CN103782886A - Greenhouse cultivating method and application of Dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Greenhouse cultivating method and application of Dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782886A CN103782886A CN201410049369.1A CN201410049369A CN103782886A CN 103782886 A CN103782886 A CN 103782886A CN 201410049369 A CN201410049369 A CN 201410049369A CN 103782886 A CN103782886 A CN 103782886A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a greenhouse cultivating method and application of Dendrobium officinale, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method includes the following steps of a matrix preparing, b cultivation bed preparing, c field planting, d greenhouse managing, e watering, f fertilizer applying and g insect disease preventing. The greenhouse cultivating method and application have the advantages of being high in survival rate, small in insect and disease and small in pesticide residue.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of greenhouse gardening method and application of dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
The stem of noble dendrobium is the orchid family Dendrobium herbaceos perennial, belongs to epiphytic orchid class.Before 1980, China only finds 57 kinds of Dendrobium Sws, and investigation is afterwards found and named 19 kinds of Dendrobium Sws, has enriched the stem of noble dendrobium germ plasm resource of China, now has 76 kinds, accounts for 5% left and right of whole world stem of noble dendrobium kind.The stem of noble dendrobium is conventional traditional Chinese medicine, particularly famous and precious dendrobium candidum, and in history, the prostatitis in the world is all walked in medicinal development and utilization.
Due to the distinguished effect of dendrobium candidum, the south east asia such as China coast and area, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Japan and American-European Chinese gather area, all adopt the stem of noble dendrobium (maple bucket) to use for tea or Baoshang material, have wide market prospects.
In the implantation methods of existing dendrobium candidum, exist survival rate low, be subject to damage by disease and insect invasion and attack serious, the shortcoming that residue of pesticide are higher.Mainly caused by following several respects: 1, can not effectively stop the harm of pathogen in ground insect or soil, cause agricultural chemicals usage amount larger; 2, use matrix too much; 3, matrix is directly placed on ground, and the phenomenon of matrix ponding is difficult to thorough solution, causes the root of dendrobium candidum in process of growth, to occur the phenomenon of rotten.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of dendrobium candidum greenhouse gardening method that survival rate is high, damage by disease and insect is few and residue of pesticide are few.
The technical solution used in the present invention is a kind of greenhouse gardening method of dendrobium candidum, and the method comprises the following steps:
A, prepare matrix: by weight, take 2～3 parts, 3～4 parts of pine barks after high-temp sterilizing and sheep excrement, after mixing as matrix;
B, preparation cultivation bed: in booth, arranging is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 80～90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire laying, then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use;
C, field planting: after candidum tissue culturing seedling is carried out disinfection, put into nutrient solution and soak, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, when plantation, make root system naturally unfold, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water;
D, greenhouse management: booth employing activity shade net, making intensity of illumination is 5000～10000Lux, and day temperature is 25～30 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 15～20 ℃, and humidity is 60%～80%;
E, water: within 1～2 week of field planting, keep described matrix in moisture state; New root waters water one time in every 1～2 day in the time of summer after sprouting, and within the winter time time every 5～7 days, waters one time water;
F, fertilising: after new root is sprouted, within every 7～9 days, spray one time Liquid Fertilizer, in the time that new root grows to 10cm～12cm, execute slow granular fertilizer;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: in booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 1～3 meter.
As preferably, in described step a, the temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 90～100 ℃, and sterilizing adopts the mode of Steam Heating or boiling heating to carry out.
As preferably, in described step b, the bedside of cultivation bed is 1.2～1.5m, and bed is long is 25～30m.
As preferably, the spacing distance in described step b between every cultivation bed is 1～1.5m.
As preferably, in described step c, the time of field planting is 3 annual～June.
As preferably, in described step c, sterilize and adopt 80% mancozeb wettable powder to carry out through 500-600 times of gained solution of water dilution.
As preferably, the time of soaking in described step c is 10～20 minutes.
The present patent application also proposes the application of a kind of described greenhouse gardening method in dendrobium candidum plantation.
