CN103898863A - Device and method for studying sediment incipient motion under condition of non-submerged rigid plants - Google Patents
Device and method for studying sediment incipient motion under condition of non-submerged rigid plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for studying sediment incipient motion under the condition of non-submerged rigid plants. A water injection zone, a test zone and a water discharging zone are arranged in a second water groove in sequence. A flow stabilizing device is placed between the water injection zone and the test zone. A simulation plant group is placed in the test zone. A sediment groove is formed in the test zone. The simulation plant group is fixed in the sediment groove. Sediment is placed in the sediment groove. Under the condition that the water depth is not changed, water flow is kept at a constant-even state, water injection amount in the water injection zone is gradually increased, when flow speed reaches a certain value, a small number of sediment particles which can be counted move, sediment can penetrate through a plant zone in the water-flow direction, and when continuity is achieved, the mean flow speed of water flow in the zone where the plants are placed is sediment incipient motion flow speed. The device is simple in structure, and testing is convenient. The blank of the study of sediment incipient motion under the condition of the plants at home and abroad is filled, and the standard is provided for construction of scour-prevention and flood-control buildings along both sides of a river.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method of studying sediment incipient motion under non-submersion rigid vegetation condition, belong to environmental hydraulics technical field.
Background technology
Sediment moving incipient velocity refers to that silt moves needed minimum flow rate of water flow under flow action.When silt moves, easily cause the water front of section wash away and then bring river bed change, this safety of flood passage for river course and littoral resident's life, production safety may produce huge potential safety hazard.In dredging waterway process, if select excessive sediment moving incipient velocity as the design considerations of dyke along the river, although have good safety, engineering cost also can significantly increase; On the contrary, if adopt less initial velocity, although construction costs reduces, the reliability of engineering reduces.For this reason, need to consider safety, economic two aspects, accurately define the starting of silt, for dyke construction standard along the river provides reference.
Along with the lifting of Environmental Protection Level in recent years, along the river, the construction of riverine greenbelt proposes new challenge to Sediment transport study.Under plant existence condition, the binary effect between original current, silt develops into the ternary effect between current, plant, silt, makes sediment incipient motion mechanism complicated.And mostly the research of the initial velocity of silt is to concentrate on without on the smooth bed surface of plant in traditional sense, also fail to provide quantitative research report to the initial velocity of silt under plant conditions.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned present Research and limitation thereof, by laboratory experiment analog study, occurrence positions is washed away in analysis, provide a kind of containing the sediment incipient motion under non-submersion plant conditions and experimental facilities and the method for initial velocity, solved problem how to measure the sediment moving incipient velocity under non-submersion plant conditions.
A kind of device of studying sediment incipient motion under non-submersion rigid vegetation condition, comprise the second tank, constant-current stabilizer, simulating plant group, silt, silt groove, in the second tank, be disposed with water filling district, trial zone, catchment, constant-current stabilizer is between water filling district and trial zone, simulating plant group is positioned at trial zone, silt groove is positioned at trial zone, and simulating plant group is fixed in silt groove, and silt is positioned at silt groove.
Preferably: also comprise adjustable tail-gate, catchment has outfall, near the second tank outfall, adjustable tail-gate is installed, by adjusting the size of regulation the second water channel drain amount of adjustable tail-gate.
Preferably: the second tank is varible slope flume, becoming slope device is arranged in water filling district.
Preferably: also comprise the first tank, water inlet pipe, ultrasonic flowmeter, variable frequency pump, gutter, one end of water inlet pipe is arranged in the water of the first tank, the other end of water inlet pipe is positioned at the top that becomes slope device, variable frequency pump, ultrasonic flowmeter are installed on water inlet pipe, gutter one end is connected with outfall, the other end is connected with the first tank, and the water level of the first tank is lower than the water level of the second tank.
Preferably: constant-current stabilizer is par grid.
Preferably: also comprise desilting zone, desilting zone is between trial zone and catchment, and the bottom of gullet of desilting zone is provided with in sand trap.
