CN103792143A - Quick acquisition method of true stress strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing - Google Patents
Quick acquisition method of true stress strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a quick acquisition method of a true stress strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing. The method comprises the steps of verifying the accuracy of a CAE (computer aided engineering) simulation model by a true stress-true strain curve at an even plastic deformation stage based on the static uniaxial drawing data, and indirectly predicting the true stress-true strain curve at a necking section through the CAE model to obtain the equivalent true stress-true strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing. The simple acquisition method of the true stress strain curve of the material in whole process of uniaxial drawing is easy and simple to operate, thus meeting the need of the CAE simulation in the engineering design. Furthermore, the quick acquisition method is in combination with a CAE technology, the influence of the grid effect to the CAE analysis accuracy can be weakened as much as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material mechanics performance test and material constitutive relation, especially in conjunction with the Data Processing Method of CAE technology, be specifically related to the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of a kind of uniaxial tension.
Background technology
In existing CAE simulation calculation, isotropy metal material plasticity curve is to obtain by uniaxial tensile test, in the time that engineering is applied, the processing of the true stress―strain curve to necking stage has two kinds of modes conventionally: a kind of is to extend along the tangent line of uniform plastic deformation stage trus stress curve, by CAE simulation software according to the automatic epitaxial interpolation of power function; Another method is that the trus stress value of setting after constriction starts remains unchanged, and namely the true stress-true stain curve after constriction is the straight line that is parallel to X-axis.
But the true stress-strain curve obtaining according to said method can not reflect the true strain process of material, 1) because trus stress value is greater than actual value, the result safety coefficient of calculating is inadequate; 2) adopt equally the normal stress true strain curve of lower limit comparatively conservative again, safety coefficient is excessive, is unfavorable for rationally using the optimal design of material and structure.
In existing CAE simulation calculation, the main acquisition step of curve is:
1) according to the test method of GB/T228, when uniaxial tension, mutually place load--the displacement curve of extensometer acquisition material at sample marking distance, then according to exemplar gauge length L
0calculate engineering stress strain curve with sectional area S.
2) in uniform plastic deformation stage (constriction start before), based on constancy of volume principle, obtain the conversion formula of engineering stress, engineering strain and true stress engineering strain, transform the true stress―strain curve that obtains the uniform plastic deformation stage according to following formula.
σ
t=σ
e（1+ε
e） (1)
ε
t=ln(1+ε
e) (2)
3) after constriction starts, elongation is no longer uniformly distributed along test gauge length, and necked-in region is very large, very little outside constriction, and the inapplicable engineering stress strain curve of above-mentioned formula is to the conversion of true stress―strain curve.In the time that engineering is applied, conventionally have two kinds of modes for the processing of the true stress―strain curve of necking stage: a kind of is to extend along the tangent line of uniform plastic deformation stage trus stress curve, by CAE simulation software according to the automatic epitaxial interpolation of power function; Another method is that the trus stress value of setting after constriction starts remains unchanged, and namely the true stress-true stain curve after constriction is the straight line that is parallel to X-axis.Fig. 1 is current CAE artificial material plasticity curve synoptic diagram.
The true stress-strain curve obtaining according to step can not reflect the true strain process of material, and when in employing Fig. 1, the true stress-strain curve of the upper limit does emulation, because trus stress value is greater than actual value, the result safety coefficient of calculating is inadequate; The same normal stress true strain curve of lower limit that adopts is comparatively conservative again, and safety coefficient is excessive, is unfavorable for rationally using the optimal design of material and structure.The actual path of material deformation because above-mentioned two kinds of methods obtain true stress-true stain curve, any time of CAE emulation part deformation and actual conditions there is larger difference.Therefore, need to set up a kind of quick obtaining method of the actual true stress-true stain curve of metal material more accurately, meet the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.
In Patents, be described in further detail theoretically for the measuring technology of isotropy metal material complete stress-strain curve.But because measuring technology is high to equipment requirement, and the workload of calculating is large, also there is many difficulties in engineering application at present.Therefore, need to set up one easy and simple to handle, and simply obtain the method for the omnidistance true stress-true strain curve of material uniaxial tension, to meet the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.Meanwhile, in conjunction with CAE technology, weaken as much as possible the impact of grid effect on cae analysis accuracy.
