CN104082248B - The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale - Google Patents
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale, it is characterized in that by following processing step: 1) freshwater rotifer original seed gathers; 2) screening of freshwater rotifer; 3) food organisms of freshwater rotifer are cultivated; 4) freshwater rotifer inoculation and expansion are cultivated; 5) freshwater rotifer is collected; 6) control of harmful organisms in freshwater rotifer cultivating process.The inventive method is reasonable in design, workable, by wheel animalcule and wheel animalcule bait are carried out miscegenation cultivation respectively, effectively can solve the difficult problem to condition of culture requirement harshness when freshwater rotifer is single to be cultivated, when not needing special installation, as long as possess Plastic Drum and inflate facility can produce fry the cultivation that season carries out freshwater rotifer at indoor or outdoors.This method does not limit by equipment and place, has the advantages that cost is low, easy and simple to handle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic biological bait or living bait culture technique field, be specifically related to the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of famous-particular-excellent aquaculture industry, new varieties are introduced a fine variety and are bred and obtain promotion.In the process of introduction and acclimatization, seedling breeding, juvenile fish open-mouthed bait is crucial, many improved seeds breed the problem that bottleneck is just how to resolve open-mouthed bait.Wheel animalcule is most fry from endogenous nutrition to exogenous nutrition transformation stage the most agreeable to the taste high-quality bait, it is one of important monoid in poisons in freshwater, the wheel animalcule that the whole world has found has kind more than 2000, that has reported in China has 252 kinds, in seawater seed rearing, in current production, widely used wheel animalcule is brachionus plicatilis, and in fresh water nursery, normally used is the freshwater rotifers such as Brachionus calyciflorus.China, from later stage nineteen fifties, has successively carried out cultivation and the production of the animal baits such as wheel animalcule, fairy shrimp, copepoda.Now can produce brachionus plicatilis and brine shrimp eggs in batches, these make many fishs and breeding of fresh-water fishes obtain successfully.But the requirement of some fish to open-mouthed bait is higher, brachionus plicatilis and fairy shrimp etc. are all no longer applicable, only have freshwater rotifer such as Brachionus calyciflorus etc. could meet the demand to bait.About the research to freshwater rotifer, comparatively early, Chinese scholar Research Literature in this respect day by day increased in the last few years in external starting.Research contents comprises density, temperature, pH value, salinity, DO, osmotic pressure, illumination, the kind of food and demeanour, the impact that the factors such as vitamin are cultivated wheel animalcule, also the method that many bibliographical information freshwater rotifers are cultivated is had, but freshwater rotifer culture technique is developed to today, most research be purebred cultivation, owing to cultivating, to there is uncertain factor many, there is no suitable training mode, cladocera and copepoda difficulty control, the bad solution of bait of wheel animalcule, decay the difficult problems such as phenomenon, its pilot scale culture does not still solve, this governs the development of freshwater rotifer culture technique to a great extent.
A difficult problem to condition of culture requirement harshness when patent of the present invention solves that freshwater rotifer is single to be cultivated, when not needing special installation, as long as possess Plastic Drum and inflation facility can produce fry the cultivation that season carries out freshwater rotifer at indoor or outdoors.This method does not limit by equipment and place, have cost low, behaviour
Make easy feature.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the object of the invention is the method providing the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale.
