CN103761614A - Project progress management method based on critical chain - Google Patents
Project progress management method based on critical chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a project progress management method based on a critical chain. The project progress management method based on the critical chain comprises the following steps that (1) an initialization module is started and a basic framework of project management is generated; (2) a plan making module creates webs, makes a network planning chart and establishes a personnel and resource table; (3) a plan implementation module conducts an estimation on a time limit of a project according to the mean square error method, project buffer time and feeding buffer time are worked out, an MRCPSP module is established, and a final progress planning table constrained by a project logical relationship and resources is determined; (4) a plan tracking module monitors the implementation condition of the project and recognizes a project progress risk; (5) a project statistic module conducts statistics on the project workload and the resource use condition. By the adoption of the project progress management method based on the critical chain, dynamic management of the project implementation progress and the continuous improvement on the whole project management process are achieved on the premise that constraint conditions of the implementation time of jobs and the precedence relationship between the jobs are met and the resource constrain conditions are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of project process management method, particularly a kind of project process management method based on chaining key.
Background technology
Project process management refers in the project implementation process, the management that the time limit that progress degree and the project in each stage are finally completed carries out.In official hour, draft out reasonable and economic schedule (comprising the sub-plan of multiple management), in carrying out the process of this plan, often to check whether actual progress requires to carry out according to plan, if there is deviation, just to find out in time reason, take necessary remedial measures or adjustment, modification in the original plan, until project completes.Its objective is that Guarantee item can realize its overall goal meeting under the prerequisite of its time constraint condition.Project process management method mainly contains:
(1) Gantt chart, milestone figure etc.In illustrated mode, by effort scale and time scale, express visually activity command and the duration of any specific project.Substantially be a string diagram, transverse axis represents the time, and the longitudinal axis represents activity (project), lines be illustrated in whole during upper plan and actual activity performance.It shows when task scheduling carries out intuitively, and the contrast of actual development and requirements of plan.
(2) network planning technique.Utilize network chart to express the scheduling of plan target and the mutual relationship between work in every or operation wherein; Carry out on this basis network analysis, the computational grid time, determine critical process and critical circuits; And utilize the time difference, and constantly improve network planning, try to achieve the prioritization scheme of duration, resource and cost.More typically there are CPM (critical path method), PERT (programme evaluation and review technique), occur successively again in practice GERT (GERT), VERT (venture evaluation and review technique) etc.
CPM/PERT method is in practice process, priority logical relation between attention task, resource constraint relation between task is considered not enough, causing the critical path obtaining according to CPM/PERT method is not genuine and believable critical path, and the practicality of CPM/PERT method and operability are all very poor.Therefore, developed new project process management method-chaining key (Critical Chain Project Management, CCPM).
CCPM technology is a kind of novel project process administrative skill growing up on bounding theory basis.This technology has not only been considered relation constraint before execution time of operation and inter process tight, but also has considered the resource contention of inter process, has emphasized dynamic management in project implementation process and the Continual Improvement of whole project flow process.The difference following points of CCPM and CPM/PERT:
(1) CCPM has considered human factor and resource constraint, this be with network planning in the difference of CPM maximum.
(2) data that CPM is used are the conservative durations that comprise safety time; And the data most probable duration that CCPM is used, and safety time is taken out to centralized management.
(3) critical path is once just confirmable; And chaining key is can not be once just to determine, be one move in circles, the continuous process of optimizing;
(4) critical path has strict tight front tight rear relation, and chaining key does not have, but has more complicated logical relation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of project process management method based on chaining key, realization both meet execution time of work and workplace tight before relation constraint, meet again under resource constraint, project implementation process is carried out to dynamic management and whole project management flow process Continual Improvement.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A project process management method based on chaining key, this management method comprises the steps:
1) start initialization module, generate the basic framework of project management, carry out the management of project personnel, task, resource, the setting of the identification of chaining key, buffer zone, the formulation of plan and tracking, and the statistics of information;
2) plan module creation webs, formulates network planning figure, sets up personnel and resource table;
3) plan execution module is estimated task duration according to the method for mean square deviation, calculates item buffer time and feeding buffer time, sets up MRCPSP model, the final schedule diagram of the logical relation that sets the tasks and resource constraint;
4) plan tracking module is monitored the implementation status of project, and project process risk is identified;
5) project statistical module is added up the workload of project and resource service condition.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the logic restriction constraint between task had both been considered in the management of the project process based on chaining key, had also considered the resource constraint between task, had identified resource constraint and resource bottleneck, had determined the crucial link in project, more realistic application.
