CN103762354B - A kind of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material, its preparation method and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
A kind of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material, its preparation method and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN103762354B CN103762354B CN201410028686.5A CN201410028686A CN103762354B CN 103762354 B CN103762354 B CN 103762354B CN 201410028686 A CN201410028686 A CN 201410028686A CN 103762354 B CN103762354 B CN 103762354B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material, its preparation method and lithium ion battery.The method uses hydro-thermal method first to prepare superfine manganese dioxide nanowire, then manganese dioxide nanowire precursor is the most uniformly mixed with lithium salts, nickel salt, obtains, through calcining in atmosphere, the undersized LiNi being evenly distributed0.5Mn1.5O4Nanometer rods.The low in raw material price that the present invention uses, not to environment, and technique is easily controllable, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.The electric discharge specific energy of the lithium ion battery that the positive electrode using the present invention to prepare is made is at 480Wh Kg‑1Above；During discharge and recharge 500 times, capability retention and efficiency are held in more than 99%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, be specifically related to a kind of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material, its preparation method and lithium
Ion battery.
Background technology
In the face of the challenge of energy problem, development heavy-duty battery can alleviate predicament effectively.Existing chargeable battery has
Lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium cell, Ni-MH battery and the big class of lithium ion battery four.In this context, lithium ion battery stores up as chemistry
Can one of device, have that running voltage is high, energy density is high, have extended cycle life, memory-less effect, self-discharge rate nothing low, green
The many advantages such as pollution, become national governments and the object of research worker concern.The application of lithium ion battery at present has been prolonged
Reaching the every aspect of people's life, small-scale lithium ion cell is for communication apparatus, household electrical appliance, electronic product, fire-fighting illumination
Etc. aspect, large-sized battery is then mainly used in peak load regulation network, power vehicle etc..But flourish and clear along with electronic information technology
The growth rapidly of clean energy demand, people's energy density, stability, service life, safety and cost to lithium ion battery
Etc. aspect had requirements at the higher level so that high performance lithium ion battery becomes the research and development focus of new century.The use of lithium ion battery
Life-span, security performance and energy, power density are the important parameter evaluating its performance.The cyclic reversibility of lithium ion battery
Determine its service life, capacity and running voltage and determine the energy density of battery, and higher running voltage is also beneficial to electricity
The lifting of pond power density.So high working voltage is not only beneficial to the raising of battery performance, battery smart and lightness, and
The assembling quantity of cell in set of cells can be reduced, be beneficial to economize on resources and reduce cost.
The anode material for lithium ion battery of commercialization at present all also exists some shortcomings, such as the layered cathode material of commercialization
Material LiCoO2Although being used widely in compact battery, but cobalt is expensive, toxic, and it overcharges insecurity and makes
Cycle performance poor, thus limit it be applied in high capacity cell (J.R.Ying, C.Y.Jiang, C.R.Wan,
Journal of Power Sources, 2004,129,264)；Spinelle LiMn2O4(theoretical capacity: 148mAh/g) is than the former
Cost is relatively low, security performance is higher, but its shortcoming that capacity is low and high temperature cyclic performance is poor limits its utilization the most always
(E.Hosono, T.Kudo, I.Honma, H.Matsuda, H.S.Zhou, Nano Letters, 2009,9,1045);There is olive
The LiFePO of olive stone-type structure4(theoretical capacity: 170mAh/g) reversibly embeds and deintercalate lithium ions, environmental protection, cheap, circulation
Performance is good, promises to be the preferable positive electrode of lithium ion battery.But because of its poorly conductive, it is not suitable for high current charge-discharge,
Also limit its utilization (G.X.Wang, H.Liu, J.Liu, S.Z.Qiao, G.M.Lu, P.Munro, H.Ahn, Advanced
Materials, 2010,22,4944).
