CN103782956B - A kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method - Google Patents
A kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method.The method is: in greenhouse cultivation pool, put healthy soft-shelled turtle seed in a suitable place to breed, and cultivation density controls at 35 ~ 40/m2, and culturing pool temperature control is at 28 ~ 32 DEG C; Do not change water in breeding process, the half an hour after each bait throwing in terminates carries out outdoor blowdown, carries out moisturizing after last blowdown every day terminates; Be used alternatingly quicklime and probiotics adjustment breeding water body water quality; Use the 2nd day Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of splashing after quicklime; To throw something and feed in breeding process soft-shelled turtle feed; Described frequency of throwing something and feeding is the young soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00,23:00 of every day; Children's soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00 of every day; Become the soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,18:00 of every day.The present invention is by the control to water quality, daily ration, feeding quantity and biological feedstuff etc., and the high yield and high quality realizing soft-shelled turtle is produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Have between feed and water quality and contact closely.The gluttonous good food of soft-shelled turtle, food-intake is larger.But too much bait feeding, soft-shelled turtle can not eat a large amount of residual bait of generation on the one hand, and the large excretion of soft-shelled turtle food-intake also can increase on the other hand, and residual bait and excreta all can cause the pollution to water body.Wherein, residual bait is one of main reason of water quality deterioration, shows as the rising of water body ammonia nitrogen and the reduction of oxygen content, and especially light tight greenhouse, this impact is more obvious.In addition, the moist hot environment in greenhouse is beneficial to multiplying of pathogen, organicly in water body increases also for the growth of pathogen provides excellent condition, increases the risk that soft-shelled turtle catches an illness to a certain extent.For keeping good water quality, it may be necessary control daily ration, feeding quantity and to avoid residual bait, water quality being damaged.Meanwhile, the growth of deterioration to soft-shelled turtle of water quality has a significant effect.The research such as Qian Guoying shows, when the decline of water body dissolved oxygen amount, ammonia-nitrogen content rise, then drastically influence ingesting of soft-shelled turtle; Although soft-shelled turtle can survive in the environment of hypoxemia, high ammonia nitrogen, because its food ration declines, in addition in body biochemical cumulative process change and growth rate is declined.Strengthen throwing feeding tube reason and water quality management, soft-shelled turtle is increased fast and has vital effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method.Facts have proved, can significantly improve the growth rate of soft-shelled turtle according to the inventive method, is a kind of breeding soft-shell turtle technology of high yield and high quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method, is characterized in that,
(1) in greenhouse cultivation pool, put the healthy soft-shelled turtle seed of high-quality in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density controls at 35 ~ 40/m2, and culturing pool temperature control is at 28 ~ 32 DEG C; Do not change water in breeding process, the half an hour after each bait throwing in terminates carries out outdoor blowdown, carries out moisturizing after last blowdown every day terminates;
(2) quicklime and probiotics adjustment breeding water body water quality is used alternatingly; The working concentration of described quicklime is 30 ~ 50mg/L water body; Described probiotics is EM bacterium, and usage amount is for reaching 6 × 10 according to every mu of water body containing viable count
13~ 6 × 10
14cfu; Described quicklime and being used alternatingly of probiotics are spaced apart 15 ~ 20 days young seedling stages (that is using for twice of quicklime be 30 ~ 40 days interval, lower same), 7 ~ 10 days young soft-shelled turtle phases;
(3) the 2nd day Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of splashing after quicklime is used; Every mu of usage amount of described each Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is: rheum officinale 2.5 ~ 5g, fresh calamus 10 ~ 12g, gall nut 2 ~ 4g, dry Chinese tallowtree leaf 2 ~ 5g, leek 20 ~ 30g, soya bean 10 ~ 20g;
Wherein, by rheum officinale with 2% limewash soak 40-80 minute, by fresh calamus 2% limewash immersion 10-15 hour, boil 5-15min, by the dry Chinese tallowtree leaf salt decocting juice of 3%, leek to be shredded together with soya bean, defibrination; Finally splash in water body together with water-band slag after mixing.