In sum, be not the actual path of material deformation because former method obtains true stress-true stain curve, any time of CAE emulation part deformation and actual conditions there is larger difference.Therefore, need to set up a kind of quick obtaining method of the actual true stress-true stain curve of metal material more accurately, meet the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of a kind of uniaxial tension, take static uniaxial tension data as basis, utilize the accuracy of uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve checking CAE realistic model, pass through again the true stress-true strain curve of CAE model indirect predictions necking section, thereby obtain the equivalent true stress-true strain curve of uniaxial tension whole process.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
Adopt following steps:
(1) record the load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and calculate engineering stress-engineering strain curve;
(2) utilize elastic deformation stage curve calculation elastic modulus;
(3) the uniform plastic deformation stage, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to transform and obtain true stress-true strain curve, formula (1) σ
t=σ
e(1+ ε
e), formula (2) ε
t=ln (1+ ε
e);
(4) the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtaining is removed to the elastic deformation stage, obtain the plasticity curve of material;
(5) accuracy of checking CAE realistic model;
(6) utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the omnidistance stress-strain diagram that stretches, bring model described in step (5) into, carry out the calculating of drawing process;
(7) load-displacement curves that utilizes displacement and instantaneous cross section and test to record, engineering stress strain curve and true stress―strain curve compare, and divided by instantaneous cross section, can obtain theoretical equivalent true stress―strain curve by the load of respective point.
Further, in step (1), according to uniaxial tension standard GB/T/T228 standard, by loading extensometer, record the load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and calculate engineering stress-engineering strain curve.
Further, according to metal material uniaxial tensile test standard GB/T228, extensometer initial length is chosen 80mm, records the load displacement curve of exemplar, and the original section of testing by measurement is long-pending, calculates engineering stress-engineering strain curve.
Further, in step (2), utilize elastic deformation stage curve, calculate the elastic mould value of material according to GB/T22315.
Further, in step (3), in engineering stress-strain curve, find the maximal value of engineering stress, be tensile strength, delete maximal value curve afterwards, retain uniform plastic deformation phase data, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to transform and obtain true stress-true strain curve.
Further, in step (4), for the material that has yield point elongation, the position that yield point elongation starts is chosen in the starting position of plasticity curve; Without the curve of yield point elongation, plasticity curve reference position is determined according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, and is found corresponding true strain and trus stress value.
Further, in step (4), the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtaining is removed to the elastic deformation stage, obtain the plasticity curve of material.On engineering stress strain curve, determine the reference position of plasticity curve according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, true strain value is deducted to plasticity curve initial strain, trus stress value is constant, obtains the plasticity curve in uniform plastic deformation stage.
Further, in step (5), comprise the steps: with one of hypermesh making identical with the specification of test sample, the state loading according to reality test in ABAQUS, comprise the shape of chuck, add that to hold the parameter such as initial position of exemplar all in kind consistent with actual extension test, the process of simulation material test, the mesh shape of exemplar and size are definite according to the actual needs of CAE emulation, using the elastic modulus obtaining and uniform plastic deformation stage plasticity curve as input, load to CAE exemplar model, simulation uniaxial tension process, obtain the load-displacement curves of even plastic stage extensometer position when actual tests, and compare with the load displacement curve that experiment records, and by the size of mesh opening to ABAQUS model, the non-material constitutive parameters such as the friction force of clamping are adjusted, until it is close with load-displacement curve that test obtains finally to obtain the load-displacement curve of uniform plastic deformation stage CAE model calculating, the exemplar realistic model that now explanation is set up and the data of actual measurement are substantially error free, illustrate non-material this enough factor on the result of model substantially without affecting, therefore can adopt the whole tension test process of this model prediction.
Further, in step (6), the displacement-instantaneous changes of section curve of the omnidistance CAE model of stretching of extensometer relevant position while gathering with test.
Compared with currently available technology, the present invention is a kind of easy and simple to handle, and simply obtains the method for the omnidistance true stress-true strain curve of material uniaxial tension, to meet the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.Meanwhile, in conjunction with CAE technology, weaken as much as possible the impact of grid effect on cae analysis accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 present stage CAE artificial material plasticity curve bound schematic diagram
Fig. 2 tests steel plate exemplar size schematic diagram
Fig. 3 uniaxial tension load-racking test curve
Fig. 4 experimental project stress-strain diagram
Fig. 5 CAE emulation plasticity curve (uniform plastic deformation section)
Drawing process displacement-instantaneous cross section curve that Fig. 6 CAE software gathers
Fig. 7 equivalence true stress―strain curve
Embodiment
Describe the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings below, it is a kind of preferred embodiment in numerous embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment mono-
1. according to uniaxial tension standard GB/T/T228 standard, by loading extensometer, record the load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and calculate engineering stress-engineering strain curve.Utilize elastic deformation stage curve calculation elastic modulus; In the uniform plastic deformation stage, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to transform and obtain true stress-true strain curve.
