CN103898416A - Combined powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material and preparation method - Google Patents
Combined powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material and a preparation method, belonging to the technical field of camshafts for internal combustion engines like automobile engines. The alloy components of the camshaft material comprise 1.5-3% of C, 3-7% of Cr, 0.5-1.5% of Mo, 0.3-0.6% of P, 1-3% of Cu, 0.05-1.5% of Si, 0.05-1.5% of Mn, 0.01-1.5% of Ti, and the balance of Fe. The powder is pressed into a cam sheet, the mandrel adopts a seamless steel tube, the cam sheet and the seamless steel tube are in clearance fit, and the cam sheet and the steel tube are assembled and then are sintered. The green body of the cam is directly assembled with the steel tube and then is sintered. In sintering, the powdery material shrinks and is densified and also forms metallurgical bonding with the steel tube, so that the bonding strength is high, the performance is reliable, the prepared cam has advantages of high torque, small stress, light weight and good abrasion resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the new technical field of producing of the oil engines such as motor car engine camshaft, particularly a kind of built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, for save energy and minimizing pollution, it is further important that automobile loss of weight seems.Be often automobile loss of weight 10%, just can reduce oil consumption 8%, not only capable of saving fuel oil has also reduced the quantity discharged of tail gas.In order to solve the problems such as conventional cam shaft weight is large, material use efficiency is low, tooling cost is high, the design concept of Novel camshaft must be that few processing, quality are little, compact construction.The various piece of axle must meet different performance requriementss simultaneously.Cam bit will have higher wear resistance, resistance to deadlocked and spot corrosion, and the coefficient of sliding friction of axle journal is little, mandrel counter-bending, shear strength good.Traditional Cast camshaft is difficult to meet these performance requriementss simultaneously, and needs a large amount of machinings to be finally shaped, and cost is high, waste starting material.Most importantly be difficult to have breakthrough aspect weight reduction.So the automotive industry of various countries has started to develop and use novel Combined hollow camshaft, be called for short assembled camshaft.Various types of combinations assembling modes are just constantly developed by people's invention, and cardinal principles of all these combination assembling modes are all weight reductions, meet performance requriements.
Assembled camshaft develops into today, and conventional method of attachment can be divided into three major types: welding process, mechanical process (mainly comprising interference assembling, mechanical pipe expanding method, annular knurl assembling method), combined sintering method.
Welding process can produce a lot of heats in the time of welding, welding zone moment high-temperature material can be deformed, affect the stability of welded accessory size, the thermal distortion of welding zone fierceness also easily cracks, welding effect is difficult to guarantee, and outward appearance needs further shaping; Pipe expanding method cam and steel pipe are running fit, utilize hydraulic pressure or mechanical expander, require tube wall thinner in order to be beneficial to the viscous deformation of axis body, when cam bears the connection of tension stress hot jacket, there is heat transmission by metallic matrix in the heat that cam produces in the time of work, these heats are delivered to the position that cam is combined with axis body can make shrink range change, strength of joint stability decreases.
Its camshaft of vario valve control (VVC) engine of U.S. Land Rover MG-F automobile is exactly the combined sintering technology adopting, what axis body was used is cold drawing steel tube, what cam adopted the is Astaloy E powder (Fe-5Cr-2Cu-2.5C-1Si-1Mo-0.5P) of He Genasi through liquid phase sintering on steel pipe, what other sintered part was used is that Fe-Cu-C is powder, and first sintering re-uses method for welding and is connected with axis body.