(2) management of the project process based on chaining key, in operational process, is provided with and comprises that three kinds are buffered in interior buffering, has taken into full account resource constraint and the project participant impact of cognitive ability at heart, and project process management has artistry more.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: project process management implementation flow process of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be illustrated in figure 1 project process management implementation flow process of the present invention, the implementation process of the project process management based on chaining key is completed jointly by five modules, and initialization module, plan are worked out, plan is carried out, plan is followed the tracks of and statistical module.Initialization module is responsible for the functions such as the startup of project and scale of the project estimation.Plan is worked out module and is mainly responsible for the functions such as stage definitions, task creation, personnel's establishment, resource typing and distribution.Plan execution module is mainly responsible for the functions such as chaining key is identified, the insertion of buffer zone, schedule regeneration.Plan tracking module and be mainly responsible for the functions such as the monitoring of Project Running Process, risk identification.Statistical module is mainly responsible for the functions such as statistics of resource using information, workload information.
(1) start initialization module
After initialization module starts, can generate the basic framework of project progress control, in this frame foundation, can finished item personnel, task, the management of resource, the setting of the identification of chaining key, buffer zone be, the formulation of plan and tracking, and the statistics of information, thereby complete the project process management based on chaining key.
(2) start plan and work out module
Start plan and work out after module, need to complete following content:
Create WBS: project deliverable achievement and project work are resolved into less, be easier to the process of the ingredient of management, to obtain the task list of project;
Work out network planning figure: set up the logical relation of each task after tight before tight;
Set up personnel, resource table, and be each task distribution personnel and resource.
(3) start plan execution module
Project process management method based on chaining key adopts the buffer zone of three kinds of forms: item buffer (PB:Project Buffer), input buffering (FB:Feeding Buffer) and resource pooling (RB:Resource Buffer).
Item buffer (PB): the project management based on chaining key is estimated task duration with 50% probability; then the duration of this part reduction is joined to the last of project; absorb the delay of movable (operation) on chaining key; the phase buffer being dispersed on each paths can be put together to management like this, be used for protecting total duration of project.
Wherein, in project, the size of the buffer zone of each task mainly adopts GOLDRATT method, clips and pastes method and average variance method is calculated.
Input buffering (FB): after determining chaining key; while importing from non-key chain to chaining key, in order to guarantee that the task on chaining key carries out as scheduled, need to insert between buffer zone at meet; be used for absorbing delay movable on non-key chain, the impact that protection chaining key is not incured loss through delay by non-key chain.
Resource pooling (RB): when certain resource drops into chaining key operation, and chaining key operation before it is while being used another resource, just need to insert resource pooling (RB).
Start after plan execution module, first according to the method for mean square deviation, task duration estimated, calculate item buffer time and feeding buffer time:
The most pessimistic time t of task duration
bwith most likely time t
mdifference be 2 times of standard deviations, all task duration mean square deviation sums estimation item buffer time, so item buffer time:
Equally, the feeding buffer time:
Identify project after buffering and feeding buffer, project implementation module will build MRCPSP model, and adopt formal style heuristic algorithm to carry out necessary adjustment to network chart, obtain the initial schedule of project.And the longest circuit of duration in initial schedule is made as to the chaining key of project.Then, plan execution module is position and the size of computational item buffering and feeding buffer, and cushions and join in the middle of schedule, obtains combining the final schedule diagram of the Logic of Tasks relation and resource constraint.
Chaining key is the longest task chain of having considered logic dependence between resource constraint and task.The identifying of chaining key we adopt the progress Arrangement (Multiple Resources Constrained Project Scheduling Problem, MRCPSP) under many resource constraints to describe.MRCPSP is can model description as follows:
Suppose:
Set T{a
i| i=1,2 ..., n} represents the set of tasks of n progress to be arranged;
Set R{R
k| k=1,2 ..., k} represents the available sum of k class resource; R
ikrepresent task a
itake the quantity of k class resource;
S set { S
i| i=1,2 ..., n} represents the Start Date of n task;
Set F{F
i| i=1,2 ..., n} represents the Close Date of n task;
EST (a
i) represent task a
iplan earliest start time;
EFT (a
i) represent task a
iplan earliest finish time;
Set A (t) { a
i| t<S
i<t+D
ithe set of tasks carried out of representative;
R
k(t)=∑ A (t) R
ikrepresent the summation of the t k class resource that ongoing set of tasks consumes constantly.
