CN103901466B - A kind of 3D seismic data interpolation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to save the 3D seismic data interpolation method of acquisition cost, frequency-space numeric field data is obtained along time orientation conversion, by odd number, even number road geological data is divided into two groups, it is converted into frequency wavenumber domain and obtains odd number trace, even number road wave-number domain data, by odd number trace, even number road wave-number domain data are divided by and are obtained predictive operator, it is multiplied with even frequencies data, and this product is obtained temporal-spatial field interpolation result by inverse fourier transform, current calculating window and previous calculating window are carried out average value processing, linear interpolation or cubic function interpolation processing, complete interpolation.The present invention is relative to two-dimensional frequency-wave-number domain interpolation, and interpolation result has more preferable concordance, and interpolation result lineups are clear, without substantially shake, background nature；Interpolation result is superior to two-dimensional frequency-wave-number domain interpolation on signal with background.

Description

A kind of 3D seismic data interpolation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to geophysical exploration technology, belong in seismic data process for encrypt geological data, Improve space sampling frequency and signal to noise ratio, a kind of 3D seismic data interpolation method of saving acquisition cost.

Background technology

In the gatherer process of geological data, due to the restriction of the objective condition such as construction environment and workload, The earthquake record collected is usually present the problem that some direction upper track spacing is bigger so that spatial sampling Rate wretched insufficiency, can produce migration imaging process etc. and have a strong impact on.Solve this problem the most directly side Spatial sampling interval is reduced by increase survey line quantity when method is to gather in the wild naturally；But it is following Be increasing substantially of acquisition cost, and some work area is due to the restriction of surface condition practically, is difficult to Improve the space sampling frequency of field work.

Seismic trace interpolation value is on the premise of not increasing acquisition cost, subtracts the ideal side of track pitch Method.Frequency-Space Domain Trace Interpolation technology utilizes the predictability of plane wave, in Frequency-Space Domain profit Try to achieve predictive operator with method of least square carry out interpolation by solving Hermite system of linear equations.Frequency- Frequency-Space Domain interpolation technique is developed by wave-number domain Trace Interpolation technology, it is not necessary at Frequency-Space Domain Solving predictive operator, Interpolation Process all completes at frequency wavenumber domain, such that it is able to increase substantially interpolation effect Rate.

Existing frequency wavenumber domain interpolation technique is two-dimensional interpolation, only processes single section during interpolation i.e. every time. During for 3D data volume application two-dimensional interpolation, every time merely with the information on single section, interpolation mistake Journey only accounts for the data variation on single direction, and have ignored the globality of geological data, easily causes Interpolation result is unstable.

Goal of the invention

Interpolation result is stable, lineups are clear, background is the most three-dimensional to it is an object of the invention to provide one Frequency wavenumber domain geological data interpolation method.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is achieved by the steps of:

1) gather 3D seismic data, do between timesharing, spatial window process；

2) in current calculating window, do Fourier transform along time orientation, obtain frequency-space numeric field data, And odd number, even number road geological data are divided into two groups；

3) by step 2) in odd number trace, even number road geological data be converted into frequency wavenumber domain, obtain odd number Road, even number road wave-number domain data；Frequency-space numeric field data is converted into frequency wavenumber domain and obtains even number frequency Rate data；

4) in frequency wavenumber domain, the odd number trace obtained in step 3), even number road wave-number domain data are divided by Obtain predictive operator；

5) predictive operator obtained in step 4) is multiplied with the even frequencies data obtained in step 3), And this product is obtained temporal-spatial field interpolation result by inverse fourier transform；

6) current calculating window and previous calculating window are carried out average value processing, linear interpolation or cubic function Interpolation processing；

7) current calculating window is if most end calculates window and then completes interpolation, exports result；If not most end Calculate window then skip to next calculating window and return step 2) circulation, until most end calculates window.

The present invention has more preferable concordance, interpolation relative to two-dimensional frequency-wave-number domain interpolation, interpolation result Result lineups are clear, without substantially shake, background nature；Interpolation result is superior on signal with background Two-dimensional frequency-wave-number domain interpolation.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1: process chart of the present invention.

Fig. 2: somewhere geological data section (300CMP)

Fig. 3: the present invention is to gained section (300CMP) after this data interpolating.

Fig. 4: two-dimensional frequency-wave-number domain interpolation method is to gained section (800LINE) after this data interpolating.

Fig. 5: the present invention is to gained section (800LINE) after this data interpolating.

Specific embodiments

The present invention implements as follows, according to handling process Fig. 1:

1) step S1, gathers 3D seismic data, is designated as s_mn(t), m=0,1,2 ..., M, n=1,2 ..., N, N represents X-direction line number, and M represents Y-direction number of channels, t express time.

