CN103769826A - Precise forming method for cylindrical straight gear and device thereof - Google Patents
Precise forming method for cylindrical straight gear and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103769826A CN103769826A CN201410025419.2A CN201410025419A CN103769826A CN 103769826 A CN103769826 A CN 103769826A CN 201410025419 A CN201410025419 A CN 201410025419A CN 103769826 A CN103769826 A CN 103769826A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a precise forming method for a cylindrical straight gear and a device thereof, and aims to solve the problem of inconsistent equipment and technology in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) determining the cylindrical blank (2) of a gear, and baiting according to the size; 2) installing and debugging a die on an adjustable hydraulic press which is in double acting on the top and the bottom; 3) according to the material of the cylindrical blank (2), determining and heating the cylindrical blank (2) to a determined temperature value; 4) primarily forming the heated cylindrical blank (2) into a long tooth-shaped tooth blank (9); 5) precisely forming the primarily formed long tooth-shaped tooth blank (9) into a standard involute cylindrical straight gear; 6) conveying the standard involute cylindrical straight gear which is formed by precise forming into a thermoplastic precise forming nitrogen protection anti-oxidation system, and cooling to the normal temperature; 7) sawing a formed big-thickness involute cylindrical straight gear into a plurality of cylindrical straight gear with the set thickness or single formed small and medium thickness involute cylindrical straight gear by a band saw, and entering a machining working procedure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that belongs to Plastic Precise Forming of Metal technical field, or rather, the present invention relates to a kind of metal cylinder spur gear essence manufacturing process.
Background technology
Gear is the vital part in machine driving, particularly spur gear wheel, consumption is larger, by traditional Machining Technology for Cutting, stock utilization and working (machining) efficiency are low, cost is high, the fibr tissue that has destroyed metal, has reduced mechanical performance, all the more so for the spur gear wheel of medium size and modulus requirement.In spur gear wheel plastic forming process, because forming pressure is vertical with profile of tooth rheology direction, be unfavorable for flowing of deformable metal, this has just increased shaping difficulty greatly, shaping load sharply rises, and particularly profile of tooth top is difficult to be full of, tooth root part easily produces micro-crack.In order to solve the self-regulated compound plasticity shaping equipment of frame for movement and hydraulic system, Jilin University has applied for Chinese invention patent, its notification number is CN1290690C, the day for announcing is on December 20th, 2006, the patent No. is ZL200410010699.6, and denomination of invention is " being up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press ".Because this hydraulic press has designed the lower combined shaping structure of the upper combined shaping structure of master cylinder and gas-liquid accumulator, lower moved cross beam and liftout tank, and upper and lower pressure-pad-force is all adjustable, swollen composite precision shaping is squeezed in the upsetting pressure that is specially adapted to spur gear wheel, as shown in Figure 6.In the time that spur gear wheel is shaped, first tooth base is placed in to the die on workbench, start and be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press, master cylinder piston moves down, moved cross beam in promotion, promoting slide block through flanging cylinder plug moves down, act on and be just shaped on upper upsetting pressure punch through slide block, realize flanging function with upsetting pressure punch under the first shaping being located on lower moved cross beam simultaneously, in the time that the pressure of edge mould reaches setting value, due to the gas-liquid coordinative role of gas-liquid accumulator internal pressure, the upper moved cross beam of master cylinder piston continuation promotion moves down on the one hand, the upper crowded swollen punch that simultaneously makes to be just shaped moves down, on the other hand, be located under the first shaping on liftout tank plunger and squeeze swollen punch and move under the effect of liftout tank, the upper crowded swollen punch of just shaping and the lower crowded swollen punch of just shaping are pressed into the center of cylindrical blank simultaneously, make cylindrical blank outer swollen, the direction that acts on tooth base bulging power is consistent with the rheology direction of tooth base profile of tooth, this just greatly reduces the shaping load of gear, thereby has significantly reduced the equipment tonnage of hydraulic press.Solve the plant issue of spur gear wheel Plastic Forming although " be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press ", but along with the further raising of formed gear mechanical performance and dimension precision requirement, be badly in need of in conjunction with former, technique being innovated, to reach the best fit of technology and equipment, the plastic precision forming of equal modulus and dimensional requirement spur gear wheel in meeting.
Along with the development of Modern Manufacturing Technology and process technology, the shape of workpiece becomes increasingly complex, and the requirement of stock utilization is more and more higher, in the time of these workpiece of Plastic Forming, first needs to solve accurate cutting stock problems according to plastic deformation Volume conservation law.For this reason, Jilin University has applied for Chinese invention patent, and its notification number is CN1181318C, and the day for announcing is on December 22nd, 2004, and the patent No. is ZL01138762.9, and denomination of invention is " volume measuring instrument of arbitrary shape workpiece ", as shown in Figure 7.Because the proportion of workpiece for measurement is greater than water, workpiece for measurement is contained in nylon wire, is directly suspended on the end of nylon yarn, and act on pulling force sensor, according to data that pulling force sensor is surveyed, and according to Archimedes principle, just can accurately record the volume of complex part.
