CN103864069A - Method for preparing graphene by taking carbon nanotubes with discontinuous tube walls as raw materials - Google Patents
Method for preparing graphene by taking carbon nanotubes with discontinuous tube walls as raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN103864069A CN103864069A CN201410115856.3A CN201410115856A CN103864069A CN 103864069 A CN103864069 A CN 103864069A CN 201410115856 A CN201410115856 A CN 201410115856A CN 103864069 A CN103864069 A CN 103864069A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene by taking carbon nanotubes with discontinuous tube walls as raw materials. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining oxidized graphene by taking the carbon nanotubes with the discontinuous tube walls as the raw materials via a strong oxidant expansion and separation method; and carrying out a reduction treatment on the oxidized graphene so as to obtain the graphene, wherein the carbon nanotubes with the discontinuous tube walls are shaped like bamboo joints or fishbones; a strong oxidant is a mixture of inorganic acid and potassium permanganate. The method has the advantages that graphite layers for forming the tube walls of the carbon tubes are continuous by taking the carbon tubes with the discontinuous tube walls as the raw materials; the sizes of the carbon tubes are in a nanometer level, so that the oxidation expansion distance of the strong oxidant entering the carbon tubes in a diffusion manner is short and the required time is less, namely, the efficient preparation of the graphene is realized, thereby being favorable for the large-scale preparation of the graphene.
Description
Present patent application obtains the subsidy of Tianjin application foundation and cutting edge technology research plan (Natural Science Fund In The Light) emphasis Funded Projects (13JCZDJC33900) and National Nature fund general project (51272176).
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of preparing Graphene take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material, belong to Graphene preparing technical field.
Background technology
Graphene has excellent electricity, and mechanical property and other functional performance, can be applicable to the fields such as high performance composite, electrochemical capacitance and battery.At present the preparation method of Graphene can be divided into by process: from top to bottom and from bottom to top.Be mainly to adopt strong oxidizer that graphite expansion is separated and obtains graphene oxide from top to bottom, it is rare that then reduction obtains graphite.To adopt carbon compound from bottom to top, pyrolysis under high temperature, under metal catalyst katalysis, in metallic surface, growth forms Graphene.Two kinds of processes are compared, and are easier to large-scale production from top to bottom, but the preparation process time of Graphene is long, and efficiency is low, are the major obstacles of puzzlement Graphene industrialization.
In the preparation process of Graphene, to diffuse into the expansion process of graphite linings consuming time the longest for strong oxidizer, is the major cause that causes Graphene preparation efficiency.Based on this, the application, take discontinuous tube wall carbon pipe as raw material, utilizes strong oxidizer that the discontinuous graphite linings of composition carbon tube wall is opened, and obtains graphene oxide, and reduction obtains Graphene.
Can realize the key of efficiently preparing Graphene is take discontinuous tube wall carbon pipe as raw material, forming discontinuous carbon tube wall graphite linings scantlings of the structure arrives between hundreds of nanometers (5-500 nanometer) in several nanometers, and the raw materials graphite that Graphene generally adopts at present, size is generally at micron order (1-10 micron).Strong oxidizer diffusion length, compared with entering at present micron order graphite diffusion distance, has the difference of the order of magnitude.Therefore prepare Graphene take discontinuous tube wall carbon pipe as raw material, strong oxidizer diffusion length is short, and expanding to separate needs the time short, thereby can effectively improve the preparation efficiency of Graphene.
Although have before this, carbon pipe being cast aside to the report of preparing Graphene band, is that the carbon pipe to having continuous tube wall is processed, and is different from the application.And because the tube wall of continuous carbon pipe is complete graphite-structure, be difficult to open, opening procedure complex process, elapsed time is long, and efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for preparing Graphene take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material, it is characterized in that having improved Graphene preparation efficiency, reduce preparation cost, be conducive to suitability for industrialized production.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is realized by following technical proposals:
Prepare a method for Graphene take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material, it is characterized in that it is take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material, adopt strong oxidizer expansion partition method, obtain graphene oxide, process and obtain Graphene by reduction; Wherein said discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube, the tube wall that refers to carbon pipe is to be made up of interrupted graphite linings, is typically Bamboo-shaped carbon pipe or herring-bone form carbon pipe; Described strong oxidizer is the mixture of mineral acid and potassium permanganate.
