CN103766035B - Root stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning - Google Patents
Root stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning Download PDFInfo
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- CN103766035B CN103766035B CN201410009733.1A CN201410009733A CN103766035B CN 103766035 B CN103766035 B CN 103766035B CN 201410009733 A CN201410009733 A CN 201410009733A CN 103766035 B CN103766035 B CN 103766035B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, step includes: one. stubble in field, and two. straw-returning, described straw also includes direct returning to farmland and makes compost also field.By the way, root stubble of the present invention, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, processing cost is low, efficiency is high, the various piece of crops is separated and individually processes, the various piece making crops can be broken off as far as possible, thus improve the physical property of soil, increase the nutriment in soil, increase the yield of crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to straw-returning field, particularly relate to a kind of stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning.
Background technology
Now, people are substantially dependence and use chemical fertilizer to increase the nutrient of soil, promote the growth of crop, the straw of crops is then incinerated, but when crop straw burning, substantial amounts of sulfur dioxide can be produced, nitrogen dioxide and pellet, wherein the concentration of sulfur dioxide exceeds 1 times than usual, nitrogen dioxide, the concentration of pellet exceeds 3 times than usual, these eyes to people, the part containing mucosa such as nose and throat stimulates bigger, the health of people can be brought the biggest harm, and burning when, microorganism in earth's surface is scorched to death, humus, organic matter is mineralized, destroy the balance of ecosystem, , increase the weight of soil compaction, destroy soil fertility, exacerbate arid, the growth of crops thus be affected, so people need more to meet the straw-returning method of requirement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, individually carry out the various piece of crops decomposing and processing, have treatment effeciency height, low cost, soil improvement ability is strong, simple operation and other advantages, application in terms of straw-returning simultaneously and universal on have market prospect widely.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention uses is:
Thering is provided a kind of stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, its step includes: one. stubble in field: gathering in crop when, the height of crop root residue is retained in 15cm-20cm;When soil moisture at 25%-30% when, soil and crop root residue are ploughed shallowly, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 8cm-12cm;While shallow plowing, every mu of Calx executing 30-40kg;After shallow plowing, according to the nitrogen phosphorus mass ratio of 3:1, every mu of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer executing 15-20kg;Deep ploughing soil and crop root residue, the deep ploughing degree of depth is 15cm-26cm;By the diameter segment crushing more than 8cm, then soil surface is raked;
Two. straw-returning: 1) direct returning to farmland: straw cut up with a hay cutter broken or smash with disorderly grass machine, a length of 8cm-16cm after smashing;Being spread on face, field equably by cutting up with a hay cutter straw that is broken or that smash, every mu puts into straw 150-250kg;Every mu of carbamide executing 2-7kg;When soil moisture content 25%-30%, straw is ploughed under in the soil layer of 12cm-15cm, allow straw and carbamide puddle in topsoil;The water of soil surface is drained, allows soil surface expose in atmosphere, and once poured water every 5-10 days;2) also field is made compost: the crushed stalk that remained by direct returning to farmland or be chopped into 3cm-6cm length;In the 3-4 month, the Animal fecal pollution of the straw of 7-10 part, the night soil of 1-4 part and 2-8 part is sufficiently carried out mix and blend;Mixture after stirring is watered sufficient water so that the water content in mixture is at 60%-70%;Hot water is irrigated animal wastes so that it is temperature is more than or equal to 40 DEG C;Caulis et Folium