CN 1858288A discloses a patent about the preparation of P/M hollow camshaft cam and heat treating method, and its cam composition is: C0.4-0.6%, and Cr1.0-1.5%, Ni1.5-2.0%, Mo0.6-1.0%, Cu2-2.5%, all the other are Fe.Cam preparation adopts compacting sintering method and powder forging method, and the standby cam of compacting sintering legal system also will be taked two kinds of surface Hardening Treatment: high-frequency quenching and broad band laser hard surfacing; Powder forging method adopts the thermal treatment process of oil quenching and low-temperaturetempering afterwards in forging, cam adopts mechanical process to be connected with steel pipe.There is certain deficiency in technique, carbon content is lower, is unfavorable for the raising of cam hardness and wear resistance, makes to adopt surface Hardening Treatment or thermal treatment process improves hardness, increased manufacturing cost, also makes the production cycle extend simultaneously.In addition, cam adopts mechanical process to be connected with steel pipe, and stability is not high, and powder forging process complexity, and facility investment is larger.CN 101368250A discloses the patent of a rare earth additive high-carbon content cam material and powder smelting Camshaft Production technique, and cam material composition is C 1.5-2%, Cr 7.5-10%, Ni 1.5-2%, Mo 0.75-1%, P 0.45-0.6%, rare earth fluoride 1.75-2%, surplus is Fe.After the repressed moulding of cam, by first presintering 30min at 950 ℃ of pressed compact, then after cam, axle journal and steel pipe assembling at 1140 ℃ of sintering, be incubated 60min.Although technique is also the metallurgical binding that realizes steel pipe and cam by liquid phase sintering, cam bit needs pre-burning after compacting, has increased energy consumption and cost, has extended the production cycle.
Combined sintering technology is also at the early-stage in China, and technology is not mature enough, also fails to come into the market in a large number, mainly relies on import.Man of domestic many engine shops carrys out replace imported, saving fund in the urgent need to the domestic assembled camshaft of research and development voluntarily at present.Therefore, technique has very wide market and good utilisation technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of conventional cast camshaft, improve the assembly connection mode of cam material and cam and the mandrel of other P/M cam axle, reduce technical process, reduce energy consumption.Pass through added alloying constituent simultaneously and improve the wear resistance of P/M cam and the stability in use of camshaft.The production method of a kind of built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material and a kind of efficient Combined hollow camshaft is provided.
The invention provides a kind of built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material, this cam material alloy component range is: C 1.5-3%, Cr 3-7%, Mo 0.5-1.5%, P 0.3-0.6%, Cu 1-3%, Si 0.05-1.5%, Mn 0.05-1.5%, Ti 0.01-1.5%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of the built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material the present invention relates to is:
(1) built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material alloy component range is: C 1.5-3%, Cr 3-7%, Mo 0.5-1.5%, P 0.3-0.6%, Cu 1-3%, Si 0.05-1.5%, Mn 0.05-1.5%, Ti 0.01-1.5%, surplus is Fe, take raw material powder according to aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material alloying constituent, wherein: C adds with the form of graphite, Cu adopts electrolytic copper powder or FeCu alloy form to add, high carbon ferro-chrome or the low carbon ferrochromium of Cr take content as 20-70% or add with pure Cr powder, the molybdenum-iron of Mo take content as 20-70% adds, the ferrophosphorus of P take content as 10-40% adds, the ferrosilicon of Si take content as 30-80% adds, ferromanganese or the pure manganese powder of Mn take content as 35-85% adds, Si, the Mn also form of available silicomanganese adds, ferrotianium or the pure titanium valve of Ti take content as 20-60% adds, Fe adopts atomized iron powder,
(2) then take the one in following three kinds of techniques to process each raw material powder: hybrid system, diffusion process and atomization, wherein;
Hybrid system: each raw material powder is mixed in proportion, mixing time 45-120min, when batch mixing, add massfraction be the Zinic stearas of 0.4-1.2% as lubricant, when batch mixing, can add mill ball, hybrid system gained powder is used for suppressing cam bit;
Diffusion process: after the each raw material powder except graphite is mixed in proportion, first batch mixing 30-90min, then diffusion-sintering 30-90min at reducing atmosphere, 600-900 ℃ temperature, last crushing and screening;
Atomization: the each raw material powder except graphite is smelted into alloy liquid, adopts high pressure water or stream of nitrogen gas to smash fused solution alloy and make powder;
Powder prepared by diffusion process and atomization adds batch mixing after graphite again, and in batch mixing, add massfraction be the Zinic stearas of 0.4-1.2% as lubricant, the powder of gained is used for suppressing cam bit;
(3) under the pressure of 450-600MPa, adopt floating die drawing method that step (2) gained powder compression is become to cam bit, mandrel adopts weldless steel tube, be running fit between cam bit and weldless steel tube, after cam bit and steel pipe assemble through sintering processes.
In aforesaid method, sintering temperature is 1080-1250 ℃, and sintering time is 20min-120min.
In aforesaid method, the various powder sizes that use are characterized as: graphite particle size is-200 orders or thinner, electrolytic copper powder granularity is-200 orders or thinner, high-carbon chromium iron, low carbon ferrochromium powder, molybdenum-iron powder etc. are≤25 μ m ultrafine powders, atomized iron powder granularity is-100 orders or thinner, other raw material powder≤44 μ m.