2. the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtaining is removed to the elastic deformation stage, obtain the plasticity curve of material.For the material that has yield point elongation, the position that yield point elongation starts is chosen in the starting position of plasticity curve; Without the curve of yield point elongation, plasticity curve reference position is determined according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, and is found corresponding true strain and trus stress value.
3. identical with the specification of test sample with one of hypermesh making, the state loading according to reality test in ABAQUS, comprise the shape of chuck, add that to hold the parameter such as initial position of exemplar all in kind consistent with actual extension test, the process of simulation material test, the mesh shape of exemplar and size are determined according to the actual needs of CAE emulation.
4. using the elastic modulus obtaining and uniform plastic deformation stage plasticity curve as input, load to CAE exemplar model, simulation uniaxial tension process, obtains the load-displacement curves of even plastic stage extensometer position when actual tests, and compares with the load displacement curve that experiment records.And the non-material constitutive parameter such as friction force by the size of mesh opening to ABAQUS model, clamping adjusts, until it is close with load-displacement curve that test obtains finally to obtain load-displacement curve that uniform plastic deformation stage CAE model calculates.Now the exemplar realistic model set up of explanation is substantially error free with the data of actual measurement, illustrate non-material this enough factor on the result of model substantially without affecting, therefore can adopt the whole tension test process of this model prediction.
5. utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the omnidistance stress-strain diagram that stretches.Bring above-mentioned model into, carry out the calculating of drawing process, the displacement-instantaneous changes of section curve of the omnidistance CAE model of stretching of extensometer relevant position while gathering with test.
6. the load-displacement curves that utilizes displacement and instantaneous cross section and test to record, engineering stress strain curve and true stress―strain curve compare, and divided by instantaneous cross section, can obtain theoretical equivalent true stress―strain curve by the load of respective point.
Embodiment bis-
Be example with the conventional steel plate (thickness selects 2.0, and exemplar shape is shown in Fig. 2, and exemplar size is in table 1) of certain automobile
Table 1 uniaxial tension exemplar size
| Sample title | a 0 | b 0 | D | l 0 | | L | r | |
| 50 gauge lengths | Thickness of |
25 | 30 | 50 | 75 | ≥180 | 25～40 |
By the method for test and CAE combination, the implementation method of indirectly obtaining the omnidistance equivalent true stress-true strain curve that stretches is as follows.
1. according to metal material uniaxial tensile test standard GB/T228, extensometer initial length is chosen 80mm, records the load displacement curve (Fig. 3) of exemplar.The original section of testing by measurement is long-pending, calculates engineering stress-engineering strain curve (Fig. 4).
2. utilize elastic deformation stage curve, calculate the elastic mould value of material according to GB/T22315;
3. in engineering stress-strain curve, find the maximal value of engineering stress, i.e. tensile strength, deletes maximal value curve afterwards, retains uniform plastic deformation phase data (Fig. 5), utilizes formula (1) and formula (2) to transform and obtains true stress-true strain curve.
4. the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtaining is removed to the elastic deformation stage, obtain the plasticity curve of material.On engineering stress strain curve, determine the reference position of plasticity curve according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, true strain value is deducted to plasticity curve initial strain, trus stress value is constant, obtains the plasticity curve in uniform plastic deformation stage.
5. identical with the specification of test sample with one of hypermesh making, the state loading according to reality test in ABAQUS, comprise the shape of chuck, add that to hold the parameter such as initial position of exemplar all in kind consistent with actual extension test, the process of simulation material test, the mesh shape of exemplar and size are determined according to the actual needs of CAE emulation.
6. using the elastic modulus obtaining and uniform plastic deformation stage plasticity curve as input, load to CAE exemplar model, simulation uniaxial tension process, obtains the load-displacement curves of even plastic stage extensometer position when actual tests, and compares with the load displacement curve that experiment records.If variant, by adjusting by the parameter such as size of mesh opening, the friction force of clamping of adjusting ABAQUS model, until it is close with load-displacement curve that test obtains finally to obtain the load-displacement curve of uniform plastic deformation stage CAE model calculating.
7. utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the omnidistance stress-strain diagram that stretches.Bring above-mentioned model into, carry out the calculating of drawing process, the displacement-instantaneous changes of section curve (Fig. 6) of the omnidistance CAE model of stretching of extensometer relevant position while gathering with test, displacement is got a little according to corresponding displacement point value in Fig. 3.
8. according to Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, divided by instantaneous cross section in Fig. 6, can obtain displacement-trus stress curve by the load of respective point in Fig. 3.