(4) to throw something and feed in breeding process soft-shelled turtle feed; Described frequency of throwing something and feeding is the young soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00,23:00 of every day; Children's soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00 of every day; Become the soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,18:00 of every day; Described soft-shelled turtle feed makes the soft graininess that soft-shelled turtle eats before throwing something and feeding.
Described daily ration, feeding quantity is: the feeding rate of young soft-shelled turtle is 1.2 ~ 1.8%, and the feeding rate of young soft-shelled turtle is 1.8 ~ 2.6%; The feeding rate becoming soft-shelled turtle is 2.6 ~ 3.2%.Wherein feeding rate refers to that daily ration, feeding quantity accounts for the percentage of Aquatic farming animals (young soft-shelled turtle body weight≤50g, young soft-shelled turtle 50g ~ 200g become soft-shelled turtle >=200g) TBW.
Further, described feedstuff feeding is thrown something and fed in special bait table under water, and in culturing pool week, back gauge water surface 10cm place arranges bait table under water.Feed has suitable viscosity, feed can not be scattered and disappeared within water body considerable time, throw so under water and raise, and soft-shelled turtle food need not go out the water surface, reduces soft-shelled turtle activity and eats food not by external interference, being beneficial to it and increasing fast.
Preferably, soft-shelled turtle feed of the present invention uses special green bio feed, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: U.S. White Marine fish meal 48-55, expanded soybean 8-15, liver powder 0.18-0.45, yolk powder 0.038-0.095, milk powder 0.02-0.05, adhesive 0.03-0.075, lecithin 0.06-0.15, multidimensional 0.24-0.6, mineral matter 0.24-0.6, carnitine 0.02-0.05, betain 0.024-0.06, bile salt 0.016-0.04, methionine 0.036-0.09, lysine 0.036-0.09, salt 0.06-0.15, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-1.5, Choline Chloride 0.3-0.8, Gluten 2.0-3.0, alphalise starch 15-20, squid liver powder 2-3, rice protein powder 2.5-3.5, corn protein powder 2-3, fodder yeast 2-3, bacillus licheniformis premix 0.08-0.12, Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations 3-3.5.
Production technology:
1) by each for Chinese herbal medicine component mixed grinding, then add other components of biological feedstuff, and use high efficient mixer mix and blend;
2) secondary gas flow drying is carried out to the material after mix and blend; Described secondary gas flow drying condition is that dry run temperature controls within 60 DEG C, and mixed feed moisture controls 5% ~ 7%.
3) finished product is obtained after being carried out by the material carrying out secondary gas flow drying cooling, pulverize and sieve.
Said herbal medicine preparation is made up of the bulk drug of following weight parts: Radix Isatidis 20-40, honeysuckle 1-2, dandelion 0.1-0.2, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.08-0.15, rheum officinale 0.08-0.12, coptis 3-5, root of large-flowered skullcap 0.2-0.5, golden cypress 0.01-0.1.
Above-mentioned bacillus licheniformis premix is microencapsulated formulation (bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=5 × 10 of bacillus licheniformis
9cFU/g, embedding rate is 90% ~ 100%).
The account form of described bacillus licheniformis and micro-capsule wall material mixed proportion is for press X=[(B × A)/A
1] – B formulae discovery micro-capsule wall material addition, in formula, X is micro-capsule wall material requirement, and B is bacillus licheniformis requirement, and A is bacillus licheniformis active constituent content, A
1for target product active constituent content.
Preferably, the component of described micro-capsule wall material and weight ratio thereof are: sodium alginate 3-8%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch (preferred octenyl succinate starch) 30-40%, gum Arabic 2-8%, maltodextrin 30-40%, corn syrup 15-25%.
