CN103766261A - Annular continuous multi-batch artificial culture method for palaemon carinicauda - Google Patents
Annular continuous multi-batch artificial culture method for palaemon carinicauda Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001533364 Portunus trituberculatus Species 0.000 claims description 8
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annular continuous multi-batch artificial culture method for palaemon carinicauda, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the steps of selection and indoor wintering of parent shrimps, wintering incubation and parent shrimp rearing, pond stocking of incubation parent shrimps, first-batch culture harvest, parent selection and remaining, second-batch culture harvest or simultaneous parent selection and remaining and third-batch culture. Through indoor culture of parent palaemon carinicauda, incubation parent shrimps are obtained in advance. By reasonably arranging the parent shrimp stocking and commodity shrimp harvest time, annular multi-batch culture is realized, and the utilization ratio and economic benefit of a culture pond are increased. Two-batch culture is realized annually in the provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in China, and three-batch culture can be realized in regions south of Guangdong province in China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, be specifically related to 1 year artificial cultivating method of continuous many batches of a kind of Exopalaemon carinicauda.
Background technology
At present both at home and abroad seawater shrimp culture take to shrimps as main, mainly comprise the kinds such as Crustin, Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, Penaeus monodon, Marsupenaeus japonicus, and Palaemon kind is emerging breed variety.
Exopalaemon carinicauda (Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthuis, 1950) have another name called white shrimp, little Bai shrimp and winter jasmine shrimp etc., be subordinate to Arthropoda (Arthropoda), Crustachia (Crustacea), Decapoda (Decapoda), Palaemonidae (Palaemonidae), Palaemon (Exopalaemon), mainly be distributed in the less salt waters, shallow sea of China's Mainland bank and west bank, the Korea peninsula, with the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea output maximum, be only second to Chinese prawn (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) and Chinese shrimp (Acetes chinensis), for the important middle-size and small-size economic shrimps of China.Exopalaemon carinicauda have growth rapidly, the feature such as strong adaptability, mating season be long, its meat exquisiteness, delicious flavour is a kind of high protein, low fat, be rich in the superior seafood product of EPA/DHA, per kilogram price 60-80 unit is with in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces one.Except for eating raw, Exopalaemon carinicauda also can be processed into dried shrimps, and because it is golden yellow, therefore also there is the title of " golden gammarid rice ", its ovum can drying one-tenth shrimp seed, is also precious seafood delights dry product.Exopalaemon carinicauda has the advantages such as growth is fast, environmental suitability is wide, premunition is strong, the breeding cycle is short, easy raising.
In recent years, Exopalaemon carinicauda is propagated scale artificially at China coast and is exceeded 300,000 mu, has become coastal beach area ecological pond culture main characteristics kind, has become pond monoculture, and Important Economic shrimps of raising together with such as fish crab shellfish in provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang.Existing Exopalaemon carinicauda cultivation mainly relies on to fish for natural waters natural seeding, wild fry spring or throw in wild oogenesis parent shrimp it is bred voluntarily in pond, exists and easily carries and propagate the problems such as cause of disease (Lu Wu You etc., 1995; Xu Wenjun etc., 2010; Li Xincang etc., 2012).Existing aquaculture model is annual 5-6 month first in pond, to drop into the seedling such as Portunus trituberculatus Miers, mud crab mud crab, then put the Exopalaemon carinicauda parent of people oogenesis, in growing pond from numerous from being bred as Exopalaemon carinicauda seed, form product and after November, gather in the crops (Dong Jianbo etc., 2005; Huang is equality, and 2004; Wu Xugan etc., 2002), often carry out every year one batch of cultivation.Mei Xiaole etc. (2005) have tested mullet, the integrated culture of the razor clam of hanging, Exopalaemon carinicauda, utilize mullet, the biology complementarity of the razor clam of hanging, Exopalaemon carinicauda carries out non-harmful integrated culture, can effectively utilize Water space, reduce the generation of disease.In sum, existing cultural method exists parent's genetic background unclear, and fishes for the portable cause of disease of wild close shrimp, can only carry out every year the defects such as one batch of cultivation, has affected the performance of pond comprehensive benefit.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention will solve is that technical problem is to provide 1 year continuous many batches of artificial cultivating method of a kind of Exopalaemon carinicauda, solves dependence natural waters and fishes for parent propagation problem, cuts off cause of disease vertical transmission route, realizes the objects of the continuous two batches of efficient cultivation in pond.