A test method of studying sediment incipient motion under non-submersion rigid vegetation condition, its step is as follows:
The first step is arranged as required simulating plant in silt groove, and simulating plant is fixed on the bottom surface of silt groove;
Second step, making to fill silt in silt groove;
The 3rd step, slowly water filling in past water filling district, make current remain constant uniform state, and make stable level in the required depth of water position of test, regulate adjustable tail-gate, make in the unit interval, to inject the water yield in water filling district identical with the water yield of discharging catchment in the unit interval, now, the silt of floral region is all in actionless state;
The 4th step, under the constant condition of the depth of water, progressively strengthen the water yield of water filling in past water filling district, regulate and become slope device, adjustable tail-gate, make in the unit interval, to inject the water yield in water filling district identical with the water yield of discharging catchment in the unit interval, in the time that flow velocity reaches certain value, near plant root, form gradually scour hole, when flow velocity increases to certain value, beyond scour hole, occur that a small amount of denumerable sand grain is in motion, and silt can pass through along water (flow) direction in floral region, during with continuation, measure the mean flow rate of current in plant region, be sediment moving incipient velocity.
Preferably: in process of the test, measuring silt severe is
, sediment grain size is
, plant bar footpath is
, plant density is
, the depth of water while measuring sediment incipient motion is
, pass through formula
Determine sediment moving incipient velocity
.
Beneficial effect: this apparatus structure is simple, convenient test.Fill up the blank about sediment incipient motion research under vegetative state both at home and abroad, for the construction of two sides erosion control, flood control constructions along the river provides standard.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of this device.
Fig. 2 is trial zone schematic diagram in tank.
Fig. 3 is simulating plant group schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is simulating plant arrangement diagram.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of single plant.
Fig. 6 is the reasoning flow figure of sediment moving incipient velocity under plant conditions.
Fig. 7 is theoretical formula result of calculation and the assay figure that surveys sediment moving incipient velocity value cooperate degree.
Reference numeral title is as follows: 1, the first tank; 2, water inlet pipe; 3, ultrasonic flowmeter; 4, variable frequency pump; 5, the second tank; 6, become slope device; 7, par grid; 8, simulating plant group; 9, sand trap; 10, adjustable tail-gate; 11, gutter; 12, silt; 13, silt groove; 14, water filling district; 15, trial zone; 16, catchment; 17, desilting zone; 18, baffle plate; 19, outfall.
List of references:
1, " the Changjiang river Study on Incipient Velocity of Sediment Transport " author: Lu Jinyou, in December, 1991, " institute of Changjiang Academy of sciences report " the 8th volume fourth phase;
2, " Study on incipient velocity of sediment " author: He Wenshe, Fang Duo etc., author unit: high speed hydraulics National Key Laboratory of Sichuan University.
The specific embodiment
A kind of device of studying sediment incipient motion under non-submersion rigid vegetation condition comprises: the second tank 5 that 12m is long, 0.42m is wide, 0.7m is high and the first tank 1.
The second tank 5 both sides are the clear glass wall that 0.7m is high, to facilitate the observation to current, silt state.The second tank 5 bottoms are marble slab.In the second tank 5, be disposed with water filling district 14, trial zone 15, desilting zone 17, catchment 16.Water filling device is connected with water filling district 14, by water filling device toward the interior water filling in water filling district 14.The second tank 5 is varible slope flume, becomes slope device 6 and is arranged in water filling district 14, becomes slope device 6 and is positioned at upstream, and the gradient that becomes slope device 6 can regulate.Constant-current stabilizer is between water filling district 14 and trial zone 15, and constant-current stabilizer is par grid 7, and current reach steady fluidised form through par grid, and par grid 7 plays the object of constant current, also can use other known device that makes flow of water constant.Bottom of gullet in trial zone 15 arranges the silt groove 13 of 6 meters long.Be laid in silt groove 13 thering is the plastic plate that is uniformly distributed hole, and simulating plant is inserted on plastic plate and in corresponding hole, simulating plant group 8 is fixed in silt groove 13, finally on plastic plate, the certain thickness sandy soil of uniform fold can be realized simulating plant group 8 layout, that is to say that simulating plant group 8 is positioned at trial zone 15 and makes silt 12 be positioned at silt groove 13.Silt groove 13 is exactly that laterally 18, two baffle plates 18 of two baffle plates of placement are at a distance of 6 meters on fore-and-aft distance in trial zone, and two ends of baffle plate 18 are fixedly connected with the window wall of the second tank 5 both sides respectively.The catchment 16 of the second tank 5 afterbodys has outfall 19, and outfall 19 is positioned on the wall of the second tank 5, and gutter 11 one end are connected with outfall 19, to discharge the water in the second tank 5.On near the second tank 5 outfall 19, adjustable tail-gate 10 is installed, adjustable tail-gate 10 1 sides are arranged on by hinge on the window wall of the second tank 5, adjustable tail-gate 10 can rotate around hinge axis, adjustable tail-gate 10 is between desilting zone 17 and catchment 16, and adjustable tail-gate 10 is steel gate.By adjusting the size of regulation the second tank 5 displacement of adjustable tail-gate 10.Sand trap 9 is set on the bottom of gullet of desilting zone 17, sand trap 9 is positioned at upstream one side of adjustable tail-gate 10, sand trap 9 is rectangular groove, and the top of groove flushes with the marble slab of bottom of gullet, its role is to make the silt starting in current to fall into sand trap 9.When current are after sand trap 9, because silt all sinks in sand trap 9, in current, do not contain silt.