The present invention is realized by the following technical programs:
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of described a kind of small-scale, is characterized in that by following processing step:
1) freshwater rotifer original seed gathers
In freshwater rotifer growth, breed vigorous season, 1-2 hour after the fine day sun rises, freshwater rotifer original seed is fished at pond superficial water around " ∞ " with homemade plankton net, the freshwater rotifer collected is poured into as alternative sample in the Plastic Drum filling 5L aeration running water, for screening;
2) screening of freshwater rotifer
By the alternative sample collected in step 1), first 40 object sample sieve sieve impurity elimination grass and large-scale silts are crossed, then individual larger cladocera and copepoda is gone with 80 object sample sieve sieves, pouring the liquid batch containing freshwater rotifer filtering rear gained into diameter is to liquid level 1-2mm in culture dish in the batch cultur ware of 100mm, from culture dish, select wheel animalcule with 200 μ l liquid-transfering guns one by one under finally culture dish being placed on 40 × microscope, the kind that wheel animalcule selects has Brachionus calyciflorus, brachionus plicatilis and Branchionus urceus;
3) food organisms of freshwater rotifer are cultivated
The algae kind of green alga class is bought from special algae culture mechanism, also screening green alga class algae kind can be carried out from pond, the algae kind chosen is carried out algae kind inoculated and cultured the morning of fine day in preprepared cultivation bucket, after inoculation, execute weekly once Russian A Kang compound fertilizer and cultivate, each consumption is 60mg/L, water temperature more than 20 DEG C, cultivate 3-5 days, cultivate inner bucket water and namely become dark green, algae density peaks;
4) freshwater rotifer inoculation and expansion are cultivated
When algae density peaks, can by step 2) in the wheel animalcule that selects inoculate in cultivation bucket, inoculum density is 1/ml, after inoculation, every day supplements throw something and feed mixed spirulina powder and dusty yeast, feeding volume is 6mg/L, feeding method for fully to dissolve in water, evenly splash again, period promoted at the bottom of bucket every 2-3 days with brush, check every day and cultivate wheel animalcule growing state in bucket, when the density of cultivating wheel animalcule in bucket peaks, a barrel inoculation method is changed in employing, the 50-100L that directly fetches water from this cultivation bucket is inoculated into other algae densities and has reached in the cultivation bucket of peak period, wheel animalcule remaining in former cultivation bucket can carry out collecting and for cultivating fry and shrimp seedling, inoculate other in this manner successively and respectively cultivate bucket, also can to gather a part of wheel animalcule, in cultivation bucket, supplement algae liquid simultaneously, receive so repeatedly, each cultivation bucket is after 15-20 days wheel animalcules are cultivated, carry out cleaning and renewed vaccination cultivation, in this step, every day is detected and cultivates wheel animalcule growing state in bucket, and inspection method has two kinds: one visually observes with the sampling from cultivation bucket of 400ml beaker to carry out rough estimate, and another kind is the accurate estimation adopting zooplankton quantitative determination process to carry out wheel animalcule density,
5) freshwater rotifer is collected
When cultivating use of can gathering when the density of wheel animalcule reaches 200/more than ml in bucket, the plankton net that available 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk are made is fished for, cultivate to make wheel animalcule and continued, rational amount of fishing should be determined, make the wheel animalcule density keeping 50-100/ml in water body, in order to regenerative ratio, also the water immersible pump cultivated in bucket can be pumped in 200 order collecting nets, leach wheel animalcule;
6) control of harmful organisms in freshwater rotifer cultivating process
In freshwater rotifer cultivating process, chlorophos solution of splashing in cultivation bucket, the amount of splashing is 1mg/L, fishes for harmful animal larva with the 80 object bolting silk string bags in cultivation bucket simultaneously.Chlorophos solution of splashing mainly kills cladocera and copepoda harmful organisms, the mainly chironomus larvas that the bolting silk string bag is fished for.
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of described a kind of small-scale, it is characterized in that the specification of the plankton net described in step 1) is bore 30-40cm, network interface is circular, bends be welded with 6.5mm reinforcing bar, and plankton net mesh sheet used is 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk.
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of described a kind of small-scale, is characterized in that the pond superficial water described in step 1) is below water surface 20-30cm.
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of described a kind of small-scale, is characterized in that the algae kind described in step 3) is the mixing of grid algae, chlorella and chlamydomonas any two or three.Food organisms due to freshwater rotifer in the present invention mainly refer to the algae of the Chlorophytas such as grid algae, chlorella and chlamydomonas, do not require point kind to carry out purebred cultivation, so condition of culture is not very harsh, and culture technique simple and convenient.Algae kind can be bought from special algae culture mechanism, also can screen from pond, but to comprise kind more for the algae kind of the latter, not easily carry out expansion to cultivate, advise buying algae kind from special algae culture mechanism, then expansion cultivation is carried out in classification, notes conservation simultaneously.Density during algae inoculation is not strict with, but inoculum density is high, and the time that in whole bucket, algae density peaked needed for the phase will be shorter.
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of described a kind of small-scale, it is characterized in that the cultivation bucket described in step 3) is 500L rectangular plastic charging basket, volume is 130cmx73cmx65cm, Plastic Drum is placed on sunlight can the place of direct projection, sunshine time, the longer the better, cultivating water used is the running water of aeration, inner bucket water position 35-45cm, uninterruptedly inflates in bucket with gas exhausting stone.
