CN1038681A - 复合无纺布 - Google Patents

复合无纺布 Download PDF

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CN1038681A
CN1038681A CN89102527A CN89102527A CN1038681A CN 1038681 A CN1038681 A CN 1038681A CN 89102527 A CN89102527 A CN 89102527A CN 89102527 A CN89102527 A CN 89102527A CN 1038681 A CN1038681 A CN 1038681A
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fabric
nonwoven
synthetic resin
layer
nonwoven cloth
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CN1046325C (zh
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宫崎良知
西村淳
加藤隆
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Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd
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    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3504—Woven fabric layers comprise chemically different strand material
    • Y10T442/3512—Three or more fabric layers
    • Y10T442/352—One of which is a nonwoven fabric layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/494—Including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

一种既不降低无纺布通常具有的排水性、运输性、与土的相容性，并且同时又具有在低弯曲度下的高强度的复合无纺布。该复合无纺布是由编织物或织物与无纺布层压结合而成的。编织物或织物是在至少一个方向上使用了拉伸弹性模量为20GPa以上，最好为50GPa以上，而且拉伸强度为1.2GPa以上，最好为1.5GPa以上纤维束而形成的。无纺布层是合成树脂的长纤维或短纤维无序配置而形成的。

Description

本发明涉及不仅具有和先有技术的无纺布同样的排水性，而且在低弯曲度或伸张度（15%以下）下还具有高强度的复合无纺布。
在土木领域的建设工程中，特别是治山工程、治水工程、道路工程或在松软地基上的建筑物的建造中，在土质构造物或建筑物的底部或内部敷设合成树脂排水材和补强材，可提高施工效率及建筑完成后的稳定性。
但是，这些合成树脂制品只具有排水材特性和补强材特性之中的一种，而不是两种特性都有。即使某些材料在某种程度上兼有两种特性，但其中一种特性相对于另一种特性来说也是微不足道的。
由于土质结构物或建筑物当其基础发生弯曲度为约5～15%的变形时就被认为已破坏或失去作用，所以通常采用在JISL-1096弯曲实验下弯曲率为5%～15%的合成树脂作为补强材，但是在这种弯曲率内具有高强度的材料都缺乏排水性。
本发明的目的是提供一种既不破坏无纺布所固有的排水性、易搬运性以及与土的结合性，而且在低弯曲度下又具有高强度的复合无纺布。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种将一层编织物或织物层和一层无纺布层叠合在一起而形成的复合无纺布;该编织物或织物层至少在一个方向上使用拉伸弹性模量为20GPa以上，最好为50GPa以上，且拉伸强度为1.2GPa以上，最好为1.5GPa以上的合成树脂纤维束，该无纺布层是通过合成树脂的长纤维或短纤维无序配置而形成的。
在本发明的复合无纺布中用来制作编织物层或织物层的合成树脂的纤维束在JISL-1013实验中，其初始拉伸弹性模量为20GPa（gigapascal）以上，最好为50GPa以上;拉伸强度为1.2GPa以上，最好为1.5GPa以上。如果初始拉伸弹性模量及拉伸强度在上述范围之外，则合成树脂的纤维束在本发明中作为补强材就不能得到足够的强度。
构成纤维束的单纤维为能纺丝的合成树脂，例如聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯基醇、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯，宜为聚烯烃如聚乙烯、聚丙烯，最好为超高分子量的聚乙烯的拉伸产品。该拉伸产品可用特开昭59-187614和特开昭59-130313的方法制备。
该纤维束可由前述合成树脂的解纤线或纤毛线形成。“解纤线”是指用梳理机将合成树脂薄膜或条进行规则或不规则解纤而得到的线。“纤毛线”是指没有网目结构的、通过控制各纤维组成部分中的纤维分布而得到的、外观与精纺纱相似的膨体纱。
本发明使用的纤维束的纯度为300-2500旦，最好为500-2000旦。
这种纤维束被用在编织物或织物的至少一个方向上，从而使该方向上的强度增加。织物形式可为平纹、花纹、斜纹，或者采取这些基本形式的各种其它形式。
如果将上述纤维束用在一个方向上，其它方向可使用其它纤维，例如上述范围之外的纤维束、单纤维等。另外，上述纤维束不仅可以用在一个方向上，还可以用在多个方向上，如经向和纬向。由此，可加强任一方向上的强度。
在至少一个方向上应用上述纤维束的编织物或织物的密度（重量/面积）应为50～1000克/平方米，最好为100～500克/平方米。
在本发明的复合无纺布中，由合成树脂的长纤维或短纤维无序配置而形成的无纺布层可由下列纤维的长或短纤维构成：聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚乙烯基醇纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚二氯乙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚苯乙烯纤维，而其中以聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维、聚乙烯基醇纤维、聚乙烯纤维或聚丙烯纤维形成的无纺布层最好。
另外，前述纤维包括以各种拉伸率和延伸率成形的很多种类，但其中以具有高强度、低延伸度的为最好。并且，如后所述，由于采用针刺的机械结合法，以使用长纤维比短纤维好。无纺布层的长纤维或短纤维通常是通过熔融纺丝成形，从而变成无序化的纤维群，然后用网进行改良，就可以形成无纺布层。另外，如需要，可在熔融纺丝，无纺层形成之中、之前或之后将热稳定剂、防氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、颜料、阻燃剂、表面活性剂等加入熔融物中，或者处理形成的纤维的表面。这样制得的无纺布层的长纤维或短纤维的纤度为0.5～30旦，最好为3～15旦。无纺布层的密度（重量/面积）为50～1000克/平方米，最好为100～500克/平方米。
编织物或织物与无纺布的叠层体的结构可有以下几种形式：
1.将两者层状叠合在一起的层状结构
2.中间层为编织物或织物，两边为无纺布的三层结构。
3.无纺布为中间层，两边为编织物或织物的三层结构。
4.重复1的结构的多层结构等。
以上各种形式中以三层结构2为最好。
编织物或织物和无纺布结合方法有针刺穿孔（needle        punch）、喷水穿孔、超声连接、高频连接、热压等方法。当采用针刺穿孔时，贯通各层的针数为每平方厘米30～150针，特别是50针以上时，可得到层间的良好结合。针刺深度为8～15mm，最好为10～14mm。这样形成的叠层体由于在编织物或织物的至少一个方向上为纤维束，所以由针刺而造成的拉伸强度降低比平式结构（flat-type        structure）要小得多，并且透水性也优越。另外，如在针刺操作前或操作中，将各层用诸如聚氧乙烯烷基醚或聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚的非离子型表面活性剂进行表面处理，可使由于针刺而造成纤维断裂减少，这样就进一步防止了初始拉伸强度的降低，同时可使各层变为亲水性，使透水性得到改善。
另外，当用上述连接或热压等热融接使各层结合时，该结合可为部分结合，因此，为了提高各层的接合力，编织物或织物与无纺布最好由同一的或有相容性的合成树脂形成。
当用JIS-1096切条实验法测定的拉伸弯曲度在15%以内时，该制品的拉伸强度为最大载荷4.5tf/m以上。面内方向（水平方向的透水系数为1×10～1×10厘米/秒，垂直方向上的透水系数为1×10°～1×10厘米/秒。
上述的本发明的复合无纺布和先有技术的叠层土木片材相比，初始拉伸强度和透水性能（排水性能）良好，而且无纺布层起缓冲作用保护了编织物或织物，所以对于大的拉伸强度和延伸率以及反复经受载荷具有耐久性。长期作为土木用材可维持良好的性能。因此，本发明的复合无纺布可用来作为使堤坝安定，处理松软地基的地基补强材。由于在应用于道路时具有优越的使载荷分散的性能，所以也可用作垂直排水作业时的松软地基压密促进材。另外，本发明的产品还可用作涌水、地下水的排水材，河流、海洋护岸用的吸出防止材和冲刷防止材。它还适用于需要防止土砂分离和对反复载荷有耐久性的铁路路基的喷泥防止材。它在土木建筑领域还有各种其他用途，例如灰浆和混凝土的浇铸材、地下排水管的堵塞防止材、隧道排水及绝热材、管道漏油防止材，还可在用沥青浸渍后用作断水、防水材。
实施例
在下述条件下制成复合无纺布，并进行拉伸强度试验。
无纺布：聚丙烯长纤维无纺布，密度（重量/面积）约为130克/平方米。
编织物或织物：平纹布，在一个方向上为超高分子量的1000D的聚乙烯纤维束（经线，每英寸7根），纬线为聚丙烯的单纤维开松线（unvvoven        threads）。
拉丝纤维束的强度为25g/D。
成形条件：两片无纺布之间夹一层织物，用针刺法使其结合。
针刺数为50/cm
针深度为：14mm
实验法：用JIS-1096切条试验法在织物的经线方向加载荷测定拉伸强度。
最高载荷为4.6tf/m，最高载荷时的拉伸弯曲度为5.0%。

