CN103847206A - 碳纤维复合材料及其制法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种碳纤维复合材料及其制法,该碳纤维复合材料的制法包括:于第一碳纤维层的第一侧结合第二碳纤维层,以得到层合件,其中,该第一纤维层的一表面上形成有含纳米碳管的树脂,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团;以及塑形该层合件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碳纤维复合材料及其制法,尤其是涉及一种具有高制振特性(high vibration damping)的碳纤维复合材料及其制法。
背景技术
随着时代进步,使用者需求的增加与节能的需求等,均使高分子纤维复合材料朝向轻量化、高强度发展。如自行车、高尔夫球杆、球拍、球棒等运动器材,风力发电叶片及工业生产设备方面的应用,皆伴随着轻量化、提升强度的发展,必须同时解决高分子纤维复合材料结构振动所产生的制振问题,以提升使用者的舒适性与工业生产设备应用的效能。
举例而言,运输用机械手臂在高速移动(2.8m/秒)、旋转(210°/秒)时会产生位移、变形与震动,高分子纤维复合材料制成的机械手臂因运动而产生形变的振幅摆动至停止的时间若过长时,需待较长的时间至摆动静止或振幅降低至可接受的程度,方得再进行下一动作,如此势必使产能受到影响,所以必须缩短振动的衰减时间,其产能动作才不致于降低。
通常,多层的高分子纤维复合材料的制备主要通过叠层,即叠合多层高分子纤维层,并调整上下层高分子纤维层之间的纤维角度以达成所需机械或物理特性,或者调整叠层的厚度或高分子的厚度,然而,该类调整或改变效果仍有限。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种碳纤维复合材料的制法,包括:于第一碳纤维层的第一侧结合第二碳纤维层,以得到层合件,其中,该第一纤维层的一表面上形成有含纳米碳管的树脂,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团;以及塑形该层合件。
本发明还提供一种碳纤维复合材料,包括:第一碳纤维层;第二碳纤维层;以及夹置于该第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层之间的树脂,其中,该树脂含有纳米碳管,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团。
附图说明
图1A至图1C为本发明第一实施例的碳纤维复合材料的制法示意图;以及
图2A至图2B为本发明第二实施例的碳纤维复合材料的制法示意图。
主要组件符号说明
1 层合件
1'、2 碳纤维复合材料
10 第一碳纤维层
10a 第一表面
10b 第二表面
12 树脂
14 第二碳纤维层
16 第三碳纤维层。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实施例说明实施方式,该领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭示的内容轻易地了解本发明的其它优点及功效。
通常,多层的碳纤维复合材料的制备主要通过叠层,即叠合多层碳纤维层,之后再加工为所需外型。此外,可调整上下层碳纤维层的间的纤维角度以达成所欲的机械或物理特性。
本发明的碳纤维复合材料的制法发现在碳纤维复合材料中具有含纳米碳管的树脂时,可大幅提升制振特性。
通常,碳纤维复合材料包括至少二层的碳纤维层,可为三层至十层,甚至更多层的叠合结构。以下,本发明例示性地以典型的制作工艺说明,而非用以限制实施方式或结构。
一般而言,用于制作碳纤维复合材料的碳纤维层的制备方法包括手工积层、喷布、积层、连续积层、树脂转注成型、缠绕成型、片状模造(SMC)、块状模造(BMC)、预浸成型、压力釜成型等。因此,用于制作碳纤维复合材料的碳纤维层含有聚合物或如本文所述的树脂。
本发明提供一种碳纤维复合材料的制法,包括:于第一碳纤维层第一侧结合第二碳纤维层,以得到层合件,其中,该第一纤维层的一表面上形成有含纳米碳管的树脂,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团,以与该树脂键结;以及塑形该层合件。
实施例1
请参阅图1A至图1C,说明本发明碳纤维复合材料的制法。
如图1A所示,准备一第一碳纤维层10,具有相对的第一表面10a(如前述第一侧)和第二表面10b(第二侧),于该第一碳纤维层10的第一表面10a上形成有含纳米碳管的树脂12,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团,使其与该树脂12键结。在本示意图中,以预浸成型的碳纤维层作为第一碳纤维层10,是以,该第一碳纤维层10的第一表面10a和第二表面10b皆具有该树脂12,换言之,该树脂12包覆该第一碳纤维层10。
然而,该树脂也可形成于第一纤维层的单一表面上。
一具体实施例中,至少部分树脂夹置于该第一碳纤维层10和第二碳纤维层14之间(请参考图1B),而夹置于该第一碳纤维层10和第二碳纤维层14之间的树脂厚度约5至400μm。
此外,该纳米碳管以多层纳米碳管为佳,以其多层的管壁提供相较于单层纳米碳管更多微滑动现象,累积的阻尼特性可快速地被放大,更有效抑制振动。
另一方面,纳米碳管经改性后,具有反应性官能团,该反应性官能团可为胺基、羧基、羟基或酰氯基,但不以此为限。该改性的方法可参考J.mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342所揭露的方法。