The present invention has the following advantages: (1), compared to traditional castmethod, powder metallurgy is that a logging material is prepared with part forming in the advanced manufacturing technology of one.Powder metallurgy can be manufactured the mechanical component of clean shaping, can reduce machining amount and save material, has that material use efficiency is high, production cost is low, the advantages such as good combination property; (2) the cam green compact in the present invention directly assemble sintering with steel pipe.In sintering process, powdered material shrinks, when densification with steel pipe formation metallurgical binding, bonding strength is high, dependable performance.(3) in the present invention, the addition of graphite is 1.5-3%, the cam hardness HRC40-65 after sintering.(4) manganese, silicon, titanium are added in iron-base powder as alloying element simultaneously, can obtain good strengthening effect and sintered dimensions stability.Titanium add the sintering character that can improve sintered compact.The adding of titanium reduce the Diffusion Activation Energy of element in matrix and improve the velocity of diffusion of element in matrix, the element that has effectively promoted steel pipe and cam interface better, spread quickly, makes the performance of junction, interface better.By torsion test, carry out the check of steel pipe and cam strength of joint, torque value >=1000 Nm.The advantages such as gained cam moment of torsion is high, stress is little, quality is light, wear resistance is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microstructure (each figure left side is steel pipe, and right side is mmaterial) of cam bit and steel pipe combination sintered interface.
Embodiment
Further illustrate particular content of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and the example of executing.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material, this cam material alloying constituent is C 1.5%, Cr 5%, Mo 1%, P 0.6%, Cu 2%, Si 1.5%, Mn 1%, Ti 1.5%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material:
(1) take raw material powder according to aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material alloying constituent, wherein: C adds with the form of graphite, Cu adopts electrolytic copper powder, Cr adds with pure Cr powder, and Mo adds with molybdenum-iron, and P adds with ferrophosphorus, Si adds with ferrosilicon, Mn adds with ferromanganese, and Ti adds with ferrotianium, and Fe adopts atomized iron powder.The various powder sizes that use are characterized as: graphite particle size is-200 orders or thinner, and electrolytic copper powder granularity is-200 orders or thinner, and molybdenum-iron powder is≤25 μ m ultrafine powders, and atomized iron powder granularity is-100 orders or thinner, other raw material powder≤44 μ m.
(2) adopt hybrid system, each raw material powder be mixed in proportion, mixing time 100min, when batch mixing, add massfraction be 1% Zinic stearas as lubricant, hybrid system gained powder is used for suppressing cam bit;
(3) under the pressure of 500MPa, adopt floating die drawing method that step (2) gained powder compression is become to cam bit, mandrel adopts weldless steel tube, be running fit between cam bit and weldless steel tube, after cam bit and steel pipe assemble through sintering processes.Wherein, sintering temperature is 1110 ℃, and sintering time is 110min.Obtain the cam material of described alloying constituent.
Detect the performance of gained cam bit.Detected result is: density 7.375g/cm
3, hardness HRC 50, torque value be 1023 Nm.After sintering, as shown in Figure 1, as seen from Figure 1, the tissue of sintered compact is typical liquid phase sintering tissue to the microstructure of cam and steel pipe interface.White portion is the eutectic liquid phase condensate tissue under sintering temperature, black gray expandable be solid phase particles.The tissue of junction, interface presents not bery smooth spination, has illustrated that the mutual migration of element occurs between two foreign materials.Can also see the crystal grain of crossing over interface simultaneously, prove in sintering process, sintered compact and steel some element in the two has occurred to spread and has made bonding interface that migration occur, and has formed metallurgical binding between the two.