Positive electrode LiCoO compared to these commercializations at present2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4Deng, spinel-type
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material have three-dimensional ion diffusion admittance, discharge voltage height, Stability Analysis of Structures, aboundresources, low cost and
Advantages of environment protection and one of focus material becoming current research.Particularly it discharges flat at the high potential of about 4.8V
Platform, under same current, it is provided that higher energy, power density, simultaneously Ni2+Manganic ion can be suppressed after ion doping
Formation, alleviate the material capacity serious problem of decay, promote cycle performance, and then by power supply capacity, battery life with make
It is desirable that the harshest electrical source of power field used for electric vehicle is favored by safety, becomes the alternative of a new generation's lithium ion battery
One of positive electrode, thus enjoy the concern of various countries' researcher.But LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Positive electrode is in charged state
Time, the transition metal ions meeting oxidation electrolyte of high oxidation state, and a small amount of acidic materials contained in electrolyte will just corrode
Pole material.Thus, the side reaction between positive electrode and electrolyte causes its discharge capacity deep fades.Therefore for realizing
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material commercialization early, improves its cycle performance (capability retention) imperative.In recent years, in the world one
A little seminars have begun to carry out LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The research of material, is mainly carried by improvement preparation synthetic method
Its actual specific capacity high, cyclical stability and high rate performance.Such as solid reaction process, sol-gal process and coprecipitation etc.:
Sun et al. is prepared LiNi by two step solid phase methods0.5Mn1.5O4After battery made by material, in the charging of 0.1C multiplying power and 0.2C multiplying power
Under conditions of electric discharge, after circulating 30 times, capability retention is 96%, but is needed to forge the most for a long time by solid reaction process
Burning, power consumption is big, and material prepared by solid phase method is easily reunited, and particle scale cannot regulate and control and poor (Sun Q, the Li X of homogeneity
H,Wang Z X,et al,Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2009,19,
176-181)；Yang et al. sol-gal process of ultrasonic wave added is prepared for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material, the structure of its material is steady
Qualitative enhancing and granule are more orderly, and after circulating 50 times under 0.2C discharge-rate, capability retention is 96%.But this preparation side
Method operating procedure is more, also has (Sun Y Y, Yang Y F, Zhan H, et al, Journal with a certain distance from large-scale production
Of Power Sources, 2010,195 (13): 4322-4326)；Coprecipitation can be by changing technological parameter regulation and control product
Particle diameter and pattern, be conducive to improve material chemical property.But this method difficult point is accurately to control sinking of each component
Shallow lake speed, and how to form uniform multicomponent precipitation at molecular level.
Additionally, existing positive electrode, when charged state, the transition metal ions meeting oxidation electrolyte of high oxidation state,
And a small amount of acidic materials contained in electrolyte will corrode positive electrode, so that the discharge capacity deep fades of battery,
Cyclical stability is poor.Such as spinelle LiMn2O4, in charging process, Manganic ion can occur dismutation reaction generate bivalence and
The manganese ion of tetravalence, and divalent manganesetion can dissolve in the electrolytic solution, gradually dissolving of electrode material exacerbates battery capacity
Decay, cyclical stability is poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed under high pressure, existing positive electrode LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The transition of high oxidation state under Charging state
Metal ion meeting oxidation electrolyte, and a small amount of acidic materials contained in electrolyte can corrode positive electrode, so that electric
The discharge capacity deep fades in pond, the present situation of cyclical stability difference, inherently improve LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Removal lithium embedded circulation
Stability, it is provided that a kind of specific energy height that discharges under high pressure (more than the concrete voltage more than 4V), capability retention are high, cyclicity
Can good, the LiNi of length in service life0.5Mn1.5O4Material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hinge structure preparation method simple, be suitable for industrialized production
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The preparation method of material.
Another object of the present invention is to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material is applied in lithium ion battery as positive pole, it is thus achieved that
There is the lithium ion battery of high cyclical stability and high-energy-density.
Technical scheme
A kind of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material, described LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4For nanorod structure, its a diameter of 30nm-50nm, length
Degree is 1 μm-5 μm.
The LiNi of the present invention0.5Mn1.5O4Material is prepared by the following method and obtains: by manganese sulphate powder and potassium permanganate powder
After end is dissolved in deionized water, stirring, (solution obtained is aubergine, then pours this solution in politef
In the reactor of gallbladder), at 150-160 DEG C react, washing impurity-removing, be dried, obtain manganese dioxide nanowire precursor；By above-mentioned
Manganese dioxide nanowire precursor, nickel nitrate, Lithium hydrate are according to Mn: the mol ratio of Ni: Li is 1.5: 0.5: 1.05-1.06
Mixture of powders is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, is stirred at room temperature, is dried, grinds, and obtains product at 780-820 DEG C after calcining.
A diameter of 5-10nm of the manganese dioxide nanowire precursor obtained by the present invention, a length of 1-5 μm.
The described response time at 150-160 DEG C is preferably 10-12h.
Described time is stirred at room temperature it is preferably 24-36h.
Described calcining is preferably and is warming up to 780-820 DEG C with the heating rate of 5-10 DEG C/min in atmosphere.It is warmed up to
After 780-820 DEG C, constant temperature 20-24h is advisable.If heating rate is more than 10 DEG C/min, then it is difficult to keep manganese dioxide nanowire shape
Looks, easily generate uneven LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Granule.
Described mixture is preferably hand-ground 10 minutes.
By above-mentioned LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material is used as the lithium ion battery of positive electrode.