Oryzae is piled a pile, and lights, by animal excreta toilet cover on stack of rice straw;By mixture in layer cover in animal wastes, form a fermentation heap, heap height 1.5m-2.5m, and on fermentation heap, cover plastic sheeting;Persistently fermentation heap is heated, and the temperature of heating controls at 50 DEG C-70 DEG C;Ferment 7-10 days, and when the temperature of fermentation heap is at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C, auxiliary fertilizer is covered on described fermentation heap, then ferments;Every 5-8 days, ferment the most again, after continuing 3-4 time, form compost made of stalks;Execute compost made of stalks 1000kg-1800kg and compound fertilizer, then soil is carried out weeding of deep ploughing, finally pours water for every mu.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition of described auxiliary fertilizer and ratio be: the horsehit of 10-15 part, the rabbit excrement of 4-8 part, the chicken manure of 2-5 part, the night soil of 5-10 part, the Calx of 10-25 part, the ammonium hydrogen carbonate of 15-25 part, the ammonium sulfate of 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 4-8 part and the carbamide of 10-15 part.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition of described compound fertilizer and ratio be: the Calx of 15-25 part, the ammonium hydrogen carbonate of 5-12 part, the ammonium sulfate of 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 5-10 part, the ammonia of 10-15 part, the sodium nitrate of 2-5 part, the ammonium nitrate of 4-10 part, the carbamide of 10-15 part, the fishbone powder of 15-20 part, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 5-10 part and the calcium superphosphate of 4-10 part.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: processing cost is low, efficiency is high, the various piece of crops is separated and individually processes, make the various piece of crops to be broken off as far as possible, thus improve the physical property of soil, increase the nutriment in soil, increase the yield of crops.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, all other embodiments that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention includes:
A kind of stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, its step includes:
One. stubble in field: gathering in crop when, the height of crop root residue is retained in 15cm-20cm;When soil moisture at 25%-30% when, soil and crop root residue are ploughed shallowly, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 8cm-12cm;While shallow plowing, every mu of Calx executing 30-40kg;After shallow plowing, according to the nitrogen phosphorus mass ratio of 3:1, every mu of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer executing 15-20kg;Deep ploughing soil and crop root residue, the deep ploughing degree of depth is 15cm-26cm;By the diameter segment crushing more than 8cm, then soil surface is raked;
Gathering in crops when, root stubble is typically all retained in soil, but owing to burning circulation and the absorption being unfavorable for nutrition, so needing to shred root stubble, and mixing with nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, accelerating the decomposition of root stubble, the reduction promoting nutritional labeling and absorption.
Two. straw-returning:
1) direct returning to farmland: straw cut up with a hay cutter broken or smash with disorderly grass machine, a length of 8cm-16cm after smashing;Being spread on face, field equably by cutting up with a hay cutter straw that is broken or that smash, every mu puts into straw 150-250kg;Every mu of carbamide executing 2-7kg;When soil moisture content 25%-30%, straw is ploughed under in the soil layer of 12cm-15cm, allow straw and carbamide puddle in topsoil;Being drained by the water of soil surface, allow soil surface expose in atmosphere, and once poured water every 5-10 days, because under flooding condition, straw is more prone to carry out decomposition, so the water content that Soil conservation to be allowed is suitable, promotes the carrying out decomposed;
Simple to operate, the low cost of direct returning to farmland, can first put into field and decomposes, discharge nutriment in advance other straws are degenerated when, and also field is spaced apart with making compost, and forms a stereovision, the absorption of instant nutrient.