Embodiment 2:
Pass through torsion test, carry out the check of steel pipe and cam strength of joint, the sample torque value of the sample (other alloying constituent point is as listed in example 1) without interpolation Ti and interpolation titanium is contrasted, add the cam that 1.5%Ti manufactures, its torque value can reach 1023 Nm, has 912 Nm without the sample torque value that adds Ti.The adding of titanium reduce the Diffusion Activation Energy of element in matrix and improve the velocity of diffusion of element in matrix, the element that effectively promotes steel pipe and cam interface better, spread quickly, makes the performance of junction, interface better.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material, this cam material alloying constituent is C 2.5%, Cr 4.5%, Mo 1%, P 0.6%, Cu 2%, Si 1%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 1.0%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material:
(1) take raw material powder according to aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material alloying constituent, wherein: C adds with the form of graphite, Cu adds with FeCu alloy form, Cr adds take content as 70% high carbon ferro-chrome, and Mo adds with molybdenum-iron, and P adds with ferrophosphorus, Si adds with ferrosilicon, Mn adds with ferromanganese, and Ti adds with pure titanium valve, and Fe adopts atomized iron powder.The various powder sizes that use are characterized as: graphite particle size is-200 orders or thinner, and high-carbon chromium iron, molybdenum-iron powder etc. is the ultrafine powder of≤25 μ m, and atomized iron powder granularity is-100 orders or thinner, other raw material powder≤44 μ m.
(2) adopt diffusion process to process raw material powder, after the each raw material powder except graphite is mixed in proportion, first batch mixing 60min, then diffusion-sintering 60min at reducing atmosphere, 900 ℃ of temperature, last crushing and screening; Add again batch mixing after graphite, and in batch mixing, add massfraction be 1.2% Zinic stearas as lubricant, the powder of gained is used for suppressing cam bit;
(3) under the pressure of 500MPa, adopt floating die drawing method that step (2) gained powder compression is become to cam bit, mandrel adopts weldless steel tube, be running fit between cam bit and weldless steel tube, after cam bit and steel pipe assemble through sintering processes.Wherein, sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, and sintering time is 90min.Obtain the cam material of described alloying constituent.
Detect the performance of gained cam bit.Detected result is: density 7.465g/cm
3, hardness HRC 56, torque value be 944 Nm.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material, this cam alloying constituent is C 3%, Cr 6%, Mo 0.9%, P 0.45%, Cu 3%, Si 0.9%, Mn 0.25%, Ti 0.01%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material:
(1) take raw material powder according to aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material alloying constituent, wherein: adopt atomization to process raw material powder, wherein: C adds with the form of graphite, Cu adopts electrolytic copper powder, and Cr adds with pure Cr powder, Mo adds with molybdenum-iron, P adds with ferrophosphorus, and Si adds with ferrosilicon, and Mn adds with ferromanganese, Ti adds with pure titanium valve, and Fe adopts atomized iron powder.The various powder sizes that use are characterized as: graphite particle size is-200 orders or thinner, and electrolytic copper powder granularity is-200 orders or thinner, and molybdenum-iron powder is≤25 μ m ultrafine powders, and atomized iron powder granularity is-100 orders or thinner, other raw material powder≤44 μ m.
(2) adopt atomization to process raw material powder, the each raw material powder except graphite is smelted into alloy liquid, adopt high pressure water or stream of nitrogen gas to smash fused solution alloy and make powder; Add again batch mixing after graphite, and in batch mixing, add massfraction be 0.4% Zinic stearas as lubricant, the powder of gained is used for suppressing cam bit;
(3) under the pressure of 450MPa, adopt floating die drawing method that step (2) gained powder compression is become to cam bit, mandrel adopts weldless steel tube, be running fit between cam bit and weldless steel tube, after cam bit and steel pipe assemble through sintering processes.Wherein, sintering temperature is 1080 ℃, and sintering time is 120min.Obtain the cam material of described alloying constituent.
Detect the performance of gained cam bit.Detected result is: density 7.575g/cm
3, hardness HRC 65, torque value be 828Nm.
Adopt hybrid system, diffusion process or the prepared cam material density after sintering of atomization all can arrive 7.35-7.6g/cm
3, hardness is HRC40-65.
The above; only for preferably embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (4)
1. a built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material, is characterized in that: this cam material alloy component range is: C 1.5-3%, Cr 3-7%, Mo 0.5-1.5%, P 0.3-0.6%, Cu 1-3%, Si 0.05-1.5%, Mn 0.05-1.5%, Ti 0.01-1.5%, surplus is Fe.