2) step S2, data s step S1 read according to SPATIAL CALCULATION window, Time Calculation window parameter_{M, n}(t) Carry out point window to process, be designated asI, j representation space window respectively, time window numbering.

3) step S3, does Fourier transform along time orientation in current calculating window, obtains frequency-space Numeric field dataF represents frequency；By frequency-space numeric field dataOdd number trace, idol Several is divided into two groups, is designated as respectivelyWith $m=\mathrm{0,1},\·\·\·,\frac{M}{2};$ N=1,2 ..., N.

4) step S4, by odd number trace, even number road geological dataWithBe converted into frequency- Wave-number domain, obtains odd number trace, even number road wave-number domain data, is designated as respectivelyWithBy frequency-space numeric field dataIt is converted into frequency wavenumber domain and obtains frequency Rate-wave-number domain data, are designated asEven number is obtained again along frequency direction interval value Frequency data, are designated ask_x, k_yRepresent X-direction and the wave number of Y-direction respectively.

5) step S5, the odd number trace wave-number domain data that will obtain in step S4Divided by idol Several wave-number domain dataObtain predictive operator, be designated asI.e.

$P_{m,n}^{i,j}(f,k_x,k_y)=S_{2m+1,n}^{i,j,\mathrm{odd}}(f,k_x,k_y)/S_{2m,n}^{i,j,\mathrm{even}}(f,k_x,k_y).$

6) step S6, the predictive operator that will obtain in step S5With step S4 obtains Even frequencies dataIt is multiplied, obtains frequency wavenumber domain interpolation result

$S_{m,n}^{i,j,I}(f,k_x,k_y)=P_{m,n}^{i,j}(f,k_x,k_y)\·S_{m,n}^{i,j}(2f,k_x,k_y);$

Again by frequency wavenumber domain interpolation resultWhen being obtained by inverse fourier transform m- Spatial domain interpolation result, is designated as

7) step S7, calculates window interpolation result to currentAnd previous calculating window interpolation resultLap process, lap result is designated asCan adopt With average value processing, i.e.

$S_{m,n}^{i,j,\mathrm{overlap}}\left(t\right)=(S_{m,n}^{i,j,I}\left(t\right)+S_{m,n}^{i-1,j,I}\left(t\right))/2;$

Linear interpolation, i.e.

$S_{m,n}^{i,j,\mathrm{overlap}}\left(t\right)=\mathrm{\α}\·S_{m,n}^{i,j,I}\left(t\right)+(1-\mathrm{\α})\·S_{m,n}^{i-1,j,I}\left(t\right);$

Or cubic function interpolation, i.e.

$S_{m,n}^{i,j,\mathrm{overlap}}\left(t\right)={\mathrm{\α}}^3\·S_{m,n}^{i,j,I}\left(t\right)+(1-{\mathrm{\α}}^3)\·S_{m,n}^{i-1,j,I}\left(t\right)$

Here α is proportionality coefficient.

8) step S8, current calculating window i-th, j window is if most end calculates window and then completes interpolation, to step S9 exports result；Calculating window if not most end and then skip to next calculating window i+1, j window also returns Return the circulation of step S3, until most end calculates window.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the specific embodiment of the invention.More permissible by Fig. 2, Fig. 3 Finding out, interpolation result of the present invention and initial data have high consistency, and lineups are clear, and background is natural.

Contrasted by Fig. 4, Fig. 5 it can be seen that relative to two-dimensional frequency-wave-number domain interpolation, the present invention inserts Value result has more preferable concordance, and interpolation result lineups are clear, without substantially shake, background nature； Interpolation result of the present invention is superior to two-dimensional frequency-wave-number domain interpolation on signal with background.

Claims (1)

1. a 3D seismic data interpolation method, is achieved by the steps of:

1) gather 3D seismic data, do between timesharing, spatial window process；

2) in current calculating window, do Fourier transform along time orientation, obtain frequency-space numeric field data, And odd number, even number road geological data are divided into two groups；

3) by step 2) in odd number trace, even number road geological data be converted into frequency wavenumber domain, obtain odd number Road, even number road wave-number domain data；Frequency-space numeric field data is converted into frequency wavenumber domain and obtains even number frequency Rate data；

4) by step 3 in frequency wavenumber domain) in the odd number trace that obtains, even number road wave-number domain data be divided by Obtain predictive operator；

5) by step 4) in the predictive operator that obtains and step 3) in the even frequencies data that obtain be multiplied Obtain product, and this product is obtained temporal-spatial field interpolation result by inverse fourier transform；

6) current calculating window and previous calculating window are carried out average value processing, linear interpolation or cubic function Interpolation processing；

7) current calculating window is if most end calculates window and then completes interpolation, exports result；If not most end Calculate window then skip to next calculating window and return step 2) circulation, until most end calculates window.