The effect of the present invention
Use the undersized nano bar-shape LiNi of present configuration0.5Mn1.5O4During material, active substance fills with electrolyte
Tap is touched, and the avtive spot of removal lithium embedded increases, and lithium ion the evolving path is greatly shortened, and this is greatly facilitated positive electrode electrification
Learn the raising of performance.Use the LiNi of the present invention0.5Mn1.5O4Material, under high pressure high (the 480Wh Kg of electric discharge specific energy-1With
On), capability retention high (discharge and recharge 500 times time, capability retention and efficiency are held in more than 99%), good cycle, make
Use the life-span long.And the LiNi of the present invention0.5Mn1.5O4The preparation method of material is simple, and reaction condition is gentle, environmental friendliness, produces
Low cost, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is manganese dioxide presoma and the LiNi of embodiment 1 preparation0.5Mn1.5O4X ray diffracting spectrum；
Wherein Fig. 1 (a) is undersized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The X ray diffracting spectrum of nanometer rods, as can be seen from the figure
The diffraction maximum of the nanometer rods obtained is consistent with PDF card ICDD-PDF80-2162, and the LiNi of synthesis is described0.5Mn1.5O4Belong to
Cubic system.
Fig. 1 (b) is the X ray diffracting spectrum of superfine manganese dioxide nanowire, as can be seen from the figure the spreading out of nano wire
Penetrate peak consistent with PDF card ICDD-PDF44-0141, illustrate that the manganese dioxide of synthesis is tetragonal crystal system.According to X-ray diffraction
Principle, diffraction maximum is the widest, and the granularity of surveyed material is the least, and the diffraction maximum of nano wire is wider than the diffraction maximum of nanometer rods, explanation
The yardstick of manganese dioxide presoma nano wire is less than LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The yardstick of nanometer rods, this is one with the result of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
Cause.
Fig. 2 is manganese dioxide nanowire precursor scanning electron microscope and the transmission electron microscope photo of embodiment 1 preparation；
As can be seen from the figure the manganese dioxide that prepared by the present invention is nanometer wire pattern, and a diameter of 5-10nm is a length of
1-5 μm, many nano wires flock together, formed one by one diameter in about 50nm, the collective of length 1-5 μm.
Fig. 3 is the LiNi of preparation in embodiment 10.5Mn1.5O4Transmission electron microscope photo；
It can be seen that LiNi prepared by the present invention0.5Mn1.5O4In nano bar-shape pattern, diameter is left at 30-50nm
The right side, a length of 1-5 μm, maintain the pattern of manganese dioxide nanowire collective in presoma.
Fig. 4 is the LiNi of embodiment 1 preparation0.5Mn1.5O4The chemical property figure of electrode material.
Fig. 4 (a) and (b) are the LiNi using the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation0.5Mn1.5O4The lithium ion battery that material is made
Cyclic voltammetry curve and simple charging and discharging curve.
Circulation specific discharge capacity declines for the first time, this is because circulation defines solid electrolyte passivating film for the first time, and can
To see that curve is the most overlapping after circulation second time, the oxidoreduction that this explanation battery material charge and discharge process occurs is anti-
Answering degree of reversibility high, this is an important factor in order of good cycling stability.
The LiNi using the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation is can be seen that from Fig. 4 (c)0.5Mn1.5O4The lithium-ion electric that material is made
Pond, when circulating 500 times, still keeps 480Wh Kg-1Electric discharge specific energy, efficiency is up to 99%, and commodity in use
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4After the lithium ion battery made circulates 50 times, electric discharge specific energy just quickly falls to 220Wh Kg-1Left and right,
Illustrate that nanometer rods pattern is conducive to improving the cyclical stability of lithium ion battery.
The LiNi using the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation is can be seen that from Fig. 4 (d)0.5Mn1.5O4The lithium-ion electric that material is made
The electrochemical impedance in pond only has 200 Ω, and the LiNi of commodity in use0.5Mn1.5O4The electrochemistry resistance of the lithium ion battery made
Anti-up to 350 Ω, illustrate the LiNi of the present invention0.5Mn1.5O4Nano-bar material is conducive to improving the electric conductivity of lithium ion battery.
Detailed description of the invention
It is intended to further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, and the unrestricted present invention.
Embodiment 1
After manganese sulphate powder and potassium permanganate powder being dissolved in deionized water, it is uniformly mixing to obtain purplish red solution；
Then solution is poured into the reactor of polytetrafluoroethylliner liner, carries out reacting by heating, wash with deionized water and dehydrated alcohol are centrifugal
Wash three times, after removing the foreign ion that may contain in this presoma, be placed in air dry oven 60 DEG C and be dried, obtain superfine
Manganese dioxide nanowire precursor；Weigh manganese dioxide presoma and nickel nitrate and Lithium hydrate powder, wherein before manganese dioxide
Drive body, nickel nitrate, the mol ratio of Lithium hydrate three are 1.5: 0.5: 1.05-1.06, and the mixture of three's powder is dissolved in 15mL
In dehydrated alcohol, it is stirred at room temperature to dry, then grinds 10 minutes, air is calcined, obtains uniform LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Receive
Rice rod.