Under middle high temperature and middle cryogenic conditions, although the oxidation affects of metal and alloy reduces greatly, but raw material, contaminated environment have not only been wasted in oxidation, and have a strong impact on dimensional accuracy, surface quality and the die life of drip molding, all the more so for ferrous metal and alloy.In order to prevent middle high temperature or middle low-temperature oxidation, Jilin University has applied for Chinese invention patent, and its notification number is CN1260023C; the day for announcing is on June 21st, 2006; the patent No. is ZL200410010994.1, and denomination of invention is " thermoplastic precise forming nitrogen protection oxidation preventing system ", as shown in Figure 8.Thermoplastic precise forming nitrogen protection oxidation preventing system is by nitrogen dynamic sealing means, cooling duct protection nitrogen chamber, recirculated water cooling cover, water circulating pump composition, the rear and front end of nitrogen cooling duct is advance compression ring and the laggard compression ring of nitrogen dynamic seal (packing) of nitrogen dynamic seal (packing), be provided with equably the nitrogen dynamic seal (packing) of tilting to the axis jet aperture of compression ring that advances along the advance inner periphery of compression ring and the laggard compression ring of nitrogen dynamic seal (packing) of nitrogen dynamic seal (packing), the jet aperture of the laggard compression ring of nitrogen dynamic seal (packing), one road nitrogen by cooling duct nitrogen dynamic seal (packing) before air inlet pipe and the laggard tracheae of cooling duct nitrogen dynamic seal (packing) input respectively nitrogen dynamic seal (packing) advance compression ring and the laggard compression ring of nitrogen dynamic seal (packing), dynamic seal (packing) is implemented in nitrogen cooling duct, another route cooling duct protection nitrogen chamber air inlet pipe enters cooling duct protection nitrogen chamber, the periphery of cooling duct protection nitrogen chamber is recirculated water cooling cover, water circulating pump is communicated with recirculated water cooling cover, thereby realize the nitrogen protection of workpiece and cooling, the workpiece after essence is shaped is chilled to room temperature in cooling duct protection nitrogen chamber.
In summary, although three patent of invention (ZL200410010699.6 of Jilin University's application, ZL01138762.9, ZL200410010994.1) contribute to the plastic precision forming of spur gear wheel, but these are applied for to the equipment complex of patent of invention is for the technique of spur gear wheel temperature plastic precision forming, and make equipment and process obtain best fit, remain in problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to have overcome the equipment and technology problem not in tune that prior art exists, and a kind of metal cylinder spur gear essence manufacturing process is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the step of described spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process is as follows:
1. determine the cylindrical blank size of gear and press size blanking:
Adopt the volume of " arbitrary shape workpiece volume measuring instrument " prototype gear part, according to Volume conservation law, and consider the surplus that following process is required, determine radius and the height of cylindrical blank, utilize band sawing machine by size blanking;
2. mould is in the installation and debugging that are up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press;
3. the material of selecting according to cylindrical blank is as 40Cr or 45
#steel is determined the temperature value of 600 ℃～800 ℃ of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace heating, implements the temperature value that in spur gear wheel, high-temp plastic is just shaped, and cylindrical blank is placed in to Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace and is heated to the temperature value of setting;
4. the cylindrical blank that is heated to middle high-temperature temperature value is sent in the first female die for forming that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1, realizes dynamic recrystallization, cylindrical blank is just configured as to the i.e. long profile of tooth tooth base of long profile of tooth spur gear wheel;
5. the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped is grown to profile of tooth tooth base and be sent in the smart female die for forming that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2, at 450 ℃～600 ℃, the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped is grown to profile of tooth tooth base essence and be configured as the standard involute spur gear wheel of considering cold allowance for finish;
6. the standard involute spur gear wheel essence of considering cold allowance for finish being shaped reaches in " thermoplastic precise forming nitrogen protection oxidation preventing system " and is cooled to normal temperature, completes simultaneously and replys and solutionizing;
7. become the spur gear wheel of multiple setting thickness with band saw sawing for the involute spur gear wheel of the large thickness that is shaped, or with being with stepped crowded swollen punch and being with the stepped lower swollen punch that squeezes, by single medium and small thickness spur gear wheel, be shaped as the involute spur gear wheel of center with matrix step, proceed to subsequently machine finishing operation.