一具体实施例中,该纳米碳管占该树脂的最低有效量为1wt%,含量越高刚性越强但加工则越困难,为避免影响加工性,纳米碳管的含量最高至20wt%。
所使用的树脂并无特别限制,可为热塑性树脂或热固性树脂,选择时,只要可与该反应性官能团反应即可,通常,该树脂为环氧树脂,可形成一定程度的交联。
接着,如图1B所示,将第二碳纤维层14结合至该第一碳纤维层10第一侧,以得到层合件1。之后,再塑形该层合件1,如图1C所示。通常,塑形时利用模具加工层合件1,以得到所欲外型的碳纤维复合材料1',包括中空的圆管、方形管,或实心棒等。再者,塑形该层合件过程中,往往会使层合件受热,此时会使该反应性官能团与该树脂键结,进而硬化定型。
实施例2
接续图1B步骤,如图2A所示,在本实施例中,还包括于塑形该层合件1前,于该第一碳纤维层10第二侧结合第三碳纤维层16,以使该第一碳纤维层10夹置于该第二碳纤维层14与第三碳纤维层16之间。
之后,再进行塑形加工,得到如图2B所示的碳纤维复合材料2。
根据本发明的制法,本发明还提供一种碳纤维复合材料1',2,包括:第一碳纤维层10;第二碳纤维层14;以及夹置于该第一碳纤维层10和第二碳纤维层14之间的树脂12,其中,该树脂12含有纳米碳管,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团,以与该树脂键结。
该碳纤维复合材料2可包括第三碳纤维层16,结合于该第一碳纤维层10上,使该第一碳纤维层10夹置于该第二碳纤维层14与第三碳纤维层16之间。
一具体实施例中,在多层,例如二层、三层或更多层叠构的碳纤维复合材料的态样时,该树脂包覆该第一碳纤维层。此时,该第一碳纤维层和树脂可视为单一层体。
该夹置于该第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层之间的树脂厚度约5至400μm。
此外,该纳米碳管以多层纳米碳管为佳,以其多层的管壁提供相较于单层纳米碳管更多微滑动现象,累积的阻尼特性可快速地被放大,更有效抑制振动。
另一方面,纳米碳管经改性后,具有反应性官能团,该反应性官能团可为胺基、羧基、羟基或酰氯基,但不以此为限。该改性的方法包括可参考J.mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342所揭露的方法。
一具体实施例中,该纳米碳管占该树脂的1至20wt%。
所使用的树脂并无特别限制,可为热塑性树脂或热固性树脂,选择时,只要可与该反应性官能团反应即可,通常,该树脂为环氧树脂,以可形成一定程度的交联。
测试例
测试例1碳纤维复合材料制成的中空矩形管的振动衰减时间测量
根据前述制法制备本测试例的碳纤维复合材料样品,该样品包括20层碳纤维层,其中,第7和8层之间及第13和14层碳纤维层之间具有含多层纳米碳管的树脂。
该碳纤维和树脂的详细说明如下:
碳纤维:(Toray,T700SC,12K)
树脂:环氧树脂(Dow Chemical,Epon 828)
多层纳米碳管:(1wt%,L-MWCNT1020,辛耘企业)
改性官能团:(胺基,根据J.mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342的方法)
塑形该层合件时,先准备一芯模,其外表套上一塑料气袋,接着,将层合件包覆该芯模,再将覆有层合件的芯模置入另一铝质模具中固定,之后留下塑料气袋并抽出芯模,在芯模空下的空间中充气(25至30psi)以撑住层合件,同时,在铝质模具侧施以20至25psi的压力及以160℃加热40分钟,待降至室温,即可取出该碳纤维复合材料样品(矩形管:长300mm×宽27mm×高11.2mm;厚2.5mm)。
振动衰减时间(秒,S)的测量使用激光位移计(Polytec OFV 350 Sensorhand),测量自振动开始(样品的一端固定,另一端施加2Kg载重后释放)至静止的时间,并将结果记录于表1。
测试例2碳纤维复合材料制成的中空圆管的振动衰减时间测量
如测试例1的方式制备本测试例的碳纤维复合材料样品(圆形管:长300mm×直径20mm;厚4.0mm)。
振动衰减时间(秒,S)的测量使用激光位移计,测量自振动开始至静止的时间,并将结果记录于表1。
测试例3碳纤维复合材料制成的脚踏车前叉管的振动衰减时间测量
如测试例1的方式制备本测试例的碳纤维复合材料样品(前叉管:束管长320mm,束管直径1.125inch;倾角45mm)。
振动衰减时间(秒,S)的测量使用激光位移计,测量自振动开始至静止的时间,并将结果记录于表1。
比较例1碳纤维复合材料制成的中空矩形管的振动衰减时间测量
如测试例1的方式制备本测试例的碳纤维复合材料样品(矩形管:长300mm×宽27mm×高11.2mm;厚2.5mm),其差异在于该样品包括20层碳纤维层,但不含纳米碳管。
振动衰减时间(秒,S)的测量使用激光位移计,测量自振动开始至静止的时间,并将结果记录于表1。
比较例2碳纤维复合材料制成的中空圆管的振动衰减时间测量
如测试例2的方式制备本测试例的碳纤维复合材料样品(圆形管:长300mm×直径20mm;厚4.0mm),其差异在于该样品包括20层碳纤维层,但不含纳米碳管。
振动衰减时间(秒,S)的测量使用激光位移计,测量自振动开始至静止的时间,并将结果记录于表1。
比较例3碳纤维复合材料制成的脚踏车前叉管的振动衰减时间测量
如测试例3的方式制备本测试例的碳纤维复合材料样品(前叉管:束管长320mm,束管直径1.125inch;倾角45mm),其差异在于该样品包括20层碳纤维层,但不含纳米碳管。
振动衰减时间(秒,S)的测量使用激光位移计,测量自振动开始至静止的时间,并将结果记录于表1。
表1
树脂层数的计算以具有树脂的该碳纤维层为单一层。
树脂层位置以样品最外侧的碳纤维层为第一层。