Embodiment 2
It is 1.5: 0.5: 1-by the manganese dioxide presoma in embodiment 1, nickel nitrate, the mol ratio of Lithium hydrate three
1.04, other synthesis conditions keep constant and prepare LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Nano material.
Result cannot synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material.
Embodiment 3
Manganese dioxide presoma in embodiment 1, nickel nitrate, Lithium hydrate three's mixture are calcined in atmosphere time
Between shorten to 10-15h, other synthesis conditions keep constant preparing LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Nano material.
The result shortening calcination reaction time cannot synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material.
Embodiment 4
Do not use the manganese dioxide nanowire precursor in embodiment 1, substitute with the manganese dioxide granule of commercialization, other
Synthesis condition keeps constant and prepares LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Nano material.
Result cannot synthesize the LiNi of pure phase under identical condition0.5Mn1.5O4Material.
Electrochemical property test
LiNi prepared by embodiment 10.5Mn1.5O4Material, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binding agent according to
After the weight ratio mix homogeneously of 7:2:1, it is dispersed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution and obtains starchy mixture.Obtain
The paste mixture obtained is coated on aluminium foil, and at 90 DEG C of dried in vacuum overnight.Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Button cell (2016 types
Number) be assembled in be filled with in the glove box (Mbraum, Germany) of high-purity argon gas and carry out.
Using metal lithium sheet as negative pole, using polypropylene screen as barrier film, 1M LiPF6It is dissolved in ethyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate
(EC/DMC) (1:1, volume ratio) is as electrolyte, synthesis containing LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The pole piece of material is as battery just
Pole material.The charging and discharging performance test of lithium ion battery is carried out at room temperature in blue electrical testing system, the voltage of test
Scope is 3.5-5.0V reference and Li/Li+.Cyclic voltammetry is carried out in IM6ex electrochemical workstation system, test rate
For 0.1mV s-1。
Table 1 is the LiNi of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation0.5Mn1.5O4Material and other anode material for lithium-ion batteries electrification
Learn performance comparison.The most visible, prepared by the present invention LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The energy of electrode material and capability retention geometric ratio its
His positive electrode of kind is higher, and cycle life is longer；Relative to list of references 1(M.V.Reddy, H.Y.Cheng,
J.H.Tham, C.Y.Yuan, H.L.Goh, B.V.R.Chowdari, Electrochim.Acta, 2012,62,269-275.) and
The LiNi of application number 201310302143.3 preparation0.5Mn1.5O4Material, Nanorods Samples capability retention prepared by this method is high
Reach 99%.
Claims (6)
1. a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material, it is characterised in that described LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4For nanorod structure, it is a diameter of
30nm-50nm, a length of 1 μm-5 μm；Described LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Material is prepared by the following method: by manganese sulphate powder and height
After potassium manganate powder is dissolved in deionized water, stir, react at 150-160 DEG C, wash, be dried, obtain titanium dioxide
Manganese nanowire precursor；By above-mentioned manganese dioxide nanowire precursor, nickel nitrate, Lithium hydrate according to Mn: the mol ratio of Ni: Li
Be 1.5: 0.5: 1.05～1.06 mixture of powders be dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, be stirred at room temperature, be dried, grind, at 780-820 DEG C
Product is obtained after calcining.
2. a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4The preparation method of material, is dissolved in deionized water by manganese sulphate powder and potassium permanganate powder
After in, stir, react at 150-160 DEG C, wash, be dried, obtain manganese dioxide nanowire precursor；By above-mentioned dioxy
Change manganese nanowire precursor, nickel nitrate, Lithium hydrate according to Mn: the mol ratio of Ni: Li is the powder of 1.5: 0.5: 1.05～1.06
End mixture is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, be stirred at room temperature, be dried, grind, calcine at 780-820 DEG C after obtain product；Described dioxy
Change a diameter of 5nm-10nm of manganese nanowire precursor, a length of 1 μm-5 μm；Described calcining is in atmosphere with 5-10 DEG C/min
Heating rate be warming up to 780-820 DEG C of calcining.
Preparation method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the described response time at 150-160 DEG C is 10-
12h。
Preparation method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described in time is stirred at room temperature is 24-36h.
Preparation method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that after being warming up to 780-820 DEG C, constant temperature keeps 20-
24h。
6. with the LiNi described in claim 10.5Mn1.5O4Material is used as the lithium ion battery of positive electrode.
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| WO2020127526A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Lithium positive electrode active material |
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| CN104966830B (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2017-05-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method and application of rod-shaped lithium nickel manganese oxide material |
| CN107256964A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of preparation method of the bar-shaped nickel ion doped of high-voltage lithium-battery cathode material |
| CN112928244A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrode material, preparation method and battery |
| CN111087030A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 佛山科学技术学院 | LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Method for producing materials and use thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020127526A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Lithium positive electrode active material |
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