The microencapsulation of bacillus licheniformis: bacillus licheniformis (bacillus licheniformis content>=6.0 × 10
10cFU/g) add the embedding of micro-capsule wall material spray-dried method micro-capsule obtained, in described micro-capsule embedding process, add the 0.1mol/L CaCl of 2%
2solution, the formation and the bacterial classification embedding rate that are conducive to capsule keep.Detailed process is as follows:
1. in the fermentation of three grades of liquid seeds spore content 5.0 × 10
9more than CFU/ml, pH are 7 ~ 8, and during large volume production spore, carry out putting tank;
2. lightweight CaCO is added
3stir 20-30min, measure solid content and bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content; To solid content 25% ~ 35%, bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=6 × 10
10cFU/g;
Each component of 3. getting micro-capsule wall material by following weight ratio adds in deionized water, mixes, obtain stable, evenly, the micro-capsule wall material solution of low, the good fluidity of viscosity; Component and the weight ratio thereof of described micro-capsule wall material are: sodium alginate 5%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch 35%, gum Arabic 5%, maltodextrin 35%, corn syrup 20%; Add that total amount is deionized water quality 20% of described micro-capsule wall material;
4. by according to step 2., 3. obtained bacillus licheniformis and micro-capsule wall material solution is (according to pressing X=[(B × A)/A
1] – B formulae discovery wall material addition) mixing, high pressure homogenizer, under 8000r/min, 40MPa condition, instills 2% 0.1mol/L CaCl
2solution, emulsification 5min, homogeneous twice, obtain bacillus licheniformis emulsion;
5. the bacillus licheniformis emulsion of acquisition is passed into spray drying tower, keeps charging rate 12.5 ~ 14.6mL/min, spray drying tower inlet temperature at 130 ~ 150 DEG C, outlet temperature 80 ~ 90 DEG C, shower nozzle atomizer rotating speed 20000r/min carries out spraying dry;
6. bacillus licheniformis microcapsules pre-mixing agent is finally obtained.
In aquaculture, relevant feeding tube of throwing manages " four the is fixed " principle having " determine matter, quantitatively, regularly, locate ", and soft-shelled turtle is no exception.In the throwing feeding tube reason that the present invention relates to, specification and the bait throwing in frequency of soft-shelled turtle are negative correlation.Soft-shelled turtle hatches out and just enters young, young soft-shelled turtle and formally raise the stage from ovum, and in greenhouse, its long-term water temperature all controls at about 31 DEG C, the growth of the very suitable soft-shelled turtle of water temperature.So greenhouse soft-shelled turtle growth speed and survival rate height, depend on feed and feeding technology to a great extent.
Soft-shelled turtle feed requires thin, soft, smart, tender, easy to digest and comprehensive nutrition.Soft-shelled turtle feeding habits are assorted and heavy, more voracious, and partial eclipse is as animal baits such as fish, shrimp, crab, the frog, spiral shell, freshwater mussel, a species of small clam living in fresh waters.Soft-shelled turtle is not also avoided arousing suspicion to the internal organ of each animal and rotten food, also can nibble similar even in addition, especially in the time that food is deficienter.Seem less demanding to feed of soft-shelled turtle, actually this is not so, and the partial eclipse of soft-shelled turtle just demonstrates this point.For ensureing that soft-shelled turtle increases fast, must throw something and feed and meet the feed of its growth demand.The soft-shelled turtle green bio feed that the Linqing City Ding Ma biological feedstuff Co., Ltd related in the present invention's application produces manufactures according to soft-shelled turtle feeding habits and the research and development of growth demand, selected raw material, the each production link of strict control, have and be of high nutritive value and the feature of comprehensive nutrition, meet soft-shelled turtle under corresponding vegetative stage, the aspect such as physiological situation, the level of production is to the requirement of various nutriment.Ensure that on soft-shelled turtle energy, protein and limiting amino acid, calcium, available phosphorus, trace element and the basis of the supply of important vitamin, double and the many-sides such as the palatability of soft-shelled turtle and digestibility are considered.