Carbon pipe described in claim comprises common carbon pipe and nitrogen-doped carbon pipe.Described Graphene comprises common graphite alkene and nitrogen-doped graphene.
The preferred preparation method of the present invention, it is characterized in that described oxidation expansion partition method is that discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube is mixed with potassium permanganate, be mixed to form mixing solutions with mineral acid again, control solution temperature 30-60 oC, magnetic agitation 2-6 h, mixing solutions is directed on ice cube, ice cube dissolves, drip 30% hydrogen peroxide to solution and become yellow, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide suspension, settlement separate, add successively hydrochloric acid and distilled water, centrifuge washing pH value of solution is to 6-8, separate and obtain graphene oxide, dry, in 1000 oC argon gas stream, reduction obtains Graphene.Wherein said mineral acid comprises sulfuric acid and the mixture with phosphoric acid thereof.
The proportioning of described mineral acid and carbon pipe, take carbon pipe quality as 1.0 g, corresponding mineral acid volume 100 ml to 500 ml; Potassium permanganate and carbon pipe proportioning, take carbon pipe quality as 1, corresponding potassium permanganate and carbon pipe quality are between 4 to 7.Described mineral acid and potassium permanganate mixture, be typically phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate mixture, and wherein phosphoric acid is 1, and sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid volume ratio are 5 to 10, potassium permanganate and mineral acid proportioning, and potassium permanganate 1.0 g, corresponding mineral acid is 30-300 ml.
Take discontinuous tube wall carbon pipe as raw material, adopt strong oxidizer to expand and be oxidized partition method, obtain graphene oxide, process and obtain Graphene by reduction.Described discontinuous tube wall carbon pipe is ring carbon pipe, also can be herring-bone form carbon pipe and other and have the carbon pipe of discontinuous structural pipe wall feature; Described strong oxidizer is the mixture of mineral acid and strong oxidizer, is typically sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and potassium permanganate mixture.
It is the raw material of preparing Graphene that the key that the present invention can high-level efficiency prepares Graphene has been to adopt the carbon pipe of discontinuous tube wall, the tube wall graphite linings size that forms carbon pipe is little, as the graphite flake layer size that forms ring carbon pipe is at 5-500 nm, form the graphite flake layer size of herring-bone form carbon pipe at 3-50 nm, and the graphite flake layer size of flaky graphite is at 1000-3000 nm, even larger.And the intercalation that the oxidation preparation process of Graphene is first mineral acid enters between graphite flake layer, then with strong oxidizer oxidation acquisition graphene oxide, reduce and obtain Graphene.Wherein intercalation process is key prepared by Graphene, is also part the most consuming time.Shortening the distance that mineral acid and strong oxidizer diffuse into graphite linings, is the key that improves Graphene preparation efficiency.
Simultaneous test is as follows:
The Graphene product feature that the present invention is prepared take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material is as follows:
(1) size is little, is generally less than 500 nm;
(2) surface folding defect is many;
(3) between constituent structure and carbon pipe, there is inheritance, can be by standby control of carbon control be realized to composition structure control.
A kind of method of efficiently preparing Graphene take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material that provides is provided, reduces Graphene preparation cost, promote Graphene commercial application.The method synthesizing graphite alkene has the feature that size is little, activity is high and structure is adjustable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the transmission electron microscope picture of the ring carbon pipe that the invention process example uses;
Fig. 2: the high power transmission electron microscope picture of the ring carbon pipe that the invention process example uses;
Fig. 3: the x-ray photoelectron energy spectrogram of the nitrogenous ring carbon pipe that the invention process example uses;
Fig. 4: the invention process example 1 obtains the transmission electron microscope picture of product.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described, the scheme of embodiment described here, do not limit the present invention, one of skill in the art can make improvements and change according to spirit of the present invention, these described improvement and changing all should be considered as in scope of the present invention, and the requirement of all having the right of scope of the present invention and essence limits; Wherein said ring carbon nanotube and nitrogenous ring carbon pipe synthetic specifically referring to (
feng et al., Mater. Sci. Eng.A. 473,238 (2008).), herring-bone form carbon pipe synthetic referring to (
i. Martin-Gullon et al., Carbon. 44,1572 (2006)), other reagent used is by commercially available.