Mould described in technical scheme refers in the installation and debugging that are up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press:
1) installation and debugging that are just shaped mould used and are being up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1:
(1) first shaping mould used comprises that just female die for forming, first be shaped above upsetting pressure punch, first shaping are above squeezed upsetting pressure punch, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover and first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover under swollen punch, the lower crowded swollen punch of first shaping, just shaping;
(2) just female die for forming is contained in first female die for forming Pre-stress cover, the first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover of just female die for forming Pre-stress cover employing is fixed on and is up and down for No. 1 on two moving adjustable hydraulic press beds, in the time of the first female die for forming of assembling, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover is heated to design temperature, then the first female die for forming under cold state is pressed in first female die for forming Pre-stress cover, in the time that first female die for forming Pre-stress cover is chilled to first forming temperature, due to the just cooling contraction of female die for forming Pre-stress cover, just first female die for forming is produced to pretension stress;
(3) the axis of rotation conllinear of crowded swollen punch under swollen punch, first shaping, the lower upsetting pressure punch of just shaping, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover and first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover is above squeezed in first female die for forming, first be shaped above upsetting pressure punch, just shaping;
2) installation and debugging that essence is shaped mould used and is being up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2:
(1) the smart mould used that is shaped comprises upsetting pressure punch, smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover and smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover under smart female die for forming, the upper upsetting pressure punch of smart shaping, the smart above crowded swollen punch that is shaped, the lower crowded swollen punch of essence shaping, smart shaping;
(2) smart female die for forming is to be contained in smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover, essence female die for forming Pre-stress cover is to be fixed on the workbench that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2 by smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover, in the time of the smart female die for forming of assembling, smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover is heated to design temperature, then the smart female die for forming under cold state is pressed in smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover, in the time that smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover is chilled to smart forming temperature, due to the cooling contraction of smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover, just smart female die for forming is produced to pretension stress;
(3) smart female die for forming, the upper upsetting pressure punch of essence shaping, the upper crowded swollen punch of essence shaping, essence are squeezed the axis of rotation conllinear of swollen punch, smart be shaped lower upsetting pressure punch, smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover and smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover under being shaped.
The step of long profile of tooth tooth base is as follows for long profile of tooth spur gear wheel that cylindrical blank is just configured as described in technical scheme:
1) cylindrical blank is placed in the first female die for forming on the workbench that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1;
2) start and be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1, master cylinder piston moves down, in promotion, moved cross beam moves down, flanging cylinder plug also promotes slide block simultaneously and moves down, being contained in upsetting pressure punch in the first shaping on slide block compresses cylindrical blank, meanwhile, under the first shaping on lower moved cross beam, under the support of upsetting pressure punch, the upper upsetting pressure punch that is just shaped compresses cylindrical blank with the lower upsetting pressure punch that is just shaped simultaneously;
3) upper moved cross beam continues descending, be contained in the first shaping of moved cross beam and squeeze swollen punch and under the first shaping being contained on liftout tank plunger, squeeze the swollen relative center that is pressed into cylindrical blank of punch while, cylindrical blank is produced and squeezes expansive force along profile of tooth rheology direction, realized long profile of tooth spur gear wheel long profile of tooth tooth base be just shaped at middle high temperature, carry out dynamic recrystallization simultaneously.
At 450 ℃～600 ℃, the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped is grown to profile of tooth tooth base essence to be configured as the step of standard involute spur gear wheel as follows described in technical scheme:
1) the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped being grown to profile of tooth tooth base is placed in the smart female die for forming on the workbench that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2;
2) start and be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2, master cylinder piston moves down, in promotion, moved cross beam moves down, flanging cylinder plug also promotes slide block simultaneously and moves down, the upper upsetting pressure punch of essence shaping being contained on slide block will be grown profile of tooth tooth base compression, meanwhile, under the essence on lower moved cross beam is shaped, under the support of upsetting pressure punch, the smart upper upsetting pressure punch that is shaped will be grown profile of tooth tooth base with the lower upsetting pressure mould of essence shaping simultaneously and compress;
3) upper moved cross beam continues descending, be contained in the above crowded swollen punch of essence shaping of moved cross beam and be contained in crowded swollen punch under the essence shaping on liftout tank plunger and be pressed into long profile of tooth Chi Pi center simultaneously, the upper crowded swollen punch of essence shaping and the lower crowded swollen punch of essence shaping are grown profile of tooth tooth base to the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel of first shaping and are produced crowded expansive force along profile of tooth rheology direction, realized long profile of tooth spur gear wheel the essence of the long tooth in long profile of tooth tooth base under middle low temperature be shaped, carry out dynamic and Static Recrystallization simultaneously.
The first female die for forming adopting in a kind of spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process is a disc-like structural member, just female die for forming is provided with the inner chamber that adds section chief's profile of tooth tooth base, just the profile of tooth of female die for forming inner chamber is that long profile of tooth is isosceles trapezoid, the tooth top diameter of long profile of tooth tooth base and the tip diameter R of smart shaping spur gear wheel
a1identical, A point is the intersection point of the long tooth flank of tooth in smart shaping spur gear wheel outside circle and long profile of tooth tooth base, B point is the intersection point of the long tooth flank of tooth in smart shaping spur gear wheel root circle and long profile of tooth tooth base, A point is connected with straight line with B point and extends and the root circle of long profile of tooth tooth base intersects at C point, the root diameter R of long profile of tooth tooth base
f1be less than the root diameter R of smart shaping spur gear wheel
f2, i.e. R
f1< R
f2, determine R according to Volume conservation law
f1.