The soft-shelled turtle digestive system of young children's phase is comparatively tender, and digestive function is far short of what is expected compared with adult fish, brings excessive burden for avoiding disposable a large amount of throwing to raise to its digestive system, adopts a small amount of principle repeatedly.Like this while alleviating digestive system burden, be also conducive to the abundant absorption of feed nutrition material, also can reduce the generation remaining and avoid residual bait of ight soil amount.In addition, tame and docile the raising of soft-shelled turtle feed opening is a few days ago carried out after putting in a suitable place to breed, and for making young children phase soft-shelled turtle fully adapt to feed and reflect its formation condition, therefore feedstuff feeding amount should be lacked unsuitable many, and number of times number of times of throwing something and feeding should many should not lack.Along with the progressively growth of soft-shelled turtle, soft-shelled turtle digestive system function progressively strengthens, and for avoiding the excessive amount of labour, can progressively reduce throwing and raising frequency.
The present invention adopts probiotics regulating water quality, and probiotics refers to the active bacteria formulation containing a large amount of beneficial bacterium made according to microecology principle, and what have also contains the metabolite of beneficial bacterium or add useful positive growth factor.It reaches the object of conditioner inside and outside micro-ecological environment by microorganism interphase interaction, have and maintain body internal and external environment microecological balance (or regulating body microbial state treatment), improve the feature of body health level and protection of the environment.The applicable cases of probiotics in regulating and controlling water quality shows, long-time cultivation often makes to accumulate a large amount of remaining bait, excrete wastes, plant and animal residues and the pernicious gas such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide bottom breeding water body, often causes water quality to be ruined and cultivated animals is poisoned.The metabolism of the microorganism in the water quality cleansing agent in probiotics has oxidation, ammonification, nitrated, denitrification, phosphorus decomposing, the effect such as sulfuration and fixed nitrogen, above-mentioned harmful substance can be decomposed into carbonic acid gas, nitrate, sulphate etc., both can purify water quality, and also nutriment can be provided to promote the breeding of algae for the breeding of Micro Algae.In addition, probiotics is by reducing COD and promoting that algae reproduction and growth increase water body dissolved oxygen amount.
The present invention adopts quicklime regulating water quality.Soft-shelled Turtle to highly acid and strong basicity water quality tolerance extremely strong, be that in the water body of 2.0 ~ 11.5,96h can not cause death at pH.The water quality adjustment mechanism of quicklime is, the hydroxide ion that the slaked lime dissociation that quicklime and water effect generate goes out can make water body be strong basicity, can kill pathogene and the resting spore thereof such as the water plants such as harmful animal species, moss and part microorganism, parasite that remain in the pool.Impel the organic cementing precipitation of the glue in pond waters, increase the transparency of water body; Promote the release of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc. that mud adsorbs, Chi Shui is grown fat.The precipitation of calcium carbonate that hydroxide addition calcium and carbon dioxide reaction generate is infiltrated in mud, silt structure is loosened, improves aeration condition, accelerates bacterium to the decomposition of organic matter; The carbonic acid gas, carbonic acid etc. that dissolve in calcium carbonate and water form the carbon dioxide system in water body, and this system has certain cushioning effect, can keep that pond water pH's is stable.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is by the control to water quality, daily ration, feeding quantity and biological feedstuff etc., and the high yield and high quality realizing soft-shelled turtle is produced.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: preparation bacillus licheniformis premix
1) inoculate bacillus licheniformis, inclined-plane is cultivated and is produced bacterial classification
Inclined-plane culture medium composition is: glucose 2%, peptone 0.2%, beef extract 0.5%, cottonseed cake powder 2%, dusty yeast 0.5%, (NH4)
2hPO
40.5%, K
2hPO
20.03%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.02%, NaCl 0.5%, MnSO
40.003%, agar 1.5%.