Utilize variable frequency pump 4, adjustable tail-gate 10 and become slope device 6 three's coordinative roles, making the water body in trial zone 15 in the second tank 5 maintain the constant depth of water and flow velocity.
The invention provides a kind of method of studying sediment incipient motion under non-submersion rigid vegetation condition.
The first step is arranged as required simulating plant in silt groove 13, and simulating plant is fixed on the bottom surface of silt groove 13.
Second step, making to fill silt 12 in silt groove 13, identical being advisable of height of silt height and silt groove 13, that is to say preferably identical with the height of baffle plate 18.
The 3rd step, closes adjustable tail-gate 10, to the interior slow injection low discharge water body of the second tank 5 in advance, reaches wetting silt by variable frequency pump 4, slowly the object of lifting water level; After water level reach a certain height, make stable level in the required depth of water position of test.Progressively strengthen the water yield of variable frequency pump 4, and become the gradient of slope device 6 and the aperture of adjustable tail-gate 10 by adjusting, make in the unit interval, to inject the water yield in water filling district 14 identical with the water yield of discharging catchment 16 in the unit interval, and make the depth of water of trial zone 15 in steady state.Now, the silt of floral region is all in actionless state.
The 4th step, constantly repeats to increase flow, under the constant condition of the depth of water, makes current remain constant uniform state.
The 5th step, in the time that flow velocity reaches certain value, near plant root, form gradually scour hole, continue to increase slowly flow velocity, beyond scour hole, occur that a small amount of denumerable sand grain is in motion, and silt can pass through along water (flow) direction in floral region, during with continuation, the current silt discharge that comes into existence, and think close to 0, now keep flow velocity constant, and measure the flow Q of current in plant region, and according to volume flow (Q)=sediment moving incipient velocity (
) × pipeline section long-pending (A) calculates the mean flow rate of section, is sediment moving incipient velocity.
The invention provides the computational methods of sediment moving incipient velocity under another kind of research non-submersion rigid vegetation condition.
Fig. 4 is the flow process of inquiring into Incipient Velocity of Sediment Transport, and specific operation process is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
1,, based on mechanical balance principle, obtain the bed surface velocity formula without sediment incipient motion under plant existence condition
Under plant existence condition, the stressing conditions of silt, comprises the uplift force of current to sand grain
, the drag force of current to silt
, and the subaqueous gravity of silt
, concrete respective value is:
Stress balance formula when associating sediment incipient motion:
Corresponding bed surface velocity formula while setting up sediment incipient motion
2, analyze plant other influences factor to sediment incipient motion while existing, obtain the citation form of the corresponding mean velocity in section of sediment incipient motion under plant conditions
3, according to the distance X of plant horizontal direction between adjacent two plants, the density that Y determines plant
4, determine sediment moving incipient velocity corresponding under different operating modes according to laboratory test simulation system, utilize least square method to determine Incipient Velocity of Sediment Transport concrete form under plant conditions, and give each corresponding practical significance,
Wherein
for silt severe,
for the severe of water,
for the depth of water,
for sediment grain size,
for plant bar footpath,
for plant density; Under the known condition of sediment grain size and plant bar footpath, when measurement, obtain silt severe, depth of water plant density can obtain sediment moving incipient velocity;
5, in conjunction with above-mentioned formula, calculate sediment moving incipient velocity, carry out contrast verification (see figure 5) with measured result.