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of described a kind of small-scale, is characterized in that the Russian A Kang compound fertilizer described in step 3) is total nutrient content >=48%, total nitrogen content >=16%, available phosphorus content >=16%, the fertilizer of effective potassium content >=16%.
The method of the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of described a kind of small-scale, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of the spirulina powder described in step 4) and dusty yeast is 1:1.
The inventive method is reasonable in design, workable, by wheel animalcule and wheel animalcule bait are carried out miscegenation cultivation respectively, effectively can solve the difficult problem to condition of culture requirement harshness when freshwater rotifer is single to be cultivated, when not needing special installation, as long as possess Plastic Drum and inflate facility can produce fry the cultivation that season carries out freshwater rotifer at indoor or outdoors.This method does not limit by equipment and place, has the advantages that cost is low, easy and simple to handle.
Embodiment
By following specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
In June, 2012-July, use the technical method described in this patent in 8 500L rectangle buckets, to carry out freshwater rotifer cultivation, water temperature 28 DEG C-30 DEG C, through 3 days after the inoculation of algae kind, namely algae culture inner bucket water becomes dark green, and algae density peaks.Then start freshwater rotifer inoculation, inoculum density about 10/ml, after 4 days, wheel animalcule density peaks, and cultivated wheel animalcule is applied to July 2 laid eggs, July 5 hatched Oxyeleotris lineolatus (Australia sleep cod, Australia bamboo shoot shell fish) spray, as open-mouthed bait.Sleep the seed rearing of cod at 1 12m
2cement pit in carry out, depth of water 60cm, water temperature 29 DEG C, the 2nd day after hatching starts wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, successfully solve the problem of its open-mouthed bait, and then cultivate as bait with fairy shrimp, cladocera and chironomus larvas etc., to August 16, successful incubation went out fry 9100 tail of about 3cm.
Embodiment 2
In April, 2013 is to July, the wheel animalcule that described in this patent, technical method is cultivated is used to be successfully flower (fish-bone) gynogenesis of fish fry, stick up mouth Culter gynogenesis of fish fry, stick up mouth Culter and triangular bream hybridization fry, loach fry, light lip fish fry and Australia sleep cod seedling etc. indoors artificial cultivate provide open-mouthed bait, wherein hemibarbus maculatus gynogenesis of fish fry (1 bucket), stick up mouth Culter gynogenesis of fish fry (2 buckets), stick up mouth Culter and triangular bream hybridization fry (10 buckets), the cultivation of loach fry (1 bucket) and light lip fish gynogenesis of fish fry (1 bucket) is all carried out at 500L Plastic Drum, cod seedling is slept at 12m in Australia
2cement pit in carry out.In 500L Plastic Drum, carry out the cultivation of loach fry, cultivate 2cm, density about 5000 tail; At 12m
2cement pit is cultivated 1cm Australia and to be slept cod seedling about 20,000 tail.
Embodiment 3
2014,30 500L Plastic Drums are used to carry out freshwater rotifer cultivation, ratio 2012 and the place improved to some extent for 2013 use transparent PVC board (long 4100mm, wide 1300mm, thick 3mm) cover on Plastic Drum, every 5 buckets PVC board, defines a cultivation system comparatively closed, and well avoids rainwater, dust, chironomus larvas etc. cultivate bucket impact on wheel animalcule.May 2, formally start to carry out wheel animalcule cultivation, the most high density of cultivation reaches 450/ml.Variation of water in wherein a collection of (May 26 was to June 4) wheel animalcule cultivating process is measured, concrete as table 1.
Table 1
Should be understood that; for the person of ordinary skill of the art; under the premise of not departing from the present invention, the inventive method can also make some changes, such as uses composite fertilizer to carry out mixing green alga cultivation and using mixing green alga to carry out mixing wheel animalcule cultivating the scope all belonging to this patent and protect.