Compared with prior art the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. in spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention, adopt " being up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press " Plastic Forming, due to spur gear wheel squeeze the direction of expansive force and the rheology direction of the form of gear tooth consistent, significantly reduced shaping load, greatly reduced the tonnage of hydraulic press.Adopt " arbitrary shape workpiece volume measuring instrument " to determine cylindrical blank size, significantly improved forming efficiency and stock utilization;
2. in spur gear wheel of the present invention essence manufacturing process, adopt warm, Wen Leng, dynamic recrystallization and Static Recrystallization can make metallographic pattern and the microstructure of metal gear improve, to improve the mechanical performance of formed gear;
3. in spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention, adopt warm cold plasticity essence shaping and naturally cooling in nitrogen protection, can realize low or non oxidizing plastic precision forming, and further improve the mechanical performance of formed gear with the matched well of reply and solutionizing;
4. in spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention, die is located in prestressing force protective sleeve, has improved the stress of die, improved its service life, saved expensive mold materials.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated:
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for adopting spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process shaping spur gear wheel of the present invention upsetting pressure to squeeze the first shaping schematic diagram of swollen compound crown temperature temperature plasticity;
Fig. 3 is for adopting spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention processing to squeeze swollen compound middle low temperature temperature plastic precision forming schematic diagram with the upsetting pressure of the single thickness spur gear wheel of step;
Fig. 4 is for adopting in spur gear wheel of the present invention essence manufacturing process shaping spur gear wheel high temperature temperature plasticity be just shaped long profile of tooth tooth base geometry and dimensional drawing;
Fig. 5 is for adopting low temperature temperature plastic precision forming gear geometry and dimensional drawing in spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process shaping spur gear wheel of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is up and down two moving adjustable just shaping hydraulic machines for No. 1 and is up and down pair structure diagram of moving adjustable smart shaping hydraulic machines for No. 2 for what adopt in spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention;
The structural representation of the volume measuring instrument that Fig. 7 is the arbitrary shape workpiece that adopts in spur gear wheel of the present invention essence manufacturing process;
The nitrogen protection antioxidation system structural representation of Fig. 8 for adopting in spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention;
Wherein: 1. first female die for forming, 2. cylindrical blank, 3. upper upsetting pressure punch is just shaped, 4. the upper swollen punch that squeezes is just shaped, 5. the lower swollen punch that squeezes is just shaped, 6. lower upsetting pressure punch is just shaped, 7. first female die for forming Pre-stress cover, 8. smart female die for forming, 9. grow profile of tooth tooth base, 10. the upper upsetting pressure punch of essence shaping, 11. essences are shaped and above squeeze swollen punch, under being shaped, 12. essences squeeze swollen punch, upsetting pressure punch under 13. essences are shaped, 14. smart female die for forming Pre-stress covers, 15. first formed tooth base profiles of tooth, 16. smart formed gear profiles of tooth, 17. master cylinder pistons, moved cross beam on 18., 19. flanging cylinder plugs, 20. slide blocks, 21. times moved cross beams, 22. liftout tank plungers, 23. workbench, 24. first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed covers, 25. gas-liquid accumulators, 26. workpieces for measurement, 27. nylon wires, 28. nylon yarns, 29. pulling force sensors, workpiece after 30. essences are shaped, the 31. nitrogen dynamic seal (packing)s compression ring that advances, air inlet pipe before 32. cooling duct nitrogen dynamic seal (packing)s, the 33. nitrogen dynamic seal (packing)s jet aperture of compression ring that advances, 34. recirculated water cooling covers, 35. cooling duct protection nitrogen chamber, air inlet pipe after 36. cooling duct nitrogen dynamic seal (packing)s, the laggard compression ring of 37. nitrogen dynamic seal (packing), the jet aperture of the laggard compression ring of 38. nitrogen dynamic seal (packing), the outlet pipe of 39. cyclic water jackets, 40. water circulating pumps, the water inlet pipe of 41. cyclic water jackets, 42. cooling duct protection nitrogen chamber air inlet pipe.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is explained in detail:
The present invention proposes a kind of spur gear wheel method that warm cold plasticity essence is shaped under the just shaping of the lower warm plasticity of middle high temperature (600 ℃-800 ℃) and middle low temperature (450 ℃-600 ℃) that material is 40Cr or 45# steel, and the main characteristics of this invention is the optimum Match of building mortion and forming technology.Spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention, according to Volume conservation law, is determined die design in conjunction with the cylindrical blank 2 of spur gear wheel; Frequency Induction Heating; Be up and down on double action hydraulic press be shaped and nitrogen protection cooling device in cooling.The middle high temperature temperature plasticity that spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process of the present invention completes spur gear wheel in conjunction with building mortion is just shaped and the shaping of middle low temperature essence; and carry out dynamic recrystallization, complete dynamic recrystallization and Static Recrystallization in smart forming process in first forming process, complete and reply and solutionizing in nitrogen protection cooling procedure.