2) make compost also field: the crushed stalk that remained by direct returning to farmland or be chopped into 3cm-6cm length, so can reduce the volume of single straw, conveniently become thoroughly decomposed;In the 3-4 month, the Animal fecal pollution of the straw of 7-10 part, the night soil of 1-4 part and 2-8 part is sufficiently carried out mix and blend;Mixture after stirring is watered sufficient water so that the water content in mixture, at 60%-70%, so can strengthen the activity of microorganism, accelerate the speed become thoroughly decomposed;Hot water is irrigated animal wastes so that it is temperature is more than or equal to 40 DEG C;Caulis et Folium Oryzae is piled a pile, and lights, by animal excreta toilet cover on stack of rice straw;By mixture in layer cover in animal wastes, form a fermentation heap, heap height 1.5m-2.5m, and on fermentation heap, cover plastic sheeting;Persistently fermentation heap is heated, and the temperature of heating controls at 50 DEG C-70 DEG C, owing to microorganism has specific living environment, the height of temperature directly affects the activity of microorganism, time between 50 DEG C-65 DEG C, the activity of microorganism is optimal, the decomposition of straw can be accelerated, pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum can be killed again simultaneously, reduce the volatilization of ammonia, when temperature more than 70 DEG C or less than 50 DEG C time, the activity of microorganism can reduce;Ferment 7-10 days, and when the temperature of fermentation heap is at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C, auxiliary fertilizer is covered on described fermentation heap, then ferments, when the temperature of fermentation heap maintains 60 DEG C-65 DEG C, illustrate that fermentation heap has been decomposed;Every 5-8 days, fermenting the most again, after continuing 3-4 time, form compost made of stalks, the compost made of stalks sent out has black, random, smelly feature, has black juice and ammonia stink, soft time wet, flexible, the most crisp time dry, is easily broken;Execute compost made of stalks 1000kg-1800kg and compound fertilizer, then soil is carried out weeding of deep ploughing, finally pours water for every mu, owing to the carbon nitrogen content in straw is the highest, the highest carbon-nitrogen ratio arises that Denitrification in straw putrefaction process, and microorganism absorbs the quick-acting nitrogens in soil, quick-acting nitrogens required for crops are seized, seedling is made to turn to be yellow, poor growth, it is unfavorable for nurturing staff, therefore, while straw-returning, to coordinate and apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer, keep the rational carbon-nitrogen ratio of straw.
Owing to fresh straw can produce various organic acid, effect toxic to crop root in digest process, therefore, when carrying out straw-returning in the acid soil with poor air permeability, appropriate Calx should be applied, neutralize the organic acid produced, help the absorption of nutrition.
The composition of described auxiliary fertilizer and ratio be: the horsehit of 10-15 part, the rabbit excrement of 4-8 part, the chicken manure of 2-5 part, the night soil of 5-10 part, the Calx of 10-25 part, the ammonium hydrogen carbonate of 15-25 part, the ammonium sulfate of 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 4-8 part and the carbamide of 10-15 part.
The composition of described compound fertilizer and ratio be: the Calx of 15-25 part, the ammonium hydrogen carbonate of 5-12 part, the ammonium sulfate of 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 5-10 part, the ammonia of 10-15 part, the sodium nitrate of 2-5 part, the ammonium nitrate of 4-10 part, the carbamide of 10-15 part, the fishbone powder of 15-20 part, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 5-10 part and the calcium superphosphate of 4-10 part.
Root stubble of the present invention, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning provide the benefit that:
1. straw-returning can supplement soil nutrient: crop material contains certain nutrient and cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and ash element, existing more organic matter, there are again the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, if straw being transported from field or burning, so remain in the Organic substance in soil and be less than 10%, thus cause the decline of soil fertility.
2. straw-returning promotes microbial activities: straw-returning adds mass energy material to soil microorganism, all kinds of micro organism quantities and enzymatic activity increase the most accordingly, this has speeded up the decomposition to organic substance and the conversion of mineral nutrient, make the nitrogen in soil, phosphorus, the elements such as potassium increase, the effectiveness of soil nutrient also increases, additionally, the cellulose produced after microbial decomposition converts, lignin, the black colloid substances such as polysaccharide and humic acid, there is the ability of bonding grogs, organic Yu inorganic complex is formed with clay mineral, promote Zinc fractions crumb structure, volume weight of soils is made to alleviate, increase water in soil, fertile, gas, the coordination ability of heat, improve soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property.
3. straw-returning can reduce fertilizer application amount: the nitrogen that crop is absorbed essentially from the original nitrogen in soil, only accounts for 23%-24% from chemical fertilizer, so, straw-returning is the fabulous way making up chemical fertilizer life-time service defect.
4. straw-returning can be improved the ecological environment: crop straw burning not only results in contaminated air, affects traffic, upper soll layer coking etc., but also can affect agroecological environment, it is impossible to twice laid.