9. according to Fig. 3, the horizontal ordinate corresponding relation of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is in table 2
Table 2 uniaxial tensile test and CAE emulated data gather corresponding form
Directly find the true strain value that in Fig. 6, displacement point is corresponding, replace the displacement of respective point in Fig. 6 with true strain, can obtain theoretical equivalent true stress―strain curve.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is exemplarily described above; obviously specific implementation of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as the various improvement that adopted method design of the present invention and technical scheme to carry out; or directly apply to other occasion without improvement, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of uniaxial tension, it is characterized in that, take static uniaxial tension data as basis, utilize the accuracy of uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve checking CAE realistic model, by the true stress-true strain curve of CAE model indirect predictions necking section, obtain the equivalent true stress-true strain curve of uniaxial tension whole process again.
2. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts following steps:
(1) record the load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and calculate engineering stress-engineering strain curve;
(2) utilize elastic deformation stage curve calculation elastic modulus;
(3) the uniform plastic deformation stage, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to transform and obtain true stress-true strain curve, formula (1) σ
t=σ
e(1+ ε
e), formula (2) ε
t=ln (1+ ε
e);
(4) the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtaining is removed to the elastic deformation stage, obtain the plasticity curve of material;
(5) accuracy of checking CAE realistic model;
(6) utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the omnidistance stress-strain diagram that stretches, bring model described in step (5) into, carry out the calculating of drawing process;
(7) load-displacement curves that utilizes displacement and instantaneous cross section and test to record, engineering stress strain curve and true stress―strain curve compare, and divided by instantaneous cross section, can obtain theoretical equivalent true stress―strain curve by the load of respective point.
3. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in step (1), according to uniaxial tension standard GB/T/T228 standard, by loading extensometer, record the load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and calculate engineering stress-engineering strain curve.
4. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of uniaxial tension as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, according to metal material uniaxial tensile test standard GB/T228, extensometer initial length is chosen 80mm, record the load displacement curve of exemplar, the original section of testing by measurement is long-pending, calculates engineering stress-engineering strain curve.
5. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of the uniaxial tension as described in any one in claim 2-4, is characterized in that, in step (2), utilizes elastic deformation stage curve, calculates the elastic mould value of material according to GB/T22315.
6. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of the uniaxial tension as described in any one in claim 2-5, it is characterized in that, in step (3), in engineering stress-strain curve, find the maximal value of engineering stress, be tensile strength, delete maximal value curve afterwards, retain uniform plastic deformation phase data, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to transform and obtain true stress-true strain curve.
7. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of the uniaxial tension as described in any one in claim 2-6, is characterized in that, in step (4), for the material that has yield point elongation, the position that yield point elongation starts is chosen in the starting position of plasticity curve; Without the curve of yield point elongation, plasticity curve reference position is determined according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, and is found corresponding true strain and trus stress value.
8. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of the uniaxial tension as described in any one in claim 2-7, it is characterized in that, in step (4), the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtaining is removed to the elastic deformation stage, obtain the plasticity curve of material.On engineering stress strain curve, determine the reference position of plasticity curve according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, true strain value is deducted to plasticity curve initial strain, trus stress value is constant, obtains the plasticity curve in uniform plastic deformation stage.
9. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of the uniaxial tension as described in any one in claim 2-8, it is characterized in that, in step (5), comprise the steps: with one of hypermesh making identical with the specification of test sample, the state loading according to reality test in ABAQUS, comprise the shape of chuck, add that to hold the parameter such as initial position of exemplar all in kind consistent with actual extension test, the process of simulation material test, the mesh shape of exemplar and size are determined according to the actual needs of CAE emulation, using the elastic modulus obtaining and uniform plastic deformation stage plasticity curve as input, load to CAE exemplar model, simulation uniaxial tension process, obtain the load-displacement curves of even plastic stage extensometer position when actual tests, and compare with the load displacement curve that experiment records, and by the size of mesh opening to ABAQUS model, the non-material constitutive parameters such as the friction force of clamping are adjusted, until it is close with load-displacement curve that test obtains finally to obtain the load-displacement curve of uniform plastic deformation stage CAE model calculating, the exemplar realistic model that now explanation is set up and the data of actual measurement are substantially error free, illustrate non-material this enough factor on the result of model substantially without affecting, therefore can adopt the whole tension test process of this model prediction.
10. the fast acquiring method of the omnidistance true stress-strain curve of the uniaxial tension as described in any one in claim 2-9, it is characterized in that, in step (6), the displacement-instantaneous changes of section curve of the omnidistance CAE model of stretching of extensometer relevant position while gathering with test.
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