Specific embodiment
Selecting the uniform sand that particle diameter is 0.58mm is test silt.Design head 9cm, selects rigid rod simulation vegetation, and the bar footpath of rigid rod is 0.6cm, highly surfaces.Adjacent two strain plant lateral separation 4cm, fore-and-aft distance 5cm(
=0.01413), when recording tank flow and being 5.14l/s, silt starts, and now corresponding mean velocity in section is 14.31cm/s.Bring experimental data into formula and calculate initial velocity
.
Claims (8)
1. study the device of sediment incipient motion under non-submersion rigid vegetation condition for one kind, comprise the second tank (5), constant-current stabilizer, simulating plant group (8), in the second tank (5), be disposed with water filling district (14), trial zone (15), catchment (16), constant-current stabilizer is positioned between water filling district (14) and trial zone (15), simulating plant group (8) is positioned at trial zone (15), it is characterized in that: also comprise silt (12), silt groove (13), silt groove (13) is positioned at trial zone (15), simulating plant group (8) is fixed in silt groove (13), silt (12) is positioned at silt groove (13).
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise adjustable tail-gate (10), catchment (16) has outfall (19), on near the second tank (5) outfall (19), adjustable tail-gate (10) is installed, by adjusting the size of regulation the second tank (5) displacement of adjustable tail-gate (10).
3. experimental rig according to claim 2, is characterized in that: also comprise and become slope device (6), the second tank (5) is varible slope flume, becomes slope device (6) and is arranged in water filling district (14).
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: also comprise the first tank (1), water inlet pipe (2), ultrasonic flowmeter (3), variable frequency pump (4), gutter (11), one end of water inlet pipe (2) is arranged in the water of the first tank (1), the other end of water inlet pipe (2) is positioned at the top that becomes slope device (6), variable frequency pump (4) is installed on water inlet pipe (2), ultrasonic flowmeter (3), gutter (11) one end is connected with outfall (19), the other end is connected with the first tank (1), the water level of the first tank (1) is lower than the water level of the second tank (5).
5. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: constant-current stabilizer is par grid (7).
6. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise desilting zone (17), desilting zone (17) are positioned between trial zone (15) and catchment (16), and the bottom of gullet of desilting zone (17) is provided with in sand trap (9).
7. test method according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
The first step is arranged as required simulating plant in silt groove (13), and simulating plant is fixed on the bottom surface of silt groove (13);
Second step, making to fill silt (12) in silt groove (13);
The 3rd step, toward water filling district (14), interior slowly water filling, makes current remain constant uniform state, and makes stable level in the required depth of water position of test, and now, the silt of floral region is all in actionless state;
The 4th step, under the constant condition of the depth of water, progressively strengthen the water yield toward the interior water filling in water filling district (14), regulate and become slope device (6), adjustable tail-gate (10), make in the unit interval, to inject the water yield in water filling district (14) identical with the water yield of discharging catchment (16) in the unit interval, in the time that flow velocity reaches certain value, occur that a small amount of denumerable sand grain is in motion, and silt can pass through along water (flow) direction in floral region, during with continuation, the mean flow rate of measuring current in plant region, is sediment moving incipient velocity.
8. test method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: in process of the test, measuring silt severe is
, sediment grain size is
, plant bar footpath is
, plant density is
, the depth of water while measuring sediment incipient motion is
, pass through formula
Determine sediment moving incipient velocity
.
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| CN106759072A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-05-31 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Take into account the river model drainage system and method for designing of bed surface stability and Quick drainage |
| CN108398541A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-14 | 河海大学 | The experimental provision and experimental method of adjustable riverbed plant |
| CN108534985A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-14 | 河海大学 | Intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device and its measurement method |
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| CN112113743A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-22 | 华北水利水电大学 | Physical simulation device for water-sand two-phase flow field in vegetation group and simultaneous monitoring method |
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| CN113463561A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-01 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Automatic balance circulation sand conveying moving bed model test water tank |
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| CN106370587B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2023-12-01 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | High-speed water flow test device for rock-soil impact resistance test |
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| CN111274745B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2022-09-16 | 河海大学 | Method for determining boundary height of water flow in submerged plant layer |
| CN111274745A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-12 | 河海大学 | Method for determining boundary height of water flow in submerged plant layer |
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| CN113463561A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-01 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Automatic balance circulation sand conveying moving bed model test water tank |
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