Consult Fig. 1, the step of the essence of the spur gear wheel for middle equal modulus and dimensional requirement manufacturing process of the present invention is as follows:
1. determine the cylindrical blank size of gear and press size blanking:
Adopt the volume of " arbitrary shape workpiece volume measuring instrument " prototype gear part, according to Volume conservation law, and consider the surplus that following process is required, determine radius and the height of cylindrical blank 2, utilize band sawing machine by size blanking;
2. mould is in the installation and debugging that are up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press:
1) installation and debugging that are just shaped mould used and are being up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1:
(1) consult Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the mould used that is just shaped comprises that just female die for forming 1, first be shaped above upsetting pressure punch 3, first shaping are above squeezed upsetting pressure punch 6, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7 and first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover 24 under swollen punch 4, the lower crowded swollen punch 5 of first shaping, just shaping.
Described first female die for forming 1 is a disc-like structural member, just female die for forming 1 is provided with the inner chamber (die cavity) that adds section chief's profile of tooth tooth base 9, just the profile of tooth of female die for forming 1 inner chamber is that long profile of tooth is isosceles trapezoid, the tooth top diameter of long profile of tooth tooth base 9 and the tip diameter R of smart shaping spur gear wheel
a1identical, in Fig. 4, A point be smart shaping spur gear wheel outside circle with long profile of tooth tooth base 9 in the intersection point of the long tooth flank of tooth, B point be the intersection point of the long tooth flank of tooth in smart shaping spur gear wheel root circle and length profile of tooth tooth base 9, A point is connected with straight line with B point and extends and length profile of tooth root circle intersects at C point.The root diameter R of long profile of tooth tooth base 9
f1be less than the root diameter R of smart shaping spur gear wheel
f2, i.e. R
f1< R
f2, its value can be determined according to Volume conservation law.
(2) installation and debugging that mould used is being on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1 up and down that are just shaped:
Consult Fig. 6, just be shaped the used structure that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1 and mould structure as shown in the figure, just female die for forming 1 is to be contained in first female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7, just female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7 is to adopt just female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover 24 to be fixed on workbench 23, in the time of the first female die for forming 1 of assembling, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7 is heated to design temperature, then the first female die for forming 1 under cold state is pressed in first female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7, in the time that first female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7 is chilled to first forming temperature, due to the just cooling contraction of female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7, just first female die for forming 1 has been produced to pretension stress.
(3) the axis of rotation conllinear of crowded swollen punch 5 under swollen punch 4, first shaping, the lower upsetting pressure punch 6 of just shaping, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover 7 and first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover 24 is above squeezed in first female die for forming 1, first be shaped above upsetting pressure punch 3, just shaping, meanwhile, just the axis of rotation of shaping mould therefor be up and down pair longitudinal axis of symmetry conllinear of moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1.
2) installation and debugging that essence is shaped mould used and is being up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2:
(1) consult Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, the smart mould used that is shaped comprises upsetting pressure punch 13, smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover 14 and smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover under smart female die for forming 8, the upper upsetting pressure punch 10 of smart shaping, the smart above crowded swollen punch 11 that is shaped, the lower crowded swollen punch 12 of essence shaping, smart shaping.The inner chamber profile of tooth of described smart female die for forming 8 is standard tooth form, i.e. standard involute profile.
(2) installation and debugging that essence is shaped mould used and is being up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2:
Consult Fig. 6, the structure that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2 that smart shaping is used and mould structure are as shown in the figure, wherein essence is shaped and used is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2 and to be up and down pair moving adjustable hydraulic press structures No. 1 identical, essence female die for forming 8 is to be contained in smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover 14, and smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover 14 is to be fixed on workbench 23 by smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover.In the time of the smart female die for forming 8 of assembling, smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover 14 is heated to design temperature, then the smart female die for forming 8 under cold state is pressed in smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover 14, in the time that smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover 14 is chilled to smart forming temperature, due to the cooling contraction of smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover 14, just smart female die for forming 8 is produced to pretension stress.
(3) smart female die for forming (8), the upper upsetting pressure punch (10) of essence shaping, the upper crowded swollen punch (11) of essence shaping, essence are squeezed the axis of rotation conllinear of swollen punch (12), smart be shaped lower upsetting pressure punch (13), smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14) and smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover under being shaped, meanwhile, the axis of rotation of smart shaping mould therefor and be up and down longitudinal axis of symmetry conllinear of two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2.