Inclined-plane condition of culture is: temperature 28 ~ 33 DEG C, incubation time 24 ~ 48h.
2) well-grown bacterium colony that inclined-plane is cultivated is chosen and carried out Shaking culture;
The medium of Shaking culture is: glucose 3%, beancake powder 1%, cottonseed cake powder 2%, peptone 0.1%, beef extract 0.5%, dusty yeast 0.5%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
Shake flask culture conditions is: rotating speed 100 ~ 300r/min, temperature 28 ~ 33 DEG C, incubation time 24 ~ 48h.
3) the free of contamination bacterial classification of bacillus licheniformis wall built-up adopting 50L seeding tank to be cultivated by shaking table carries out level liquid seed fermentation
The medium of level liquid seed fermentation is: glucose 1.5%, beancake powder 1%, cottonseed cake powder 0.5%, corn flour 0.8%, peptone 0.1%, dusty yeast 0.4%, (NH
4)
2hPO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
In earlier stage of level liquid seed fermentation require to need sterilizing for before inoculation fermentation, sterilising conditions is temperature, pressure reaches sterilizing requirement, pressurize a period of time, and before sterilizing, pH is 7 ~ 7.5, pH is 6 ~ 6.8 after sterilizing; Level liquid seed fermentation requires that inoculum concentration is 3 ~ 8%, and fermentating controling condition is tank pressure 0.1 ~ 0.4kg/cm for temperature during inoculation is 30 ~ 40 DEG C
2, throughput is 1:0.8 ~ 1:0.6 (v/v/min), tank temperature 28 ~ 33 DEG C, incubation time is 24 ~ 48h.
4) adopt 400L seeding tank by the thickness bacterium liquid of level liquid seed fermentation, microscopy carries out secondary liquid seed fermentation for forming the free of contamination bacterial classification of a large amount of gemma;
The medium component of secondary liquid seed fermentation is: glucose 2%, beancake powder 1%, corn flour 1%, cottonseed cake powder 2%, peptone 0.1%, dusty yeast 0.5%, (NH
4)
2hPO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
Secondary liquid seed fermentation requires: during inoculation, temperature is 30 ~ 40 DEG C, and inoculum concentration is 3 ~ 8%, and fermentating controling condition is tank pressure 0.1 ~ 0.4kg/cm
2, throughput is 1:0.8 ~ 1:0.6 (v/v/min), tank temperature 28 ~ 33 DEG C, incubation time is 24 ~ 48h.
5) adopt 5000L fermentation tank by the thickness bacterium liquid of secondary liquid seed fermentation, microscopy carries out three grades of liquid seeds fermentations for the free of contamination bacterial classification of a large amount of gemma of formation carries out culture transferring.
The medium component of three grades of liquid seeds fermentations is: glucose 1.5%, beancake powder 1%, cottonseed cake powder 0.5%, corn flour 0.8%, peptone 0.1%, dusty yeast 0.4%, (NH
4)
2hPO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
The early stage of three grades of liquid seeds fermentations requires as needing sterilization before inoculation fermentation, disinfection way be real tank sterilization is carried out to fermentation tank while, carry out the sterilization that pipeline inoculated by seeding tank and fermentation tank, each relevant drain tap on crack pipeline during sterilization, make whole piece pipeline unimpeded, do not become dead angle, regulate pressure 1.0 ~ 1.5kg/cm in intake valve
2, pressurize a period of time, then close each intake valve successively from A-P, cooling effect;
Culture transferring mode is poor by two tank pressures, by qualified secondary liquid kind by 3 ~ 8% inoculative proportion be pressed onto fermentation tank, pressure is kind complete, closes two tank outlet valves rapidly, then regulate pressure tank and inlet and outlet valve, start and stir part, incubation time 24 ~ 48h when tank temperature 28 ~ 33 DEG C.