In the present patent application, nutrient solution used, Liquid Fertilizer and slow granular fertilizer are all purchased from the producer with legal qualification.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1) the present invention adopts the matrix as Growth of Dendrobium candidum after pine bark fermentation, both can provide growth needed nutriment, compare the harmful substances such as existing employing meeting left drug to the matrix in dendrobium candidum, be more conducive to health.(2) the present invention adopts sheep excrement as one of matrix, and the one, can adopt organic mode to promote the growth of dendrobium candidum, avoid the poisonous and hazardous fertilization mode of existing employing; The 2nd, can reduce production costs, make the dendrobium candidum of growth environmental and ecological, be conducive to health.(3) the present invention hangs insect-sticking plate in booth, does not spray insecticide, and can effectively remove damage by disease and insect, can make does not have pesticide residue substantially in stem of noble dendrobium plant, both be conducive to the growth of the stem of noble dendrobium, be conducive to the edible of stem of noble dendrobium later stage, reached the effect of environmental protection, environmental health.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand in detail production technology of the present invention and technique effect, further introduce application of the present invention and technique effect with concrete production instance below.
Embodiment 1
By weight, take 3 parts, 3 parts of pine barks after high-temp sterilizing and sheep excrement, after mixing as matrix; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 90 ℃, and sterilizing adopts steam-heated mode to carry out.
In booth, arranging is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 85cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.4m, and bed is long is 28m; Operate and keep desired moisture level, the nutrient abundance of dendrobium candidum for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance between every cultivation bed is 1.2m.
In April, by candidum tissue culturing seedling with 80% mancozeb wettable powder after 500 times of gained solution of water dilution carry out disinfection, put into commercially available for promoting the nutrient solution of root growth to soak 15 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, when plantation, make root system naturally unfold, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, making the intensity of illumination in booth is 8000Lux, and day temperature is 28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃, and humidity is 70%; After 1 week of field planting, keep described matrix in moisture state; New root waters water one time in every 1 or 2 day in the time of summer after sprouting, and within the winter time time every 5 days, waters one time water; After new root is sprouted, within every 8 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, in the time that new root grows to 10cm～12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; In booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 2 meters.
Embodiment 2
By weight, take 2 parts, 4 parts of pine barks after high-temp sterilizing and sheep excrement, after mixing as matrix; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 100 ℃, and sterilizing adopts the mode of boiling heating to carry out.
In booth, arranging is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 80cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.2m, and bed is long is 30m; Operate and keep desired moisture level, the nutrient abundance of dendrobium candidum for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance between every cultivation bed is 1m.
In June, by candidum tissue culturing seedling with 80% mancozeb wettable powder after 600 times of gained solution of water dilution carry out disinfection, put into commercially available for promoting the nutrient solution of root growth to soak 10 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, when plantation, make root system naturally unfold, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, can make the intensity of illumination in booth is 5000Lux, and day temperature is 30 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 15 ℃, and humidity is 60%; After 2 week of field planting, keep described matrix in moisture state; New root waters water one time in every 2 days in the time of summer after sprouting, and within the winter time time every 7 days, waters one time water; After new root is sprouted, within every 7 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, in the time that new root grows to 10cm～12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; In booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 3 meters.
Embodiment 3
By weight, take 2 parts, 3 parts of pine barks after high-temp sterilizing and sheep excrement, after mixing as matrix; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 95 ℃, and sterilizing adopts the mode of boiling heating to carry out.
In booth, arranging is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.5m, and bed is long is 25m; Operate and keep desired moisture level, the nutrient abundance of dendrobium candidum for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance between every cultivation bed is 1.5m.
In March, by candidum tissue culturing seedling with 80% mancozeb wettable powder after 600 times of gained solution of water dilution carry out disinfection, put into commercially available for promoting the nutrient solution of root growth to soak 20 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, when plantation, make root system naturally unfold, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, can make the intensity of illumination in booth is 10000Lux, and day temperature is 25 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 20 ℃, and humidity is 80%; After 2 week of field planting, keep described matrix in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, in the time of summer, water water every day one time, within the winter time time every 5 days, waters one time water; After new root is sprouted, within every 9 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, in the time that new root grows to 10cm～12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; In booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 3 meters.
Embodiment 4
By weight, take 3 parts, 4 parts of pine barks after high-temp sterilizing and sheep excrement, after mixing as matrix; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 90 ℃, and sterilizing adopts the mode of boiling heating to carry out.