2. a preparation method for built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material, is characterized in that the method is as follows:
(1) built-up type powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material alloy component range is: C 1.5-3%, Cr 3-7%, Mo 0.5-1.5%, P 0.3-0.6%, Cu 1-3%, Si 0.05-1.5%, Mn 0.05-1.5%, Ti 0.01-1.5%, surplus is Fe, take raw material powder according to aforesaid combination formula powder metallurgy hollow camshaft cam material alloying constituent, wherein: C adds with the form of graphite, Cu adds with electrolytic copper powder or FeCu alloy form, high carbon ferro-chrome or the low carbon ferrochromium of Cr take content as 20-70% or add with pure Cr powder, the molybdenum-iron of Mo take content as 20-70% adds, the ferrophosphorus of P take content as 10-40% adds, the ferrosilicon of Si take content as 30-80% or the form of silicomanganese add, the ferromanganese of Mn take content as 35-85%, the form of pure manganese powder or silicomanganese adds, ferrotianium or the pure titanium valve of Ti take content as 20-60% adds, Fe adopts atomized iron powder,
(2) then take the one in following three kinds of techniques to process each raw material powder: hybrid system, diffusion process and atomization, wherein;
Hybrid system: each raw material powder is mixed in proportion, mixing time 45-120min, when batch mixing, add massfraction be the Zinic stearas of 0.4-1.2% as lubricant, hybrid system gained powder is used for suppressing cam bit;
Diffusion process: after the each raw material powder except graphite is mixed in proportion, first batch mixing 30-90min, then diffusion-sintering 30-90min at reducing atmosphere, 600-900 ℃ temperature, last crushing and screening;
Atomization: the each raw material powder except graphite is smelted into alloy liquid, adopts high pressure water or stream of nitrogen gas to smash fused solution alloy and make powder;
Powder prepared by diffusion process and atomization adds batch mixing after graphite again, and in batch mixing, add massfraction be the Zinic stearas of 0.4-1.2% as lubricant, the powder of gained is used for suppressing cam bit;
(3) under the pressure of 450-600MPa, adopt floating die drawing method that step (2) gained powder compression is become to cam bit, mandrel adopts weldless steel tube, between cam bit and weldless steel tube, be running fit, after cam bit and steel pipe assembling, obtain the cam material of described alloying constituent through sintering processes.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: sintering temperature is 1080-1250 ℃, and sintering time is 20min-120min.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the various powder sizes that use are characterized as: graphite particle size is-200 orders or thinner, electrolytic copper powder granularity is-200 orders or thinner, high-carbon chromium iron, low carbon ferrochromium powder, molybdenum-iron powder are≤25 μ m ultrafine powders, atomized iron powder granularity is-100 orders or thinner, other raw material powder≤44 μ m.
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| CN104550969A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Combined sintering and connecting method of ends of power metallurgy camshaft |
| CN105618761A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-06-01 | 株式会社瑞进凸轮轴 | Sintering body suitable for sintering connection |
| CN106282732A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 合肥万向钱潮汽车零部件有限公司 | Automobile driving axle |
| CN107043893A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | 绍兴市上虞春晖内燃机配件有限公司 | Camshaft preparation method and camshaft |
| CN107876752A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-06 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of forged material cam of based powders containing molybdenum-iron and its preparation technology |
| CN109465452A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-15 | 昆山淀富精密组件有限公司 | A kind of application of metal powder injection molding in assembling parts |
| CN110914009A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2020-03-24 | 帝伯爱尔株式会社 | Valve guide tube made of iron-based sintered alloy and method for producing same |
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| CN105618761A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-06-01 | 株式会社瑞进凸轮轴 | Sintering body suitable for sintering connection |
| CN104550969A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Combined sintering and connecting method of ends of power metallurgy camshaft |
| CN106282732A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 合肥万向钱潮汽车零部件有限公司 | Automobile driving axle |
| CN107043893A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | 绍兴市上虞春晖内燃机配件有限公司 | Camshaft preparation method and camshaft |
| CN107876752A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-06 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of forged material cam of based powders containing molybdenum-iron and its preparation technology |
| CN107876752B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-11-13 | 南京理工大学 | Molybdenum-containing iron-based powder forging material cam and preparation process thereof |
| CN110914009A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2020-03-24 | 帝伯爱尔株式会社 | Valve guide tube made of iron-based sintered alloy and method for producing same |
| CN110914009B (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2021-03-05 | 帝伯爱尔株式会社 | Valve guide tube made of iron-based sintered alloy and method for producing same |
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| CN109465452A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-15 | 昆山淀富精密组件有限公司 | A kind of application of metal powder injection molding in assembling parts |
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