6) tank is put to adopting 5000L ferment tank and meeting the requirements of bacillus;
Putting tank requirement in three grades of liquid seeds fermentations is that zymotic fluid is pollution-free, and spore content is 5.0 × 10
9more than CFU/ml, pH are 7 ~ 8, and large volume production spore; Three grades of liquid seeds fermentations require, for registration per hour tank temperature, throughput, a tank pressure etc., a period of time after inoculation, to carry out microscopy every corresponding time sampling, measure the indexs such as bacillus, Number of spores, pH value.
7) in the lichen bacillus ferments liquid, 5% lightweight CaCO is added
3stir 20-30min, measure solid content and bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content; To solid content between 25% ~ 35%, bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=6 × 10
10cFU/g;
8) each component of getting micro-capsule wall material by following weight ratio adds in deionized water, mixes, obtain stable, evenly, the micro-capsule wall material solution of low, the good fluidity of viscosity; Component and the weight ratio thereof of described micro-capsule wall material are: sodium alginate 5%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch 35%, gum Arabic 5%, maltodextrin 35%, corn syrup 20%; Add that total amount is deionized water quality 20% of described micro-capsule wall material;
9) by one batch according to step 7), 8) obtained bacillus licheniformis and wall material solution is (according to pressing X=[(B × A)/A
1] – B formulae discovery wall material addition) mixing, high pressure homogenizer, under 8000r/min, 40MPa condition, instills 2% 0.1mol/L CaCl
2solution, emulsification 5min, homogeneous twice, obtain bacillus licheniformis emulsion;
10) the bacillus licheniformis emulsion of acquisition is passed into spray drying tower, keeps charging rate 12.5 ~ 14.6mL/min, spray drying tower inlet temperature at 130 ~ 150 DEG C, outlet temperature 80 ~ 90 DEG C, shower nozzle atomizer rotating speed 20000r/min carries out spraying dry;
11) final acquisition bacillus licheniformis microcapsules pre-mixing agent.Bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=5 × 10
9cFU/g, embedding rate is 90% ~ 100%.
Embodiment 2 prepares biological feedstuff
Biological feedstuff formula (weight portion): U.S.'s White Marine fish meal 52.5, alphalise starch 16.5, expanded soybean 13.2, liver powder 0.18, yolk powder 0.038, milk powder 0.02, adhesive 0.03, lecithin 0.06, multidimensional 0.24, mineral matter 0.24, carnitine 0.02, betain 0.024, bile salt 0.016, methionine 0.036, lysine 0.036, salt 0.06, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2, Choline Chloride salt 0.36, Gluten 2, squid liver powder 2, rice protein powder 2.6, corn protein powder 2.22, fodder yeast 2.8, bacillus licheniformis premix 0.12, Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations 3.5.
Formula of Chinese materia medica preparation (weight portion): Radix Isatidis 30, honeysuckle 1.5, dandelion 0.15, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.1, rheum officinale 0.1, the coptis 4, the root of large-flowered skullcap 0.3, golden cypress 0.03.
1) according to Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations recipe requirements by each Chinese herbal medicine mixed grinding, and use high efficient mixer mix and blend;
2) secondary gas flow drying is carried out to the material after mix and blend; Described secondary gas flow drying condition is that dry run temperature controls within 60 DEG C, and mixed feed moisture controls 5% ~ 7%.
3) material carrying out secondary gas flow drying is cooled, and enter two-layer grading sieve (upper strata screen cloth is 2 × 2 orders, and lower screen is 12 × 12 orders) carry out classification through lifting, fragmentation;
4) in grading sieve, lower floor's grading sieve oversize is finished feed, to weigh packaging to finished product;
5) quality inspection is carried out to finished product, successively use vacuum packaging, peritonaeum packaging, external packing three layers of package means to pack to qualified finished product, make green bio feed.
