CN103837834B - The method of testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic - Google Patents
The method of testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN103837834B CN103837834B CN201410054650.4A CN201410054650A CN103837834B CN 103837834 B CN103837834 B CN 103837834B CN 201410054650 A CN201410054650 A CN 201410054650A CN 103837834 B CN103837834 B CN 103837834B
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Abstract
The method of testing that the invention provides a kind of battery thermal runaway characteristic, comprising: choose analogies; Described analogies are positioned in described calorimeter; Described calorimeter is calibrated, obtained calibration data, after calibration, described analogies are taken out; Mesuring battary sample is put into calorimeter, utilize described calibration data, described mesuring battary sample is carried out to thermal runaway test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method of testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic.
Background technology
Under the dual-pressure of energy crisis and environmental pollution, automobile dynamic system motorized becomes not graduallyCarry out the technical development main flow of automobile. One of principal character of automobile dynamic system motorized is used power electricThe Power supply source that want as automobile primary in pond. But, in recent years because of electrokinetic cell thermal runaway occur on fire,The accident of blast happens occasionally, and the safety issue of electrokinetic cell is the serious threat people's life not onlyProperty safety, and hindered the extensive industrialization of electric automobile. To electrokinetic cell thermal runaway, behavior is enteredRow research, particularly to great-capacity power battery thermal runaway, behavior is studied, to solving electrokinetic cell peaceFull property problem has great importance, for example can be according to the thermal runaway behavior of electrokinetic cell to electrokinetic cellThermal runaway principle is studied, and then finds out the key factor that solves electrokinetic cell thermal runaway, or can basisThe thermal runaway behavior of electrokinetic cell designs to avoid moving to the cell safety protective device of electric automobileGeneration of power battery thermal runaway etc.
A kind of wherein method of assessment battery thermal runaway behavior is to adopt accelerating calorimeter to carry out thermal runawayTest. Accelerating calorimeter can provide adiabatic environment in the test of battery thermal runaway, therefore, and Ke YizhunReally obtain the heat that battery discharges in thermal runaway process. In test process, the first quilt of mesuring battary sampleCalorimeter Fast Heating, until detect that mesuring battary sample itself occurs Self-heating. At calorimeterIn the process of Fast Heating, set a time interval, within this time interval, calorimeter suspends to be measuredThe Fast Heating of battery sample, and observe mesuring battary sample surfaces temperature and whether occur autonomous rising. IfThere is autonomous rising in mesuring battary sample surfaces temperature, represents that Self-heating appears in mesuring battary sample. TreatSurvey battery sample and just started to occur that the temperature of Self-heating is called the heat release beginning of mesuring battary sample. Electricity to be measuredPond sample occurs after Self-heating, and calorimeter stops battery sample to be measured to carry out Fast Heating, but startsAround mesuring battary sample, provide adiabatic environment, make mesuring battary sample produce heat all forThe intensification of self. The acquisition of adiabatic environment need to meet a core condition, i.e. mesuring battary sample surfacesTemperature equate all the time with the calorimetric cavity wall temperature of calorimeter.
The temperature of the temperature of mesuring battary sample surfaces and calorimetric cavity wall is respectively by the first temperature sensorWith the second temperature sensor measurement. Calorimeter is being found the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensorAfter temperature contrast, eliminate this temperature contrast by additional heat. But, due to different TEMPsDevice exists different, and in the time that actual temperature equates, the temperature sensor analog quantity that calorimeter reads but mayThere are differences, calorimeter, in order to make up this difference, will supplement unnecessary heat or few supplementing mistakenlyEnergy, not only make calorimeter the stage of being rapidly heated cannot accurately find mesuring battary sample heat release beginPoint cannot be also the calorimetric environment of mesuring battary offering sample thermal insulation. Described temperature sensor analog quantity isRefer to that temperature sensor varies with temperature the output signal intuitively reflecting, for example, when described temperature sensor isWhen thermal resistance sensor, described temperature sensor analog quantity refers to temperature variant resistance value.