In booth, arranging is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.5m, and bed is long is 25m; Operate and keep desired moisture level, the nutrient abundance of dendrobium candidum for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance between every cultivation bed is 1.4m.
In May, by candidum tissue culturing seedling with 80% mancozeb wettable powder after 600 times of gained solution of water dilution carry out disinfection, put into commercially available for promoting the nutrient solution of root growth to soak 18 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, when plantation, make root system naturally unfold, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, can make the intensity of illumination in booth is 9000Lux, and day temperature is 26 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃, and humidity is 70%; After 1 week of field planting, keep described matrix in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, in the time of summer, water water every day one time, within the winter time time every 6 days, waters one time water; After new root is sprouted, within every 8 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, in the time that new root grows to 10cm～12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; In booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 3 meters.
Embodiment 5-8
Except respectively the sheep excrement in embodiment 1 being changed to horsehit, cow dung, pig manure and human excrement, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 9-12
Except respectively the pine bark in embodiment 1 being changed to pine, eucalyptus barks, willow bark and cypress skin, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 13
Omit the high-temp sterilizing in embodiment 1, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 14-19
Except respectively by the cultivation bed arranging in embodiment 1, overhead highly become 40cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm, 100cm, 110cm, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums in booth.
Embodiment 20
Omit the candidum tissue culturing seedling after sterilization in embodiment 1 and put into the step that nutrient solution soaks, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 21-24
Except changing intensity of illumination in embodiment 1 into 3000Lux, 4000Lux, 11000Lux, 12000Lux respectively, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 25-29
Except changing day temperature in embodiment 1 into 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 24 ℃, 32 ℃ and 35 ℃ respectively, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 30-34
Except changing nocturnal temperature in embodiment 1 into 10 ℃, 12 ℃, 14 ℃, 22 ℃ and 25 ℃ respectively, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 35
Omit the step e in embodiment 1, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 36
Omit the step f in embodiment 1, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
Embodiment 37
Omit the step g in embodiment 1, all the other planting patterns identical with embodiment 1 plantation dendrobium candidums.
The comparison of the various embodiments described above to dendrobium candidum survival rate, month growing way, two months growing ways, three months growing ways, 6 months growing ways, damage by disease and insect and residue of pesticide, in table 1.
Table 1
| Embodiment | Survival rate | January growing way | February growing way | March growing way | June growing way | Damage by disease and insect | Residue of pesticide |
| 1 | 96% | Fine | Fine | Fine | Fine | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 2 | 98% | Fine | Fine | Fine | Fine | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 3 | 97% | Fine | Fine | Fine | Fine | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 4 | 98% | Fine | Fine | Fine | Fine | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 5-8 | 86% | Good | Poor | Poor | Very poor | Have | Detect |
| 9-12 | 88% | Good | Poor | Poor | Poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 13 | 61% | Poor | Very poor | Very poor | Very poor | Have | Do not detect |
| 14-19 | 90% | Fine | Good | Good | Poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 20 | 76% | Good | Poor | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 21-24 | 82% | Good | Poor | Poor | Poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 25-29 | 79% | Good | Poor | Poor | Poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 30-34 | 76% | Good | Poor | Poor | Poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 35 | 63% | Poor | Poor | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 36 | 57% | Poor | Poor | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 37 | 65% | Poor | Poor | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
As can be seen from the above table, adopt the embodiment 1-4 of the inventive method, dendrobium candidum survival rate is high, be more than 95%, and growing way is fine, and without damage by disease and insect, gained dendrobium candidum, through Detecting Pesticide, does not all detect.
Embodiment 5-8, is replaced by other ight soil by sheep excrement, occurs damage by disease and insect, and survival rate is 86% left and right, and growing way presents the situation of successively decreasing, may with the nutrition condition of ight soil, relevant containing sex pheromone etc. in ight soil.In the ight soil of Omnivore, contain a large amount of sex pheromones, can have influence on the growth of dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 9-12, is changed to other material by pine bark, and the survival rate of dendrobium candidum is 88% left and right, and growing way is poor.In the time adopting pine, eucalyptus barks, willow bark and cypress skin as matrix, rotproofness and water imbibition are bad, easily make dendrobium candidum root ponding and bacteria infection, thereby survival rate is reduced, and growing way is also poor.