Embodiment 3
1 materials and methods
1.1 test tank
Every greenhouse has 14 culturing pools, and culturing pool is cement pit, specification 10m × 10m, and all dark 60cm of water body, in culturing pool week, back gauge water surface 10cm place arranges the feeding hack, feeding platform, feeding tray under water of wide 50cm.
1.2 subjects
With the young soft-shelled turtle hatched then for subjects, only, cultivation density is 35/m to average weight 6.57g/
2, young soft-shelled turtle formally starts test after greenhouse cultivation pool raises and train one week.
1.3 the test period
This test was from 1 day June in 2012, and the cycle of carrying out is the culture experiment of 280 days.
1.4 test methods:
(1) culturing pool temperature control is at 28 ~ 32 DEG C; Do not change water in breeding process, the half an hour after each bait throwing in terminates carries out outdoor blowdown, carries out moisturizing after last blowdown every day terminates;
(2) quicklime and probiotics adjustment breeding water body water quality is used alternatingly; The working concentration of described quicklime is 40mg/L; Described probiotics is EM bacterium, and usage amount is for reaching 6 × 10 according to every mu of water body containing viable count
13~ 6 × 10
14cfu; Described quicklime and being used alternatingly of probiotics are spaced apart 15 days young seedling stages, 10 days young soft-shelled turtle phases;
(3) the 2nd day Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of splashing after quicklime is used;
(4) to throw something and feed in breeding process special soft-shelled turtle green bio feed; Described frequency of throwing something and feeding is the young soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00,23:00 of every day, and feeding rate is 1.6%; Children's soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00 of every day, feeding rate is 2.0%; Become the soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,18:00 of every day, feeding rate is 3%; The soft graininess that soft-shelled turtle eats is made before described soft-shelled turtle green bio feedstuff feeding.
2. result of the test
After off-test, soft-shelled turtle is carried out an acceptance inspection.From profile, soft-shelled turtle physique is healthy and strong, energy is strong.By weighing, counting, accumulative daily ration, feeding quantity, production department power consumption record, show that two groups are put in a suitable place to breed, clear out average weight (g/ is only), total inventory (kg), average daily ingestion amount (kg/d), daily gain (g/ is only), feed coefficient, water consumption (m
3), survival rate index.Specifically see the following form 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the growth rate of soft-shelled turtle can be significantly improved according to the inventive method, and feed coefficient low (feed coefficient of cultural method conventional is at present 2.0-3.0, even up to 3.0-5.0), water consumption is few, and (water consumption of cultural method conventional is at present 2500m
3), survival rate high (survival rate of cultural method conventional is at present 60-80%) is a kind of breeding soft-shell turtle technology of high yield and high quality.
Claims (4)
1. a soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method, is characterized in that,
(1) in greenhouse cultivation pool, put healthy soft-shelled turtle seed in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density controls at 35 ~ 40/m
2, culturing pool temperature control is at 28 ~ 32 DEG C; Do not change water in breeding process, the half an hour after each bait throwing in terminates carries out outdoor blowdown, carries out moisturizing after last blowdown every day terminates;
(2) quicklime and probiotics adjustment breeding water body water quality is used alternatingly; The working concentration of described quicklime is 30 ~ 50mg/L water body; Described probiotics is EM bacterium, and usage amount is for reaching 6 × 10 according to every mu of water body containing viable count
13~ 6 × 10
14cfu; Described quicklime and being used alternatingly of probiotics are spaced apart 15 ~ 20 days young seedling stages, 7 ~ 10 days young soft-shelled turtle phases;
(3) the 2nd day Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of splashing after quicklime is used; Every mu of usage amount of described each Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is: rheum officinale 2.5 ~ 5g, fresh calamus 10 ~ 12g, gall nut 2 ~ 4g, dry Chinese tallowtree leaf 2 ~ 5g, leek 20 ~ 30g, soya bean 10 ~ 20g;