Therefore, calorimeter needs to calibrate before using, to eliminate different sensors measure analog amountDifference. But in common calibration steps, calorimeter inside does not have sample, and in reality test, outstandingIt is in the test process of great-capacity power battery, and the meeting heat absorption of mesuring battary sample can cause sample tableSurface temperature is lower than the setting value in calibration process, therefore, in actual thermal runaway test process, adds stoppingIn the time interval of heat, sample surfaces temperature can decline gradually, and this decline can cover oneself of sample itselfHeat-dissipating, makes cannot accurately find in experimentation the heat release beginning of sample, and heat release beginning indicates and treatsThe beginning of surveying battery sample Self-heating, has very important significance for thermal runaway specificity analysis.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of test side that can accurately obtain battery thermal runaway characteristicMethod.
The method of testing that the invention provides a kind of battery thermal runaway characteristic, comprising:
Choose analogies, the matter of the sum of products mesuring battary sample of the quality of described analogies and specific heat capacityAmount is less than or equal to 10% with the relative error of the product of specific heat capacity;
Described analogies are positioned in a calorimeter;
Described calorimeter is calibrated, obtained calibration data, after calibration, described analogies are gotGo out;
Mesuring battary sample is put into described calorimeter, utilize described calibration data, to described electricity to be measuredPond sample carries out thermal runaway test.
Compared with prior art, the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic provided by the invention can be in described amountIn hot instrument use procedure, complete calibration operation accurately, thereby can test out exactly in thermal runaway testThe thermal runaway characteristics such as the heat release beginning of battery, can be research and the electric automobile of electrokinetic cell thermal runaway principleThe design of cell safety protective device provides reference frame accurately.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the knot of the applied a kind of calorimeter of battery thermal runaway characteristic test method provided by the inventionStructure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the method for testing flow chart of battery thermal runaway characteristic provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the calibration graph recording in embodiment of the present invention calorimeter calibration process.
Fig. 4 is the thermal runaway test curve figure of mesuring battary sample described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is heat release beginning in the thermal runaway test curve figure of mesuring battary sample described in the embodiment of the present inventionNear enlarged drawing.
Main element symbol description
Calorimeter 100
Calorimetric chamber 110
Top cover 120
The first temperature sensor 130
The second temperature sensor 140
Fixed support 150
Screw rod 152
Nut 154
The first top board 156
The second top board 158
Analogies 200
Following detailed description of the invention further illustrates the present invention in connection with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention and accompanying drawing, to the survey of battery thermal runaway characteristic provided by the inventionMethod for testing is described in further detail.
Refer to Fig. 1, a calorimeter 100 comprises a calorimetric chamber 110, a top cover 120, one first temperatureSensor 130 and one second temperature sensor 140, described the first temperature sensor 130 is treated for monitoringThe temperature of surveying battery sample surface, described the second temperature sensor 140 is for monitoring described calorimetric chamber 110Temperature. In embodiments of the present invention, the large-scale accelerating calorimeter that uses THT company of Britain to produceEV-ARC carries out thermal runaway test.
Described calorimeter further comprises that a fixed support 150 is for fixing described mesuring battary sample, instituteState fixed support 150 Liftables on described top cover 120. Described fixed support 150 comprises multiple screw rods152, multiple nuts 154, one first top board 156 and one second top board 158, described the first top board 156Can be fixed on described screw rod 152 by described nut 154 described first with described the second top board 158Top board 156 and described the second top board 158 can be oppositely arranged, and can move up and down along described screw rod 158.
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of method of testing of electrokinetic cell thermal runaway characteristic, comprising:
S1, chooses analogies 200;
S2, is positioned over described analogies 200 in described calorimeter 100;
S3, calibrates described calorimeter 100, obtains calibration data, after calibration, described in inciting somebody to actionAnalogies 200 take out;
S4, puts into calorimeter by mesuring battary sample, utilizes described calibration data, to described electricity to be measuredPond sample carries out thermal runaway test.
In step S1, described analogies 200 are for simulating described mesuring battary sample at calibration processTemperature field distribute, thereby can make step S3 obtain described calibration data more accurately. Preferably, described inThe quality of mesuring battary sample and taking advantage of of specific heat capacity described in the quality of analogies 200 and the sum of products of specific heat capacityLong-pending relative error can be less than or equal to 10%, thereby makes described analogies 200 can simulate comparatively accurately instituteThe temperature field of stating mesuring battary sample distributes. More preferably, the quality of described analogies 200 and specific heatDescribed in the sum of products holding, the relative error of the quality of mesuring battary sample and the product of specific heat capacity can be less than etc.In 5%. More preferably, the quality of described analogies 200 and the product of specific heat capacity can with described electricity to be measuredThe quality of pond sample is identical with the product of specific heat capacity. The specific heat capacity of described testing sample can be utilized prior artIn general method of testing measure.