The present invention completes by following operation sequence:
1 year continuous many batches of artificial cultivating method of a kind of Exopalaemon carinicauda, comprise close shrimp selection and indoor wintering, the oogenesis parent shrimp rearing of surviving the winter, oogenesis parent shrimp pond are put in a suitable place to breed, first batch of cultivation results are selected and remain with parent and second batch of cultivation gathered in the crops or selected and remain simultaneously parent carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation.
Described close shrimp is selected and indoor wintering: select the Exopalaemon carinicauda that do not carry contagiosity cause of disease as overwintering parent shrimp from propagating pond artificially annual early winter, and more than overwintering parent shrimp requires the long 5.5cm of body, close shrimp moves into cement pit indoor wintering; Gaza's filter underground sea water 20～30cm in wintering pond, close shrimp enter the formalin that adds behind pond or potassium permanganate soak, then gradually Chi Shui is filled it up with to diluent substrate concentration;
Further, the close shrimp female-male proportion of the described indoor cement pit of immigration is 1:0.7.
Further, the concentration of described formalin or potassium permanganate is (100～150) × 10
-6or 20 × 10
-6, soak time is 1 hour.
The described oogenesis parent shrimp rearing of surviving the winter: the breeding density of during Wintering Period parent shrimp should be depending on breeding condition and overwintering period water temperature remains on 10 ℃; Water Quality Control Indexes is: salinity 20～30, and below ammonia-nitrogen content 0.5mg/L, dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, below chemical oxygen consumption (COC) 2mg/L; Change water 30% every day, throwing the abundance of food is 3～5% of close shrimp body weight, and illumination is controlled at 200Lux, cultivates through 2～March, and Exopalaemon carinicauda starts mating, oogenesis;
Put in a suitable place to breed in described oogenesis parent shrimp pond: in the time that pond natural temperature reaches 12 ℃, the Exopalaemon carinicauda oogenesis parent shrimp of cultivating indoor wintering is put into the cultivating pool of breeding foundation bait, putting quantity in a suitable place to breed is 3～5g/m
2, the dissolved oxygen in pond water is more than 5mg/L;
Further, described Exopalaemon carinicauda is put in a suitable place to breed in pond has swimming crab, shellfish or fish to raise together with.
First batch of described cultivation results are selected and remain with parent: after pond culture 2-4 month, the commodity Exopalaemon carinicauda of the long-living 4.5cm of reaching of body is gathered in the crops in batches; And stop second batch of cultivation in male and female 1:1 ratio and use close shrimp, female male parent shrimp Volume Composition density is 10g/m
2above;
Described second batch of cultivation or the parent carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation of simultaneously selecting and remain: first batch of cultivation results cultivates 3～4 months after selecting and remain with parent, according to the market demand, the Exopalaemon carinicauda that reaches commercial specification in cultivating pool is gathered in the crops successively, if water temperature allow to select and remain parent carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation now simultaneously.
General Requirements had been gathered in the crops before pond water temperature is reduced to 10 ℃, otherwise water temperature reduces Exopalaemon carinicauda hypoergia, mostly slips in silt and defies capture.Also can carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation in southern area.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1, current, in natural waters, could obtain Exopalaemon carinicauda oogenesis parent shrimp 5-7 month, the present invention is by indoor culture Exopalaemon carinicauda parent shrimp, obtain in advance oogenesis parent shrimp, reasonable arrangement is put close shrimp and the time of gathering in the crops commercial sized prawn in a suitable place to breed, realizes stubble cultivation more than a year, has improved cultivating pool availability and economic benefit.In China Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang one is with and realizes every year two batches of cultivation, Guangdong areas to the south can realize three batches of cultivation.
2, the present invention adopts and propagates relative shrimp overwintering artificially, can cut off contagiosity cause of disease by disinfectant measure, can reduce the cultivation incidence of disease.
3, the environmental condition such as Artificial Control temperature of the present invention, realize female shrimp oogenesis synchronous, and egg laying rate of red swamp is high, is applicable to large-scale cultivation.
4, the present invention realizes Exopalaemon carinicauda and entirely propagates artificially, does not rely on wild resource, can carry out fine-variety breeding.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the technical solution of the present invention is further explained, but protection scope of the present invention is not subject to any pro forma restriction of embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment 2013 carries out many batches of cultivation of Exopalaemon carinicauda in the From Shandong Rizhao Aquaculture Corporation of setting sail, and adopts Exopalaemon carinicauda and Portunus trituberculatus Miers Polyculture, respond well.
1 year continuous many batches of artificial cultivating method of a kind of Exopalaemon carinicauda, comprise close shrimp selection and indoor wintering, the oogenesis parent shrimp rearing of surviving the winter, oogenesis parent shrimp pond are put in a suitable place to breed, first batch of cultivation results are selected and remain with parent and second batch of cultivation gathered in the crops or selected and remain simultaneously parent carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation.