(4) to throw something and feed in breeding process soft-shelled turtle feed; Described frequency of throwing something and feeding is the young soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00,23:00 of every day; Children's soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00 of every day; Become the soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,18:00 of every day;
Described soft-shelled turtle feed is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: U.S. White Marine fish meal 48-55, expanded soybean 8-15, liver powder 0.18-0.45, yolk powder 0.038-0.095, milk powder 0.02-0.05, adhesive 0.03-0.075, lecithin 0.06-0.15, multidimensional 0.24-0.6, mineral matter 0.24-0.6, carnitine 0.02-0.05, betain 0.024-0.06, bile salt 0.016-0.04, methionine 0.036-0.09, lysine 0.036-0.09, salt 0.06-0.15, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-1.5, Choline Chloride 0.3-0.8, Gluten 2.0-3.0, alphalise starch 15-20, squid liver powder 2-3, rice protein powder 2.5-3.5, corn protein powder 2-3, fodder yeast 2-3, bacillus licheniformis premix 0.08-0.12, Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations 3-3.5, described Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is made up of the bulk drug of following weight parts: Radix Isatidis 20-40, honeysuckle 1-2, dandelion 0.1-0.2, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.08-0.15, rheum officinale 0.08-0.12, coptis 3-5, root of large-flowered skullcap 0.2-0.5, golden cypress 0.01-0.1, described bacillus licheniformis premix is the microencapsulated formulation of bacillus licheniformis, its bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=5 × 10
9cFU/g, the component of the micro-capsule wall material that described microencapsulated formulation adopts and weight ratio thereof are: sodium alginate 5%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch 35%, gum Arabic 5%, maltodextrin 35%, corn syrup 20%.
2. a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 biology culture method, it is characterized in that, the using method of described Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is: by rheum officinale with 2% limewash soak 40-80 minute, fresh calamus is soaked with 2% limewash and within 10-15 hour, boils 5-15min, gall nut is ground rear boiling water and soak 10min, by the dry Chinese tallowtree leaf salt decocting juice of 3%, leek to be shredded together with soya bean, defibrination; Finally splash in water body together with water-band slag after mixing.
3. a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 biology culture method, is characterized in that, the feeding rate of described step (4) young soft-shelled turtle is 1.2 ~ 1.8%, and the feeding rate of young soft-shelled turtle is 1.8 ~ 2.6%; The feeding rate becoming soft-shelled turtle is 2.6 ~ 3.2%.
4. as a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method in claim 1-3 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, bait table is under water set at all back gauge water surface 10cm places of culturing pool and carries out bait throwing in.
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| CN107897105A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2018-04-13 | 无为众生水产有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for preventing soft-shelled turtle body surface disease |
| CN107593607A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-19 | 定远县安东种养殖专业合作社 | A kind of greenhouse cultivation method for being used to prevent and treat soft-shelled turtle parotitis |
| CN107711696A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-23 | 定远县安东种养殖专业合作社 | A kind of greenhouse cultivation method for being used to prevent and treat soft-shelled turtle balantidiasis |
| CN107836413A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-27 | 当涂县乌溪镇海平水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of method of greenhouse cultivation soft-shelled turtle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1164321A (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 1997-11-12 | 任进礼 | Quick cultured method of soft-shelled turtle in greenhouse |
| CN100409742C (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2008-08-13 | 杨月兰 | Non-pollution and ecological large-scale soft-shelled turtle culturing method |
| KR20100107742A (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-10-06 | 현대제철 주식회사 | Method and apparatus for water purification of water pond of facilities for cleaning of blast furnace gas |
| CN102669013A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-19 | 宜兴市中亚淡水生态养殖专业合作社 | Method for ecologically culturing Chinese black turtle |
| CN103125756A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 徐久春 | Traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for preventing fish disease |
| CN103330069A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-10-02 | 杭州顺升农业开发有限公司 | Chinese-herbal-medicine type feedstuff for culturing turtles |
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