Further, the shape of described analogies 200 can be identical with the shape of described mesuring battary sample.Described shape can characterize by multiple form parameters, for example when described in while being shaped as cuboid, shouldCuboid can characterize with length and width and Gao Lai. Preferably, each shape ginseng of described analogies 200Number can all be less than or equal to 10% with the relative error of described mesuring battary sample correspondingly-shaped parameter, for example, work asWhen described mesuring battary sample is cuboid, described analogies 200 can be cuboid, and described analogies200 length and width or high length and width or the high relative error corresponding with described mesuring battary sample can be all littleIn equaling 10%, so that described analogies 200 can simulate the temperature of described mesuring battary sample more accuratelyField distribution. More preferably, described analogies 200 are identical with the shape of described mesuring battary sample, andEach form parameter is also identical. More preferably, the sum of products institute of described analogies 200 quality and specific heat capacityState battery quality identical with the product of specific heat capacity, and described analogies 200 and described mesuring battary sampleShape is identical, and each form parameter is also identical so that the temperature field of described analogies 200 distribute with described in treatThe temperature field of surveying battery sample distributes identical.
In embodiments of the present invention, the quality of described mesuring battary sample is 0.72kg, and specific heat capacity is1100J/ (kgK), this mesuring battary sample be shaped as cuboid, the length, width and height of this mesuring battary sampleBe respectively 146mm, 92mm and 26mm; The material aluminium block of described analogies, quality is 0.91kg,The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 903J/ (kgK), these analogies be shaped as cuboid, the length, width and height of these analogiesBe respectively 150mm, 90mm and 25mm. The quality of these analogies and this mesuring battary sample and specific heatThe relative error of holding product is 4%. The length, width and height relative error of these analogies and this mesuring battary sample is dividedBe not 3%, 2% and 4%.
In step S2, described analogies 200 are positioned over to described calorimeter 100 when interior, can be by instituteState that analogies 200 are unsettled to be positioned in described calorimeter 100, with ensure described analogies 200 not with instituteStating calorimetric chamber 110 sidewalls and described top cover 120 is in contact with one another. Described analogies 200 can be lifted on to instituteState on top cover 120, make described analogies 200 unsettled. Preferably, can further use described fixingThe fixing described analogies 200 of frame 150. Available described the first top board 156 and described the second top board 158 willDescribed analogies 200 clamp, so that described analogies 200 are fixing, and are lifted on described calorimeter 100In.
In step S3, before described calorimeter 100 is calibrated, can further comprise described in a generalThe first temperature sensor 130 be clamped between described analogies 200 and described the first top board 156 or described inThe step being fixed between analogies 200 and described the second top board 158, with described the first TEMPDevice 130 can not depart from from described analogies 200 in calibration process.
In step S3, when described calorimeter 100 is calibrated, can use described calorimeter 100The calibration algorithm carrying is calibrated. In the time calibrating, described calorimeter 100 heats up, and everyMaintain a temperature platform every a temperature interval, and to the first temperature sensor 140 under different temperatures platformRecord and ask difference with the analog quantity numerical value of the second temperature sensor 150. Described temperature interval can beBefore calibration, arrange voluntarily. Preferably, described temperature interval can be 5～25 DEG C, the model of this temperature intervalEnclose can make to calibrate and complete within a short period of time, can obtain again the difference under more different temperatures platform,Improve the accuracy of described calibration data. Obtain after the described difference under different temperatures platform calorimeterUtilize the methods such as such as linear fit of its algorithm carrying to process described difference, and obtain thus instituteThe difference that has the analog quantity numerical value of the first temperature sensor at temperature and the second temperature sensor, this isDescribed calibration data. The calibration curve that Fig. 3 records in calibration process for the embodiment of the present invention, at thisIn invention, in embodiment, described temperature interval is 25 DEG C.
In step S4, when described mesuring battary sample is put into described calorimeter 100, can be by instituteState that mesuring battary sample is unsettled to be positioned in described calorimeter 100, to ensure described mesuring battary sample notBe in contact with one another with described calorimetric chamber 110 and described top cover 120. Can further use described fixed support 150For fixing described mesuring battary sample. Described mesuring battary sample can be clamped in to described the first topBetween plate 156 and described the second top board, described mesuring battary sample is fixed, and be lifted on described calorimetricIn instrument 100.