Embodiment 1:
Synthetic ring carbon pipe, take ring carbon nanotube 0.29 g, potassium permanganate 1.74 g, mix, put into there-necked flask, successively add 10 ml phosphoric acid and 90 ml sulfuric acid, water-bath 50 oC, magnetic agitation 4 h, are directed at mixing solutions on ice cube, ice cube dissolves, drip hydrogen peroxide 5 ml, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide suspension, settlement separate, add successively 10% hydrochloric acid 800ml and distilled water 1200 ml wash pH to 5-7, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide, dry, and in 1000oC argon gas stream, reduction obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 2:
With example 1, the amount that changes phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid is 10 ml phosphoric acid and 50 ml sulfuric acid, obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 3:
With example 1, the amount that changes phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid is 10 ml phosphoric acid and 100 ml sulfuric acid, obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 4:
With example 1, change potassium permanganate is 2.03g, obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 5:
With example 1, change potassium permanganate is 1.16g, obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 6:
Synthetic ring carbon pipe, claim 20 g sulfuric acid, pour beaker into, claim 1.0 g bamboo-like carbon nano tubes, slowly pour beaker into, ice bath stirs 30 min, slowly gradation adds 3.0g potassium permanganate, stir 50 min, ice bath changes 35 oC water-baths, continues to stir 30 min, utilize syringe to inject 45 ml distilled water, stir 15 min, then inject respectively successively the hydrogen peroxide of 3.5 ml 30% and the distilled water of 26.5 ml, centrifugation, clean three times with hydrochloric acid and distilled water respectively, obtain graphene oxide, dry, in 1000 oC argon gas stream, reduction obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 7:
Synthetic herring-bone form carbon pipe, take fish-bone carbon nanotube 0.29 g, potassium permanganate 1.74 g, mix, put into there-necked flask, successively add 10 ml phosphoric acid and 90 ml sulfuric acid, water-bath 50 oC, magnetic agitation 4 h, are directed at mixing solutions on ice cube, ice cube dissolves, drip hydrogen peroxide 5 ml, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide suspension, settlement separate, add successively 10% hydrochloric acid 800 ml and distilled water 1200 ml and wash pH to 5-7, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide, dry, and in 1000 oC argon gas stream, reduction obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 8:
Synthetic nitrogenous ring pipe, take nitrogenous ring carbon nanotube 0.29 g, potassium permanganate 1.74 g, mix, put into there-necked flask, successively add 10 ml phosphoric acid and 90 ml sulfuric acid, water-bath 50 oC, magnetic agitation 4 h, are directed at mixing solutions on ice cube, ice cube dissolves, drip hydrogen peroxide 5 ml, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide suspension, settlement separate, add successively 10% hydrochloric acid 800 ml and distilled water 1200 ml and wash pH to 5-7, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide, dry, and in 1000 oC argon gas stream, reduction obtains Graphene.
Embodiment 9:
Simultaneous test
The control of ring carbon is for Graphene
Take ring carbon nanotube 1.50 g, potassium permanganate 9.0 g, mix, put into there-necked flask, successively add 20 ml phosphoric acid and 180 ml sulfuric acid, water-bath 50 oC, magnetic agitation 4 h, mixing solutions is directed on ice cube, and ice cube dissolves, and drips hydrogen peroxide 5.0 ml, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide suspension, settlement separate, add successively 10% hydrochloric acid 800 ml and distilled water 1200 ml and wash pH to 5-7, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide, dry, in 1000 oC argon gas stream, reduction obtains Graphene.
Preparing graphite alkene
Take crystalline flake graphite 0.50 g, potassium permanganate 9.0 g, mix, put into there-necked flask, successively add 20 ml phosphoric acid and 180 ml sulfuric acid, water-bath 50 oC, magnetic agitation 4 h, mixing solutions is directed on ice cube, and ice cube dissolves, and drips hydrogen peroxide 5ml, centrifugation, to obtain product be graphene oxide with not by the expand mixture of the graphite granule separating of complete oxidation.
The carbon control of tube wall is for Graphene continuously
Take multi-walled carbon nano-tubes 1.50 g, potassium permanganate 9.0 g, mix, put into there-necked flask, successively add 20 ml phosphoric acid and 180 ml sulfuric acid, water-bath 50 oC, magnetic agitation 4 h, are directed at mixing solutions on ice cube, and ice cube dissolves, drip hydrogen peroxide 5 ml, centrifugation, adds successively 10% hydrochloric acid 800 ml and distilled water 1200 ml and washs pH to 5-7, and centrifugation obtains product observation and is still mainly carbon nanotube.