3. the alloy material of selecting according to cylindrical blank 2 (for example: 40Cr or 45
#steel) determine middle high temperature (600 ℃～800 ℃) temperature value of the dynamic recrystallization that utilizes Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace heating, implement the temperature value that in spur gear wheel, high-temp plastic is just shaped, cylindrical blank 2 is placed in to Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace, is heated to the temperature value of setting;
4. the cylindrical blank 2 that is heated to middle high-temperature temperature value is sent in the first female die for forming 1 that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1, at 600 ℃～800 ℃, realize dynamic recrystallization and complete middle high-temp plastic and be just shaped, cylindrical blank 2 is just configured as to the i.e. long profile of tooth tooth base 9 of long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being up and down for No. 1 on two moving adjustable hydraulic press by means of first shaping dies;
Utilize be up and down for No. 1 two moving adjustable hydraulic press be just shaped long profile of tooth spur gear wheel the step of long profile of tooth tooth base 9 be:
1) cylindrical blank 2 is placed in the first female die for forming 1 on the workbench 23 that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1;
2) start and be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1, master cylinder piston 17 moves down, in promotion, moved cross beam 18 moves down, flanging cylinder plug 19 also promotes slide block 20 simultaneously and moves down, being contained in upsetting pressure punch 3 in the first shaping on slide block 20 compresses cylindrical blank 2, meanwhile, under the first shaping on lower moved cross beam 21, under the support of upsetting pressure punch 6, the upper upsetting pressure punch 3 that is just shaped compresses cylindrical blank 2 with the lower upsetting pressure punch 6 that is just shaped simultaneously;
3) upper moved cross beam 18 continues descending, be contained in and in the first shaping of moved cross beam 18, squeeze swollen punch 4, with the crowded swollen punch 5 relative center that is pressed into cylindrical blank 2 simultaneously under the first shaping being contained on liftout tank plunger 22, cylindrical blank 2 is produced and squeezes expansive force along profile of tooth rheology direction, realized long profile of tooth spur gear wheel long profile of tooth tooth base 9 be just shaped at middle high temperature, carry out dynamic recrystallization simultaneously;
5. the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped being grown to profile of tooth tooth base 9 is sent in the smart female die for forming 8 being up and down for No. 2 on two moving adjustable hydraulic press, at 450 ℃～600 ℃, realize dynamic and Static Recrystallization simultaneously, the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped is grown to profile of tooth tooth base 9 essences and be configured as the standard involute spur gear wheel of considering cold allowance for finish, be up and down for No. 2 on two moving adjustable hydraulic press by means of smart shaping dies by the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped long profile of tooth tooth base 9 essences be configured as the standard involute spur gear wheel of the cold allowance for finish of consideration,
Utilize the step of the standard involute spur gear wheel that is up and down the cold allowance for finish of two moving adjustable hydraulic press essence shaping consideration for No. 2 to be:
1) the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped being grown to profile of tooth tooth base 9 is placed in the smart female die for forming 8 on the workbench 23 that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2;
2) start and be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2, master cylinder piston 17 moves down, in promotion, moved cross beam 18 moves down, flanging cylinder plug 19 also promotes slide block 20 simultaneously and moves down, being contained in essence on the slide block 20 upper upsetting pressure punch 10 that is shaped will grow profile of tooth tooth base 9 and compress, meanwhile, under the essence on lower moved cross beam 21 is shaped, under the support of upsetting pressure punch 13, the smart upper upsetting pressure punch 10 that is shaped will be grown profile of tooth tooth base 9 with the lower upsetting pressure punch 13 of essence shaping simultaneously and compress;
3) upper moved cross beam 18 continues descending, the essence that is contained in moved cross beam 18 is shaped and upper squeeze swollen punch 11 and be contained in essence on the liftout tank plunger 22 lower center of squeezing swollen punch 12 and be pressed into simultaneously long profile of tooth tooth base 9 that is shaped, the upper crowded swollen punch 11 of essence shaping and the lower crowded swollen punch 12 of essence shaping are grown profile of tooth tooth base 9 to the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel of first shaping and are produced crowded expansive force along profile of tooth rheology direction, realized long profile of tooth spur gear wheel the upsetting squeeze essence of the long tooth in long profile of tooth tooth base 9 under middle low temperature be shaped, carry out dynamic and Static Recrystallization simultaneously.
Because crowded expansive force direction is consistent with tooth profile metal rheology direction, the spur gear wheel of better mechanical property can be shaped under lower shaping load, and significantly reduced the tonnage of hydraulic press, be particularly suitable for the warm plastic precision forming of the spur gear wheel of middle equal modulus and dimensional requirement.Under middle high temperature in first female die for forming 1, be just shaped, be conducive to dynamic recrystallization, under the middle low temperature in smart female die for forming 8, essence is shaped, and can also proceed dynamic and Static Recrystallization.