In the time carrying out described thermal runaway test, can further comprise that one by described the first temperature sensor 130Be clamped between described mesuring battary sample and described the first top board 156 or described mesuring battary sample and instituteState the step being fixed between the second top board 158, to avoid in prior art described the first temperature biographySensor 130 glues while being posted on described mesuring battary sample surfaces by adhesive tape, glue in thermal runaway test processBand because of high temperature tolerance poor from mesuring battary sample surfaces come off or described mesuring battary sample because of heat upExpand and adhesive tape is come off from mesuring battary sample surfaces, making described the first temperature sensor 130 no longerCan reflect the problem of the temperature of described mesuring battary sample surfaces. The heat that can utilize described calorimeter to carryTest procedure out of control is tested the thermal runaway characteristic of described mesuring battary sample. Fig. 4 is that the present invention is realExecute the thermal runaway test curve figure of routine described mesuring battary sample, Fig. 5 is near putting Fig. 4 heat release beginningLarge figure. The Self-heating initial point of this mesuring battary sample is 85 DEG C as can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5, and this is to be measuredThere is blast on fire 200 DEG C of thorough thermal runaways in left and right in battery sample.
Compared with prior art, the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic provided by the invention can be in described amountIn hot instrument use procedure, complete calibration operation accurately, thereby can test out exactly in thermal runaway testThe thermal runaway characteristics such as the heat release beginning of battery, can be research and the electric automobile of electrokinetic cell thermal runaway principleThe design of cell safety protective device provides reference frame accurately.
Claims (10)
1. a method of testing for battery thermal runaway characteristic, comprising:
Choose analogies, the quality of the sum of products mesuring battary sample of the quality of described analogies and specific heat capacityBe less than or equal to 10% with the relative error of the product of specific heat capacity;
Described analogies are positioned in a calorimeter;
Described calorimeter is calibrated, obtained calibration data, after calibration, described analogies are taken out;
Described mesuring battary sample is put into calorimeter, utilize described calibration data, to described mesuring battarySample carries out thermal runaway test.
2. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described analogiesThe sum of products of quality and specific heat capacity described in the quality of mesuring battary sample identical with the product of specific heat capacity.
3. the method for testing of the battery thermal runaway characteristic as described in claim 1 and 2 any one, is characterized in that,The shape of described analogies is identical with the shape of described mesuring battary sample.
4. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described analogiesWhile sign by multiple form parameters with the shape of mesuring battary sample, each shape of described analogiesThe relative error of the parameter form parameter corresponding with described mesuring battary sample is all less than or equal to 10%.
5. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described analogiesWhile sign by multiple form parameters with the shape of mesuring battary sample, each shape of described analogiesThe parameter form parameter corresponding with described mesuring battary sample is all identical.
6. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described calorimeterComprise a top cover, a calorimetric chamber, one first temperature sensor and one second temperature sensor, described firstTemperature sensor is for monitoring the surface temperature of described analogies or described mesuring battary sample, described secondTemperature sensor is for monitoring the temperature in described calorimetric chamber.
7. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, to described amountWhen hot instrument is calibrated, described calorimeter is heated up, and maintain a temperature every a temperature intervalPlatform, and mould to described the first temperature sensor and described the second temperature sensor under different temperatures platformIntend numerical quantity and record and ask difference.
8. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, obtains differenceAfter described difference under temperature platform, described calorimeter is processed described difference, obtains all temperatureUnder described the first temperature sensor and the difference of the analog quantity numerical value of described the second temperature sensor, this isFor described calibration data.
9. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described calorimetricInstrument further comprises a fixed support, and described fixed support is lifted on described top cover, described fixed supportComprise one first top board and one second top board, described the first top board and described the second top board are oppositely arranged, instituteState analogies or described mesuring battary sample by being clamped between described the first top board and described the second top boardBe fixed on described fixed support.
10. the method for testing of battery thermal runaway characteristic as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, calibration orThermal runaway when test, will described the first temperature sensor be clamped in described analogies or described sample battery andBetween described the first top board or described the second top board, be fixed.
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| EP3566044A4 (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2019-11-20 | National Research Council of Canada | Apparatus and method for initiating thermal runaway in a battery |
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| CN109765264B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-11-22 | 清华大学 | Power battery thermal runaway analysis method, system, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN109974899B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-02-11 | 清华大学 | Adiabatic calorimeter |
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