Embodiment 10
Graphene product application prepared by the present invention is in lithium cell, get this product 0.85 g, add conductive agent 0.10 g acetylene black, 0.05 g polyfluortetraethylene of binding element (PTFE), ground and mixed is even, on steel plate, roll flakiness with rod iron, be washed into diameter 10 about mm with steel drift, the thin rounded flakes of weight 2-10 mg, as electrode of lithium cell sheet packed battery, take lithium sheet as to electrode, be assembled into button cell, in the time that charge-discharge velocity is 40 mAh/g, the first loading capacity of battery is at 800-1600 mAh/g, stable circulation charge/discharge capacity is at 500-900 mAh/g, compared with current theoretical capacity 372 mAh/g take commercial graphite as electrode material, there is clear superiority.
Claims (7)
1. prepare a method for Graphene take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material, it is characterized in that it is take discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube as raw material, adopt strong oxidizer expansion partition method, obtain graphene oxide, process and obtain Graphene by reduction; Wherein said discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube, the tube wall that refers to carbon pipe is to be made up of interrupted graphite linings, is typically Bamboo-shaped carbon pipe or herring-bone form carbon pipe; Described strong oxidizer is the mixture of mineral acid and potassium permanganate.
2. preparation method claimed in claim 1, wherein said carbon pipe comprises common carbon pipe and nitrogen-doped carbon pipe.
3. preparation method claimed in claim 1, wherein said Graphene comprises common graphite alkene and nitrogen-doped graphene.
4. preparation method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described oxidation expansion partition method is that discontinuous tube wall carbon nanotube is mixed with potassium permanganate, be mixed to form mixing solutions with mineral acid again, control solution temperature 30-60oC, magnetic agitation 2-6 h, mixing solutions is directed on ice cube, ice cube dissolves, drip 30% hydrogen peroxide to solution and become yellow, centrifugation obtains graphene oxide suspension, settlement separate, add successively hydrochloric acid and distilled water, centrifuge washing pH value of solution is to 6-8, separate and obtain graphene oxide, dry, in 1000 ℃ of argon gas stream, reduction obtains Graphene.
5. preparation method claimed in claim 1, wherein said mineral acid comprises sulfuric acid and the mixture with phosphoric acid thereof.
6. preparation method claimed in claim 1, the wherein proportioning of mineral acid and carbon pipe, take carbon pipe quality as 1g, corresponding mineral acid volume 100 ml to 500 ml; Potassium permanganate and carbon pipe proportioning, take carbon pipe quality as 1, corresponding potassium permanganate and carbon pipe quality are between 4 to 7.
7. preparation method claimed in claim 1, wherein said mineral acid and potassium permanganate mixture, be typically phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate mixture, wherein phosphoric acid is 1, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid volume ratio are 5 to 10, potassium permanganate and mineral acid proportioning, potassium permanganate 1 g, corresponding mineral acid is 30-300 ml.
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| CN104730124A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-24 | 福州大学 | Carbon nano material with glucose detection performance and preparation method thereof |
| CN104852021A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-08-19 | 天津师范大学 | Preparation method of graphene/carbon nanotube composite material |
| CN105214522A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2016-01-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of gas separation membrane based on CNT/graphene oxide-polyimides |
| CN106315565A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽省宁国天成电工有限公司 | Graphene for temperature sensor and preparation method of graphene |
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| CN104730124A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-24 | 福州大学 | Carbon nano material with glucose detection performance and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104852021B (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2017-03-22 | 天津师范大学 | Preparation method of graphene/carbon nanotube composite material |
| CN105214522A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2016-01-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of gas separation membrane based on CNT/graphene oxide-polyimides |
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| CN107758647A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of low defect graphene ribbon sponge composite |
| CN107804838A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of low defect graphene ribbon sponge ultracapacitor |
| CN107814379A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of method that low defect graphene ribbon sponge is prepared using CNT sponge |
| CN108529608A (en) * | 2018-07-01 | 2018-09-14 | 曲靖师范学院 | A method of high-quality graphene nanometer sheet is prepared by carbon nanotube |
| CN108529608B (en) * | 2018-07-01 | 2021-10-08 | 曲靖师范学院 | Method for preparing high-quality graphene nanosheets from carbon nanotubes |
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