6. standard involute spur gear wheel fine finishining being shaped reaches in " thermoplastic precise forming nitrogen protection oxidation preventing system " and is cooled to normal temperature; complete simultaneously and reply and solutionizing; naturally coolingly in nitrogen be conducive to static recovery and solutionizing; these can improve the metallographic pattern of metal involute spur gear wheel, improve the mechanical performance of metal involute spur gear wheel.
7. become the spur gear wheel of multiple setting thickness or the medium and small thickness spur gear wheel of single shaping for the involute spur gear wheel of the large thickness calibration being shaped with band saw sawing, proceed to subsequently machining operation; For the medium and small thickness spur gear wheel of single shaping, as required can be by designing upper swollen punch 11 and the lower crowded swollen punch 12 of essence shaping with step of squeezing of essence shaping with step accordingly, the single spur gear wheel of temperature Plastic Forming, can save the material of follow-up cold working endoporus concave step.
Claims (5)
1. a spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process, is characterized in that, the step of described spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process is as follows:
1) determine the cylindrical blank size of gear and by size blanking:
Adopt the volume of " arbitrary shape workpiece volume measuring instrument " prototype gear part, according to Volume conservation law, and consider the surplus that following process is required, determine radius and the height of cylindrical blank (2), utilize band sawing machine by size blanking;
2) mould is in the installation and debugging that are up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press;
3) material of selecting according to cylindrical blank (2) is as 40Cr or 45
#steel is determined the temperature value of 600 ℃～800 ℃ of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace heating, implements the temperature value that in spur gear wheel, high-temp plastic is just shaped, and cylindrical blank (2) is placed in to Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace and is heated to the temperature value of setting;
4) cylindrical blank (2) that is heated to middle high-temperature temperature value is sent in the first female die for forming (1) that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1, realize dynamic recrystallization, cylindrical blank (2) is just configured as to the i.e. long profile of tooth tooth base (9) of long profile of tooth spur gear wheel;
5) the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped is grown to profile of tooth tooth base (9) and be sent in the smart female die for forming (8) that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2, at 450 ℃～600 ℃, the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped is grown to profile of tooth tooth base (9) essence and be configured as the standard involute spur gear wheel of considering cold allowance for finish;
6) the standard involute spur gear wheel essence of considering cold allowance for finish being shaped reaches in " thermoplastic precise forming nitrogen protection oxidation preventing system " and is cooled to normal temperature, completes simultaneously and replys and solutionizing;
7) become the spur gear wheel of multiple setting thickness with band saw sawing for the involute spur gear wheel of large thickness of being shaped, or with being with stepped crowded swollen punch (11) and being with the stepped lower swollen punch (12) that squeezes, by single medium and small thickness spur gear wheel, be shaped as the involute spur gear wheel of center with matrix step, proceed to subsequently machine finishing operation.
2. according to spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described mould refers in the installation and debugging that are up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press:
1) installation and debugging that are just shaped mould used and are being up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1:
(1) first shaping mould used comprises that just female die for forming (1), first be shaped above upsetting pressure punch (3), first shaping are above squeezed upsetting pressure punch (6), first female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7) and first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover (24) under swollen punch (4), the lower crowded swollen punch (5) of first shaping, just shaping;
(2) just female die for forming (1) is contained in first female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7), the first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover (24) of just female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7) employing is fixed on and is up and down for No. 1 on two moving adjustable hydraulic press beds (23), in the time of the first female die for forming (1) of assembling, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7) is heated to design temperature, then the first female die for forming (1) under cold state is pressed in first female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7), in the time that first female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7) is chilled to first forming temperature, due to the just cooling contraction of female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7), just first female die for forming (1) has been produced to pretension stress,
(3) the axis of rotation conllinear of crowded swollen punch (5) under swollen punch (4), first shaping, the lower upsetting pressure punch (6) of just shaping, first female die for forming Pre-stress cover (7) and first female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover (24) is above squeezed in first female die for forming (1), first be shaped above upsetting pressure punch (3), just shaping;
2) installation and debugging that essence is shaped mould used and is being up and down on two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2:
(1) the smart mould used that is shaped comprises upsetting pressure punch (13), smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14) and smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover under smart female die for forming (8), the upper upsetting pressure punch (10) of smart shaping, the smart above crowded swollen punch (11) that is shaped, the lower crowded swollen punch (12) of essence shaping, smart shaping;
(2) smart female die for forming (8) is to be contained in smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14), essence female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14) is to be fixed on the workbench (23) that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2 by smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover, in the time of the smart female die for forming of assembling (8), smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14) is heated to design temperature, then the smart female die for forming (8) under cold state is pressed in smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14), in the time that smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14) is chilled to smart forming temperature, due to the cooling contraction of smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14), just smart female die for forming (8) has been produced to pretension stress,
(3) smart female die for forming (8), the upper upsetting pressure punch (10) of essence shaping, the upper crowded swollen punch (11) of essence shaping, essence are squeezed the axis of rotation conllinear of swollen punch (12), smart be shaped lower upsetting pressure punch (13), smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover (14) and smart female die for forming Pre-stress cover fixed cover under being shaped.