Root stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, its processing cost is low, efficiency is high, the various piece of crops is separated and individually processes, the various piece making crops can be broken off as far as possible, thus improve the physical property of soil, increase the nutriment in soil, increase the yield of crops.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure utilizing description of the invention content to be made or equivalence flow process conversion; or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical field, the most in like manner it is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a high-efficient treatment method for root stubble, straw-returning, including: stubble in field and straw-returning, the step of described stubble in field includes: gathering in crop when, the height of crop root residue is retained in 15cm-20cm;The step of described straw-returning includes direct returning to farmland and makes compost also field, it is characterised in that
Described stubble in field further comprises the steps of:
When soil moisture at 25%-30% when, soil and crop root residue are ploughed shallowly, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 8cm-12cm;
While shallow plowing, every mu of Calx executing 30-40kg;
After shallow plowing, according to the nitrogen phosphorus mass ratio of 3:1, every mu of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer executing 15-20kg;
Deep ploughing soil and crop root residue, the deep ploughing degree of depth is 15cm-26cm;
By the diameter soil block crushing more than 8cm, then soil surface is raked;
The concrete steps of described direct returning to farmland include:
Straw cut up with a hay cutter broken or smash with disorderly grass machine, a length of 8cm-16cm after smashing;
Being spread on face, field equably by cutting up with a hay cutter straw that is broken or that smash, every mu puts into straw 150-250kg;
Every mu of carbamide executing 2-7kg;
When soil moisture content 25%-30%, straw is ploughed under in the soil layer of 12cm-15cm, allow straw and carbamide puddle in topsoil;
The water of soil surface is drained, allows soil surface expose in atmosphere, and once poured water every 5-10 days;
The described concrete steps making compost also field include:
Crushed stalk that direct returning to farmland is remained or be chopped into 3cm-6cm length;
In the 3-4 month, the Animal fecal pollution of the straw of 7-10 part, the night soil of 1-4 part and 2-8 part is sufficiently carried out mix and blend;
Mixture after stirring is watered sufficient water so that the water content in mixture is at 60%-70%;
Hot water is irrigated animal wastes so that it is temperature is more than or equal to 40 DEG C;
Caulis et Folium Oryzae is piled a pile, and lights, by animal excreta toilet cover on stack of rice straw;
By mixture in layer cover in animal wastes, form a fermentation heap, heap height 1.5m-2.5m, and on fermentation heap, cover plastic sheeting;
Persistently fermentation heap is heated, and the temperature of heating controls at 50 DEG C-70 DEG C;
Ferment 7-10 days, and when the temperature of fermentation heap is at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C, auxiliary fertilizer is covered on described fermentation heap, then ferments;
Every 5-8 days, ferment the most again, after continuing 3-4 time, form compost made of stalks;
Execute compost made of stalks 1000kg-1800kg and compound fertilizer, then soil is carried out weeding of deep ploughing, finally pours water for every mu.
The most according to claim 1 stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, it is characterized in that, the composition of described auxiliary fertilizer and ratio be: the horsehit of 10-15 part, the rabbit excrement of 4-8 part, the chicken manure of 2-5 part, the night soil of 5-10 part, the Calx of 10-25 part, the ammonium hydrogen carbonate of 15-25 part, the ammonium sulfate of 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 4-8 part and the carbamide of 10-15 part.
The most according to claim 1 stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, it is characterized in that, the composition of described compound fertilizer and ratio be: the Calx of 15-25 part, the ammonium hydrogen carbonate of 5-12 part, the ammonium sulfate of 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 5-10 part, the ammonia of 10-15 part, the sodium nitrate of 2-5 part, the ammonium nitrate of 4-10 part, the carbamide of 10-15 part, the fishbone powder of 15-20 part, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 5-10 part and the calcium superphosphate of 4-10 part.
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CN110557996A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-13 | 吉林辰雨农业科技有限公司 | sustainable saline-alkali soil paddy field improvement method and mixed organic fertilizer |
CN118235571A (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-06-25 | 北京市农林科学院 | Vegetable waste in-situ returning method |
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