1, close shrimp is selected and selects and do not carry contagiosity cause of disease, energetic male and female Exopalaemon carinicauda as overwintering parent shrimp from propagating pond artificially at the beginning of 2012 11 months indoor wintering, more than the long 5.5cm of overwintering parent shrimp body, in male and female than 1:0.7 ratio immigration cement pit indoor wintering; Gaza's filter underground sea water 20～30cm in wintering pond, close shrimp adds (100～150) × 10 after entering pond
-6formalin or 20 × 10
-6potassium permanganate soak 1 hour, then gradually Chi Shui is filled it up with to diluent substrate concentration;
2, the oogenesis parent shrimp rearing of surviving the winter: the breeding density of during Wintering Period parent shrimp should be depending on breeding condition and overwintering period water temperature remains on 10 ℃; Water Quality Control Indexes is: salinity 20～30, and below ammonia-nitrogen content 0.5mg/L, dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, below chemical oxygen consumption (COC) 2mg/L; Change water 30% every day, throwing the abundance of food is 3～5% of close shrimp body weight, and illumination is controlled at 200Lux, cultivates through 2～March, and Exopalaemon carinicauda starts mating, oogenesis;
3, put in oogenesis parent shrimp pond:
5 mu of cultivating pool areas, shone pond by the emptying of culturing pool ponding, envelope lock before cultivation at the beginning of 3 months, removed mud and foreign material, to turning over and be exposed to the sun or repeatedly rinse at the bottom of the thicker pond of sediments.By water filling 10cm～20cm in pond, use chlorine-containing disinfectant or containing disinfecting drug full pool spilling heads such as iodine disinfectant, oxidant, quicklimes, kill the causal organisms such as protozoa, virus, bacterium and trash fish shrimp etc.
The culturing pool water inlet in latter 7 days～10 days of sterilizing, the 40cm～50cm of intaking for the first time.Applying fertilizer, beneficial bacteria preparation, breed good unicellular alga, small-sized miniature Polychaeta, oligochaetes, shell-fish, nematode, shellfish larvae, the insect young, beneficial microbe, zoogloea etc.The culturing pool depth of water reaches 1m by the end of March, and transparency is in 40cm left and right, and micro-algae is take green alga, diatom, Freshwater Chrysophytes as main, and the dissolved oxygen in pond water is more than 5mg/L.
When April 9, pond water temperature reached 12 ℃, put indoors artificial in a suitable place to breed and cultivate oogenesis overwintering parent shrimp, breeding density is 4g/m
2at the beginning of 5 months, young crab of Portunus trituberculatus Miers second phase is put in pond again in a suitable place to breed, puts 3000/mu of seedling amounts.Cultivation feed comprises manufactured feed, fresh small fish and shellfish.Conventional manufactured feed day, the rate of throwing something and feeding was 3%～5%, fresh food day the rate of throwing something and feeding be 7%～10%.Put the seedling initial stage, day feeding volume 4 times, evenly throwing something and feeding in full pond, puts the seedling later stage, along with the growth such as shrimp, crab, throws the amount of raising and strengthen, and the feeding volume after afternoon accounts for 60% of whole day feeding volume.
4, first batch of cultivation results selected and remain with parent:
Late June, Exopalaemon carinicauda body reaches 4.5cm starts to gather in the crops successively, and first batch of cultivation commodity Exopalaemon carinicauda results is continued until by the end of July.Stop second batch of cultivation in male and female 1:1 ratio simultaneously and use close shrimp, female male parent shrimp Volume Composition density is 10g/m
2above.
5, second batch of cultivation results:
By the end of October, second batch of cultivation commodity Exopalaemon carinicauda starts results.Pond culture Exopalaemon carinicauda reaches commercial specification will fish for out pond in time, the loss otherwise male and female shrimp mating breeding easily causes death.If in Guangdong areas to the south, the parent that can select and remain in second batch of results commercial sized prawn, can realize three batches of cultivation.