Embodiment 13, omit the step of pine bark and sheep excrement being carried out to high-temp sterilizing, the survival rate of dendrobium candidum is only 61%, compare embodiment 1-4, sharply decline, and growing way is very poor, leaf is sallow, easily bacteria infection, or (with) because pine bark and sheep excrement do not pass through the fermentation process of high-temp sterilizing, the reason that fertility is low.
Embodiment 14-19, is adjusted to cultivation bed height overhead outside 80-90cm, and survival rate is 90% left and right, and growing way is variation month by month, overhead lower easy trouble insect pest, and the higher personnel of being difficult for operate.
Embodiment 20, has omitted the step that nutrient solution soaks, and survival rate is 76%, and growing way is variation gradually, and root development is bad, can not absorb well nutrient.
Embodiment 21-24, is adjusted to intensity of illumination outside 5000～10000Lux, and survival rate is 82%, and intensity of illumination too by force or too, all can have influence on the growing way of dendrobium candidum, even causes dendrobium candidum directly dead.
Embodiment 25-29, is adjusted to day temperature outside 25-30 ℃, and survival rate is 79%, and the higher or lower growing way that all can have influence on dendrobium candidum of temperature even causes dendrobium candidum directly dead.
Embodiment 30-34, is adjusted to nocturnal temperature outside 15-20 ℃, and survival rate is 76%, and the higher or lower growing way that all can have influence on dendrobium candidum of temperature even causes dendrobium candidum directly dead.
Embodiment 35, has omitted step e, and survival rate is 63%, compares embodiment 1-4, sharply decline, illustrate between field planting and Xin Gen sprouting period, water to dendrobium candidum survive and growing way create a great impression.
Embodiment 36, has omitted step f, and survival rate is 57%, compares embodiment 1-4, sharply declines, illustrate after new root is sprouted fertilising to dendrobium candidum survive and growing way is created a great impression.
Embodiment 37, has omitted step g, and survival rate is 65%, compares embodiment 1-4, sharply decline, illustrate in booth, hang insect-sticking plate to dendrobium candidum survive and growing way create a great impression.
Finally it should be noted that, above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those skilled in the art are to be understood that, still can modify or be equal to replacement the present invention, and not departing from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a greenhouse gardening method for dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A, prepare matrix: by weight, take 2～3 parts, 3～4 parts of pine barks after high-temp sterilizing and sheep excrement, after mixing as matrix;
B, preparation cultivation bed: in booth, arranging is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 80～90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire laying, then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use;
C, field planting: after candidum tissue culturing seedling is carried out disinfection, put into nutrient solution and soak, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, when plantation, make root system naturally unfold, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water;
D, greenhouse management: booth employing activity shade net, making intensity of illumination is 5000～10000Lux, and day temperature is 25～30 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 15～20 ℃, and humidity is 60%～80%;
E, water: within 1～2 week of field planting, keep described matrix in moisture state; New root waters water one time in every 1～2 day in the time of summer after sprouting, and within the winter time time every 5～7 days, waters one time water;
F, fertilising: after new root is sprouted, within every 7～9 days, spray one time Liquid Fertilizer, in the time that new root grows to 10cm～12cm, execute slow granular fertilizer;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: in booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 1～3 meter.
2. the greenhouse gardening method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step a, the temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 90～100 ℃, and sterilizing adopts the mode of Steam Heating or boiling heating to carry out.
3. the greenhouse gardening method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step b, the bedside of cultivation bed is 1.2～1.5m, and bed is long is 25～30m.
4. the greenhouse gardening method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the spacing distance in described step b between every cultivation bed is 1～1.5m.
5. the greenhouse gardening method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step c, the time of field planting is 3 annual～June.
6. the greenhouse gardening method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step c, sterilization adopts 80% mancozeb wettable powder to carry out through 500-600 times of gained solution of water dilution.
7. the greenhouse gardening method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the time of soaking in described step c is 10～20 minutes.
8. the application in dendrobium candidum plantation based on greenhouse gardening method described in any one in claim 1-7.
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| CN104094785A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-10-15 | 无锡双喜金阳生物科技有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling ecological cultivation environments for dendrobium officinale |
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