doublet unit 2 is made up of two consistent L shaped metal arms of specification, every strip metal arm is all connected with metal ground 5, and has center slot between two metal arms on connection metal ground 5, and two metal arms of doublet unit 2 are about this center slot symmetry.
Described profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 is the banded structure with an oblong openings, and outwardly, the other end is connected with metal ground 5 in opening one end of banded structure.
3 triple roles of profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure: the first, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 has been expanded the size on metal ground 5, has improved the matching properties of the low frequency of antenna; The second, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 has hindered the coupled component deriving from space, and can control the coupled component deriving from metal ground 5, thereby reaches the effect that reduces the mutual coupling between unit; The 3rd, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 has played certain reflex to galactic cosmic rays, make both arms altogether the antenna pattern of the doublet unit 2 of type present directed feature.
In specific implementation process, every size of substrate 1, doublet unit 2, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3, microstrip type feed line 4, comprise that thickness, dielectric constant, live width, line length, the facewidth, tooth length, position can regulate flexibly, these parameters are by the elimination being coupled between the coupling for antenna impedance and antenna element.Be optimized after design, this antenna will present small size, the operating characteristic of wide bandwidth and directed radiation.
Compared with prior art, antenna of the present invention adopted there is broadband radiation characteristic both arms altogether type dipole as radiating element, and adopt micro-band to carry out feed, on antenna structure, four antenna radiation units of this MIMO antenna are that Rotational Symmetry formula distributes, and taking a unit as reference, four unit point to respectively 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree.In order to alleviate the strong mutual coupling being brought by compact arrangement radiating element, the present invention has stretched out profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches in the ground between two unit.These twelve Earthly Branches have effectively hindered the Space Coupling between adjacent radiation unit on the one hand, on the other hand, have increased the size on antenna metal ground, have improved the matching properties of antenna.And tooth-shape structure on twelve Earthly Branches effectively suppresses the coupling from antenna metal ground, and further improve the coupling of antenna at HFS.Simultaneously, this twelve Earthly Branches structure has played the effect of reflection to the radiation field in space, the antenna pattern of antenna element is alignment features at whole working frequency range, and wave beam has rotational symmetry, effectively improve the space diversity gain of antenna, reduce the correlation of directional diagram between radiating element.In an embodiment, the size of this four element antenna is only 0.29 λ × 0.29 λ, and bandwidth covering has reached 2.30GHz-3.80GHz, cover the 2.30-2.36GHz in WiMAX standard, the 2.40-2.48GHz frequency range in tri-frequency bands of 2.50-2.90GHz and 3.30-3.80GHz and 802.11 standards.Meanwhile, the mutual coupling between antenna element is at be less than-10dB of whole bandwidth range, and has low relevant, directed radiation characteristic.This design size is small and exquisite, simple in structure, is with widely, and cost is low, can well be integrated in the micro radio communication equipment that uses MIMO technology.In manufacture craft, the present invention has adopted traditional double-sided printed-circuit board technique, cheap.Can well be applied to demand small size, the MIMO terminal equipment of wide bandwidth.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is two-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention, comprising (a) front, and (b) side and (c) visual angle, the back side.
Fig. 3 is one embodiment of the present of invention, comprising (a) front, and (b) side and (c) the concrete size at visual angle, the back side.This specific embodiment is applied to the WiMAX that adopts MIMO technology, 802.11 radio reception devices.
Fig. 4 is (a) S parameter of this Antenna Design under this specific embodiment and (b-e) pattern characteristics of four frequencies.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of four unit MIMO antennas based on printed circuit board (PCB), there is small size, the good characteristics such as wide bandwidth and directed radiation.According to design signal, in execution mode, provide one and covered WiMAX standard volume three (2.30-2.36GHz frequently, 2.50-2.90GHz and 3.30-3.80GHz) and and the specific design example of single-frequency (2.40-2.48GHz) the wireless access MIMO antenna of 802.11 standards, be explained below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Consult Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the substrate 1 of this MIMO antenna based on double-sided printed-circuit board technique, its front 11 is metal material, be carved with four and be the rotational symmetric microstrip type feed line 4 of 90 degree, reverse side 12 cores are carved with the metal ground 5 of disc-shaped, four both arms doublet unit 2 and four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 of type altogether.Four doublet units 2 and four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 are all 90 degree Rotational Symmetries, and are all connected on metal ground 5, and each doublet unit 2 is spaced apart with each profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3.In substrate 1, adopt the via process of printed circuit board (PCB), reserved four exhausting holes 6 for connecting microstrip type feed line 4 and doublet unit 2, and for connecting four feed through holes 7 of microstrip type feed line 4 and peripheral feeder cable.Through hole 6 is positioned at the edge of substrate 1, connects the far-end of microstrip type feed line 4 and the far-end of doublet unit 2, and feed through hole 7 is positioned at the centre of substrate 1, connects the near-end of microstrip type feed line 4 and the near-end of doublet unit 2.Each doublet unit 2 is made up of two consistent L shaped metal arms of specification, every strip metal arm is all connected on metal ground 5, this link is " near-end of doublet unit 2 ", and has center slot between two arms on connection metal ground 5, and two metal arms are about this center slot symmetry.By this feed structure, in the time of feed, microwave signal is passed through feed through hole 7 feed-in microstrip type feed lines 4 by coaxial line, stride across the center slot between doublet unit 2 both arms, arrive through hole 6, and encouraged radiation current on two doublet units 2, form radiation.Adopt this design to carry out feed, can ensure the balance of electric current on doublet unit 2, and without extra imbalance to balance transformational structure, reduced the size of antenna.Meanwhile, the impedance matching of input port is undertaken by the live width line length that regulates microstrip type feed line 4, to be applicable to different feed-in impedances.