根据表1所示的结果可知,碳纤维复合材料中含有纳米碳管时,确实可大幅缩短振动衰减时间。
上述实施例用以例示性说明本公开的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本公开。任何该领域技术人员均可在不违背本公开的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修改。因此本公开的权利保护范围,应如权利要求书所列。
Claims (21)
1.一种碳纤维复合材料的制法,包括:
于第一碳纤维层的第一侧结合第二碳纤维层,以得到层合件,其特征在于,该第一纤维层的一表面上形成有含纳米碳管的树脂,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团;以及
塑形该层合件。
2.如权利要求1所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,至少部分树脂夹置于该第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,夹置于该第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层之间的树脂厚度约5至400μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该纳米碳管是多层纳米碳管。
5.如权利要求1所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该反应性官能团是胺基、羧基、羟基或酰氯基。
6.如权利要求1所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该纳米碳管占该树脂的1至20wt%。
7.如权利要求1所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该树脂是热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。
8.如权利要求7所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该树脂是环氧树脂。
9.如权利要求1所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,包括于塑形该层合件前,于相对于该第一侧的该第一碳纤维层的第二侧结合第三碳纤维层,使该第一碳纤维层夹置于该第二碳纤维层与第三碳纤维层之间。
10.如权利要求1或9所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该树脂包覆该第一碳纤维层。
11.如权利要求1所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该第二碳纤维层含有聚合物。
12.如权利要求9所述的碳纤维复合材料的制法,其特征在于,该第三碳纤维层含有聚合物。
13.一种碳纤维复合材料,包括:
第一碳纤维层;
第二碳纤维层;以及
夹置于该第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层之间的树脂,其特征在于,该树脂含有纳米碳管,且该纳米碳管表面具有反应性官能团。
14.如权利要求13所述的碳纤维复合材料,其特征在于,夹置于该第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层之间的树脂厚度约5至400μm。
15.如权利要求13所述的碳纤维复合材料,其特征在于,该纳米碳管是多层纳米碳管。
16.如权利要求13所述的碳纤维复合材料,其特征在于,该反应性官能团是胺基、羧基、羟基或酰氯基。
17.如权利要求13所述的碳纤维复合材料,其特征在于,该纳米碳管占该树脂的1至20wt%。
18.如权利要求13所述的碳纤维复合材料,其特征在于,该树脂是热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。
19.如权利要求18所述的碳纤维复合材料,其特征在于,该树脂是环氧树脂。
20.如权利要求13所述的碳纤维复合材料,包括第三碳纤维层,结合于该第一碳纤维层上,使该第一碳纤维层夹置于该第二碳纤维层与第三碳纤维层之间。
21.如权利要求13或20所述的碳纤维复合材料,其特征在于,该树脂包覆该第一碳纤维层。
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Also Published As
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US20140154456A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
CN103847206B (zh) | 2018-04-20 |
TW201422862A (zh) | 2014-06-16 |
US9868275B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 |
US9308705B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
US20160176176A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
TWI509119B (zh) | 2015-11-21 |
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