Cultivation result: first batch of crop 60kg/ mu of Exopalaemon carinicauda, 2400 yuan/mu of the output values; Second batch of crop 120kg/ mu of Exopalaemon carinicauda, 4800/ mu, output value unit; Portunus trituberculatus Miers crop 60kg/ mu, 4800 yuan/mu of the output values; The cultivation of shrimp crab adds up to output 240kg/ mu, 12000 yuan/mu of the output values, and economic benefit is good.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment cultivates by prior art, catches Exopalaemon carinicauda oogenesis parent shrimp mid-June put into cultivating pool from natural waters, and Exopalaemon carinicauda and Portunus trituberculatus Miers are raised together with, and other cultivating condition is identical with embodiment 1.Through the culture experiment of 5 months, cultivation result was: Exopalaemon carinicauda crop 80kg/ mu, 3200 yuan/mu of the output values; Portunus trituberculatus Miers crop 55kg/ mu, 4400 yuan/mu of the output values; The cultivation of shrimp crab adds up to output 135kg/ mu, 7600 yuan/mu of the output values, and economic benefit is not as embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
1. 1 year continuous many batches of artificial cultivating method of Exopalaemon carinicauda, the step that it is characterized in that it comprises that put in a suitable place to breed in close shrimp selection and indoor wintering, the oogenesis parent shrimp rearing of surviving the winter, oogenesis parent shrimp pond, first batch of cultivation results are selected and remain with parent and second batch of cultivation results or the parent carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation of simultaneously selecting and remain.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described close shrimp selects and indoor wintering: select and do not carry contagiosity cause of disease, energetic male and female Exopalaemon carinicauda as overwintering parent shrimp annual early winter from propagating pond artificially, more than overwintering parent shrimp requires the long 5.5cm of body, close shrimp moves into cement pit indoor wintering; Gaza's filter underground sea water 20～30cm in wintering pond, close shrimp enter the formalin that adds behind pond or potassium permanganate soak, then gradually Chi Shui is filled it up with to diluent substrate concentration.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that the close shrimp female-male proportion of the described indoor cement pit of immigration is 1:0.7.
4. method according to claim 2, the concentration that it is characterized in that described formalin or potassium permanganate is (100～150) × 10
-6or 20 × 10
-6, soak time is 1 hour.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described oogenesis parent shrimp rearing of surviving the winter: the breeding density of during Wintering Period parent shrimp should be looked breeding condition, and overwintering period water temperature remains on 10 ℃; Water Quality Control Indexes is: salinity 20～30, and below ammonia-nitrogen content 0.5mg/L, dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, below chemical oxygen consumption (COC) 2mg/L; Change water 30% every day, throwing the abundance of food is 3～5% of close shrimp body weight, and illumination is controlled at 200Lux, cultivates through 2～March, and Exopalaemon carinicauda starts mating, oogenesis.
6. method according to claim 1, put in a suitable place to breed in oogenesis parent shrimp pond described in it is characterized in that: in the time that pond natural temperature reaches 12 ℃, the Exopalaemon carinicauda oogenesis parent shrimp of cultivating indoor wintering is put into the cultivating pool of breeding foundation bait, and putting quantity in a suitable place to breed is 3～5g/m
2, the dissolved oxygen in pond water is more than 5mg/L.
7. method according to claim 6, the Exopalaemon carinicauda described in it is characterized in that is put in a suitable place to breed in pond has swimming crab, shellfish or fish to raise together with.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that first batch of described cultivation gathered in the crops and parent selects and remain: after pond culture 2-4 month, the commodity Exopalaemon carinicauda of the long-living 4.5cm of reaching of body is gathered in the crops in batches; And stop second batch of cultivation in male and female 1:1 ratio and use close shrimp, female male parent shrimp Volume Composition density is 10g/m
2above.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that second batch of described cultivation or the parent carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation of simultaneously selecting and remain: first batch of cultivation results cultivates 3～4 months after selecting and remain with parent, according to the market demand, the Exopalaemon carinicauda that reaches commercial specification in cultivating pool is gathered in the crops successively, if water temperature allow to select and remain parent carry out the 3rd batch of cultivation now simultaneously.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104982359A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Soil pond ecological raising and culturing method of palaemon carinicauda |
| CN104996330A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-28 | 朱喜存 | Sectional type culture method for litopenaeus vannamei based on ages |
| CN105918168A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Exopalaemon carinicauda saline-alkaline water artificial culturing method |
| CN106386607A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-15 | 常熟理工学院 | A graded multi-crop pond culture method for procambarus clarkii |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104982359A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Soil pond ecological raising and culturing method of palaemon carinicauda |
| CN104996330A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-28 | 朱喜存 | Sectional type culture method for litopenaeus vannamei based on ages |
| CN105918168A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Exopalaemon carinicauda saline-alkaline water artificial culturing method |
| CN105918168B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2019-02-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Exopalaemon carinicauda saline-alkali water artificial cultivating method |
| CN106386607A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-15 | 常熟理工学院 | A graded multi-crop pond culture method for procambarus clarkii |
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