In design, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 has played crucial effect to the lifting of antenna performance, and this structure is between every two doublet units 2, and profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 is the banded structure with an oblong openings, outwardly, the other end is connected with metal ground 5 in opening one end of banded structure.Profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 has been expanded the size on metal ground 5, has improved the matching properties of doublet unit 2.Meanwhile, the existence of profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3, makes the space between adjacent radiation unit form blocking-up, effectively controls the mutual coupling between radiating element.In addition, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 can form and hinder the spatial of radiation field with metal ground 5, thus make both arms altogether the antenna pattern of the doublet unit 2 of type present directed feature, reduced the correlation between adjacent cells antenna pattern.
Fig. 3 has provided the detailed design of this antenna.Wherein Fig. 3 (a) has provided the relative dimensions parameter of the microstrip type feed line 4 in substrate 1 front 11, unit is millimeter (mm), Fig. 3 (b) has provided the relevant parameter such as thickness and size of substrate 1, Fig. 3 (c) has provided the both arms doublet unit 2 of type altogether on substrate 1 back side 12, disc metal ground 5, and the relative dimensions parameter of four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches 3.Substrate 1 is based on FR-4 medium, electric medium constant 4.4, and loss angle 0.03, overall dimensions is only 38mm × 38mm × 2mm(0.29 λ × 0.29 λ × 0.02 λ).Adopt the S parameter characteristic of the embodiment of this parameter designing to be provided by Fig. 4 (a), can see, (2.30-2.36GHz in three frequency bands of WiMAX standard, 2.50-2.90GHz and 3.30-3.80GHz), and in a frequency band of 802.11 standards (2.40-2.48GHz), the reflection coefficient S of antenna
11<-10dB, with the mutual coupling S of adjacent radiation unit
14and S
12<-10dB, with the mutual coupling S of relative radiating element
13<-15dB.
In addition, this antenna S
11the actual 51%(2.30-3.80GHz that is covered as of <-10dB bandwidth), in band, inter-element mutual coupling closes be less than-10dB, excellent performance.Fig. 4 (b-e) has provided the antenna pattern (directional diagram cross section be electric field magnitude largest face, i.e. E face) of single unit at four different frequent points, and these frequencies are the centre frequency of above-mentioned four frequency ranges.Can see, at each frequency, the directional diagram of radiating element is all directional beam, and average gain is 2.12dBi, and maximum gain is 2.65dBi.Because unit has rotational symmetry, its antenna pattern also has rotational symmetry.With one of them directional diagram as a reference, the pointing direction of four direction figure is respectively 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree, 270 degree.Have benefited from its miniaturization, the characteristic of wide bandwidth, this MIMO antenna is highly suitable for adopting the small sized wide-band radio reception device of MIMO technology.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of four unit MIMO Antenna Designs based on traditional printing circuit board technique.This design by microstrip line to the both arms with broadband radiation characteristic altogether the doublet unit of type carry out feed, and introduce profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure, for improving the coupling of radiating element, the mutual coupling reducing between radiating element is closed, obtain wide bandwidth, the characteristic of low-cross coupling.Meanwhile, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure can reflect the space radiation of field, and the antenna pattern of unit has presented the feature of directed radiation in whole bandwidth of operation.Because the arranging of Unit four of this antenna adopted rotational symmetry structure, the radiation characteristic of each antenna is identical, and wave beam has rotational symmetry.Comprehensive, this Unit four MIMO Antenna Design has been realized wide bandwidth under small size, low-cross coupling, the excellent specific property of directed radiation.
Claims (5)
1. four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB), is characterized in that, comprising:
Substrate (1) is double-sided printed-circuit board;
Be engraved in the metal ground (5) of the disc-shaped of substrate (1) reverse side (12) core;
Be engraved in substrate (1) reverse side (12) and be connected to metal rotational symmetric four both arms doublet unit of type (2) altogether on (5);
Be engraved in substrate (1) reverse side (12) and be connected to metal rotational symmetric four the profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures (3) on (5), each doublet unit (2) is spaced apart with each profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure (3);
Be engraved in four the microstrip type feed lines (4) on the front (11) of substrate (1) metal material, microstrip type feed line (4) is corresponding in vertical direction with doublet unit (2), and on substrate (1), have four exhausting holes (6) for connecting the two, have four the feed through holes (7) for connecting microstrip type feed line (4) and peripheral feeder cable simultaneously in the centre of substrate (1), so that proper radiofrequency signal is by after feed through hole (7) feed-in microstrip type feed line (4), the gap striding across along microstrip type feed line (4) between the both arms of doublet unit (2) arrives through hole (6), and encourage radiation current on the both arms of doublet unit (2), form radiation.
2. four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described four doublet units (2), four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures (3) and four microstrip type feed lines (4) are all 90 degree Rotational Symmetries.
3. four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described four doublet units (2) point to respectively 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree; Four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures (3) are pointed to respectively 45 degree, 135 degree, 225 degree and 315 degree.
4. four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described substrate (1) is square, each doublet unit (2) is made up of two consistent L shaped metal arms of specification, every strip metal arm is all connected with metal ground (5), and between two metal arms on connection metal ground (5), have center slot, two metal arms of doublet unit (2) are about this center slot symmetry.
5. four unit MIMO antennas of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure (3) is the banded structure with an oblong openings, and outwardly, the other end is connected with metal ground (5) in opening one end of banded structure.
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CN106961016A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-18 | 江苏亨鑫科技有限公司 | A kind of polarization and four different unit mimo antennas of directional diagram |
CN112531335A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-19 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Square three-frequency antenna device and communication equipment |
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CN106961016A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-18 | 江苏亨鑫科技有限公司 | A kind of polarization and four different unit mimo antennas of directional diagram |
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