Claims (7)
1. a method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of small-scale, is characterized in that by following processing step:
1) freshwater rotifer original seed gathers
In freshwater rotifer growth, breed vigorous season, 1-2 hour after the fine day sun rises, freshwater rotifer original seed is fished at pond superficial water around " ∞ " with homemade plankton net, the freshwater rotifer collected is poured into as alternative sample in the Plastic Drum filling 5L aeration running water, for screening;
2) screening of freshwater rotifer
By the alternative sample collected in step 1), first 40 object sample sieve sieve impurity elimination grass and large-scale silts are crossed, then individual larger cladocera and copepoda is gone with 80 object sample sieve sieves, pouring the liquid batch containing freshwater rotifer filtering rear gained into diameter is to liquid level 1-2mm in culture dish in the batch cultur ware of 100mm, from culture dish, select wheel animalcule with 200 μ l liquid-transfering guns one by one under finally culture dish being placed on 40 × microscope, the kind that wheel animalcule selects has Brachionus calyciflorus, brachionus plicatilis and Branchionus urceus;
3) food organisms of freshwater rotifer are cultivated
The algae kind of green alga class is bought from special algae culture mechanism, also screening green alga class algae kind can be carried out from pond, the algae kind chosen is carried out algae kind inoculated and cultured the morning of fine day in preprepared cultivation bucket, after inoculation, execute weekly once Russian A Kang compound fertilizer and cultivate, each consumption is 60mg/L, water temperature more than 20 DEG C, cultivate 3-5 days, cultivate inner bucket water and namely become dark green, algae density peaks;
4) freshwater rotifer inoculation and expansion are cultivated
When algae density peaks, can by step 2) in the wheel animalcule that selects inoculate in cultivation bucket, inoculum density is 1/ml, after inoculation, every day supplements throw something and feed mixed spirulina powder and dusty yeast, feeding volume is 6mg/L, feeding method for fully to dissolve in water, evenly splash again, period promoted at the bottom of bucket every 2-3 days with brush, check every day and cultivate wheel animalcule growing state in bucket, when the density of cultivating wheel animalcule in bucket peaks, a barrel inoculation method is changed in employing, the 50-100L that directly fetches water from this cultivation bucket is inoculated into other algae densities and has reached in the cultivation bucket of peak period, wheel animalcule remaining in former cultivation bucket can carry out collecting and for cultivating fry and shrimp seedling, inoculate other in this manner successively and respectively cultivate bucket, also can to gather a part of wheel animalcule, to supplement algae liquid simultaneously, receive so repeatedly in cultivation bucket, each bucket of cultivating, after 15-20 days wheel animalcules are cultivated, carries out cleaning and renewed vaccination cultivation,
5) freshwater rotifer is collected
When cultivating use of can gathering when the density of wheel animalcule reaches 200/more than ml in bucket, the plankton net that available 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk are made is fished for, cultivate to make wheel animalcule and continued, rational amount of fishing should be determined, make the wheel animalcule density keeping 50-100/ml in water body, in order to regenerative ratio, also the water immersible pump cultivated in bucket can be pumped in 200 order collecting nets, leach wheel animalcule;
6) control of harmful organisms in freshwater rotifer cultivating process
In freshwater rotifer cultivating process, when cultivate in bucket occur cladocera, copepoda and chironomus larvas class harmful organisms time, chlorophos solution of splashing in cultivation bucket, the amount of splashing is 1mg/L, fishes for harmful animal larva cultivating in bucket with the 80 object bolting silk string bags simultaneously.
2. the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the specification of the plankton net described in step 1) is bore 30-40cm, network interface is circular, bends be welded with 6.5mm reinforcing bar, and plankton net mesh sheet used is 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk.
3. the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale according to claim 1, is characterized in that the pond superficial water described in step 1) is below water surface 20-30cm.
4. the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale according to claim 1, is characterized in that the algae kind described in step 3) is the mixing of grid algae, chlorella and chlamydomonas any two or three.
5. the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the cultivation bucket described in step 3) is 500L rectangular plastic charging basket, volume is 130cmx73cmx65cm, Plastic Drum is placed on sunlight can the place of direct projection, sunshine time, the longer the better, cultivating water used is the running water of aeration, inner bucket water position 35-45cm, uninterruptedly inflates in bucket with gas exhausting stone.
6. the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the Russian A Kang compound fertilizer described in step 3) is total nutrient content >=48%, total nitrogen content >=16%, available phosphorus content >=16%, the fertilizer of effective potassium content >=16%.
7. the method for the simple and easy cultivation freshwater rotifer of a kind of small-scale according to claim 1, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of the spirulina powder described in step 4) and dusty yeast is 1:1.
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