Claims (1)

1、一种复合无纺布，它由编织物或织物层与无纺布层叠置在一起而形成，该编织物或织物层至少在一个方向上为合成树脂的纤维束，其拉伸弹性模量为20GPa或20GPa以上，最好为50GPa或50GPa以上，拉伸强度为1.2GPa或1.2GPa以上，最好为1.5GPa或1.5GPa以上，该无纺布层是由合成树脂的长纤维或短纤维无序配置形成的。
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CN1308521C (zh) * 2001-06-25 2007-04-04 东亚纺素材股份有限公司 土木材料用无纺布
CN102806733A (zh) * 2012-07-30 2012-12-05 山东俊富无纺布有限公司 一种保暖复合非织造材料及其制备方法
CN104137749A (zh) * 2014-07-17 2014-11-12 常熟璟杰无纺制品有限公司 一种淋膜无纺布
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CN102806733A (zh) * 2012-07-30 2012-12-05 山东俊富无纺布有限公司 一种保暖复合非织造材料及其制备方法
CN102806733B (zh) * 2012-07-30 2014-09-24 山东俊富无纺布有限公司 一种保暖复合非织造材料及其制备方法
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TWI778500B (zh) * 2021-01-22 2022-09-21 郭子綺 彈性壓力織物及其製造方法

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