3. according to spur gear wheel claimed in claim 1 essence manufacturing process, it is characterized in that, described cylindrical blank (2) be just configured as to long profile of tooth spur gear wheel the step of long profile of tooth tooth base (9) is as follows:
1) cylindrical blank (2) is placed in the first female die for forming (1) on the workbench (23) that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1;
2) start and be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 1, master cylinder piston (17) moves down, moved cross beam in promotion (18) moves down, flanging cylinder plug (19) also promotes slide block (20) simultaneously and moves down, being contained in upsetting pressure punch (3) in the first shaping on slide block (20) compresses cylindrical blank (2), meanwhile, under first shaping on lower moved cross beam (21), under the support of upsetting pressure punch (6), the upper upsetting pressure punch (3) that is just shaped compresses cylindrical blank (2) with the lower upsetting pressure punch (6) that is just shaped simultaneously;
3) upper moved cross beam (18) continues descending, be contained in the first shaping of moved cross beam (18) and squeeze swollen punch (4) and under the first shaping being contained on liftout tank plunger (22), squeeze the relative center that is pressed into cylindrical blank (2) of swollen punch (5) while, cylindrical blank (2) is produced and squeezes expansive force along profile of tooth rheology direction, realized long profile of tooth spur gear wheel long profile of tooth tooth base (9) be just shaped at middle high temperature, carry out dynamic recrystallization simultaneously.
4. according to spur gear wheel claimed in claim 1 essence manufacturing process, it is characterized in that, described at 450 ℃～600 ℃, the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped grown to profile of tooth tooth base (9) essence to be configured as the step of standard involute spur gear wheel as follows:
1) the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel being just shaped being grown to profile of tooth tooth base (9) is placed in the smart female die for forming (8) on the workbench (23) that is up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2;
2) start and be up and down two moving adjustable hydraulic press for No. 2, master cylinder piston (17) moves down, moved cross beam in promotion (18) moves down, flanging cylinder plug (19) also promotes slide block (20) simultaneously and moves down, the upper upsetting pressure punch (10) of essence shaping being contained on slide block (20) will be grown profile of tooth tooth base (9) compression, meanwhile, under essence on lower moved cross beam (21) is shaped, under the support of upsetting pressure punch (13), the smart upper upsetting pressure punch (10) that is shaped will be grown profile of tooth tooth base (9) with the lower upsetting pressure mould (13) of essence shaping simultaneously and compress;
3) upper moved cross beam (18) continues descending, the essence that is contained in moved cross beam (18) is shaped and upper squeeze swollen punch (11) and be contained in essence on liftout tank plunger (22) the lower center of squeezing swollen punch (12) and be pressed into simultaneously long profile of tooth tooth base (9) that is shaped, the upper crowded swollen punch (11) of essence shaping and the lower crowded swollen punch (12) of essence shaping are grown profile of tooth tooth base (9) to the long profile of tooth spur gear wheel of first shaping and are produced crowded expansive force along profile of tooth rheology direction, realize the i.e. essence shaping of long tooth in long profile of tooth tooth base (9) under middle low temperature of long profile of tooth spur gear wheel, carry out dynamic and Static Recrystallization simultaneously.
5. the first female die for forming (1) adopting in a spur gear wheel essence manufacturing process claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first female die for forming (1) is a disc-like structural member, just female die for forming (1) is provided with the inner chamber that adds section chief's profile of tooth tooth base (9), just the profile of tooth of female die for forming (1) inner chamber is that long profile of tooth is isosceles trapezoid, the tooth top diameter of long profile of tooth tooth base (9) and the tip diameter R of smart shaping spur gear wheel
a1identical, A point is the intersection point of the long tooth flank of tooth in smart shaping spur gear wheel outside circle and long profile of tooth tooth base (9), B point is the intersection point of the long tooth flank of tooth in smart shaping spur gear wheel root circle and long profile of tooth tooth base (9), A point is connected with straight line with B point and extends and the root circle of long profile of tooth tooth base (9) intersects at C point, the root diameter R of long profile of tooth tooth base (9)
f1be less than the root diameter R of smart shaping spur gear wheel
f2, i.e. R
f1< R
f2, determine R according to Volume conservation law
f1.
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| CN201410025419.2A CN103769826A (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2014-01-20 | Precise forming method for cylindrical straight gear and device thereof |
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| CN201410025419.2A CN103769826A (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2014-01-20 | Precise forming method for cylindrical straight gear and device thereof |
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| CN110434263A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of helicopter large modulus straight spur gear precision forging shunting decompression combined shaping method and its mold |
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