Logical relation between task can represent with digraph, D=<V, E>.V{v
1, v
2... v
nrepresent task vertexes collection, E={<v
i, v
j>|v
i, v
j∈ V} represents task v
itask v
jprevious task, v
jmust be at v
iafter completing, could start.MRCPSP can be described as:
minEF(a
j) (1)
s.t.S(a
i)+D(a
i)≤S(a
j),(<a
i,a
j>∈E) (2)
R
k(t)≤R
k (3)
P(ACEF(a
j)≤(SEF(a
j)+PB))≥P
0 (4)
Wherein, ACEF (a
j) expression task a
jthe physical end time; SEF (a
j) expression task a
jthe plan end time; PB is buffer size; P
0it is the expected probability of complete as planned; Objective function (1) is casual labourer's phase; Logical relation between constraint (2) expression task; Constraint (3) represents resource constraint; Constraint (4) represents that the probability of completion will be not less than expected probability according to schedule.
Adopt heuritic approach to solve above-mentioned model, the program obtaining meets the constraint of the Logic of Tasks relation and resource.The chaining key of the project that is that in program, circuit is the longest.
(4) plan tracking module
Start after plan tracking module, plan tracking module is monitored the implementation status to project, and project process risk is identified.Plan tracking module is mainly monitored project by buffer zone.When the consumption of buffer zone be less than the total buffer time 1/3 time, represent that the implementation status of project process is good, the final schedule diagram that execution module obtains according to schedule carries on related work.When [1/3,2/3] in the total buffer time of the consumption of buffer zone, represent that problem has appearred in the implementation status of project, continue to carry out down according to current progress, project has certain risk.At this moment should check the implementation status of project, and draft corresponding corrective action.When the consumption of buffer zone surpass the total buffer time 2/3 time, represent that serious problems have appearred in the implementation status of project, continue to carry out down according to current progress, project has very large risk, must take immediate steps project implementation situation is improved.In addition, plan tracking module also the implementation status of task is followed the tracks of, to task whether delay and resource whether abundance is pointed out.
(5) project statistical module
The service condition of project statistical module groundwork amount and resource is added up.By icon and histogrammic form, the workload that can understand lucidly project participant in project management, and the service condition of project resource, to instruct the plan of other project to work out.
Should be appreciated that the above detailed description of technical scheme of the present invention being carried out by preferred embodiment is illustrative and not restrictive.Those of ordinary skill in the art modifies reading the technical scheme that can record each embodiment on the basis of instructions of the present invention, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (4)
1. the project process management method based on chaining key, is characterized in that, this management method comprises the steps:
1) start initialization module, generate the basic framework of project management, carry out the management of project personnel, task, resource, the setting of the identification of chaining key, buffer zone, the formulation of plan and tracking, and the statistics of information;
2) plan module creation webs, formulates network planning figure, sets up personnel and resource table;
3) plan execution module is estimated task duration according to the method for mean square deviation, calculates item buffer time and feeding buffer time, sets up MRCPSP model, the final schedule diagram of the logical relation that sets the tasks and resource constraint;
4) plan tracking module is monitored the implementation status of project, and project process risk is identified;
5) project statistical module is added up the workload of project and resource service condition.
2. a kind of project process management method based on chaining key according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete grammar of setting up MRCPSP model in described step 3 is:
Suppose:
Set T{a
i| i=1,2 ..., n} represents the set of tasks of n progress to be arranged;
Set R{R
k| k=1,2 ..., k} represents the available sum of k class resource; R
ikrepresent task a
itake the quantity of k class resource;
S set { S
i| i=1,2 ..., n} represents the Start Date of n task;
Set F{F
i| i=1,2 ..., n} represents the Close Date of n task;
EST (a
i) represent task a
iplan earliest start time;
EFT (a
i) represent task a
iplan earliest finish time;
Set A (t) { a
i| t<S
i<t+D
ithe set of tasks carried out of representative;
R
k(t)=∑ A (t) R
ikrepresent the summation of the t k class resource that ongoing set of tasks consumes constantly.
Logical relation between task can represent with digraph, D=<V, E>, V{v
1, v
2... v
nrepresent task vertexes collection, E={<v
i, v
j>|v
i, v
j∈ V} represents task v
itask v
jprevious task, v
jmust be at v
iafter completing, could start; MRCPSP can be described as:
minEF(a
j) (1)
s.t.S(a
i)+D(a
i)≤S(a
j),(<a
i,a
j>∈E) (2)
R
k(t)≤R
k (3)
P(ACEF(a
j)≤(SEF(a
j)+PB))≥P
0 (4)
Wherein, ACEF (a
j) expression task a
jthe physical end time; SEF (a
j) expression task a
jthe plan end time; PB is buffer size; P
0it is the expected probability of complete as planned; Objective function (1) is casual labourer's phase; Logical relation between constraint (2) expression task; Constraint (3) represents resource constraint; Constraint (4) represents that the probability of completion will be not less than expected probability according to schedule.
3. a kind of project process management method based on chaining key according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the described item buffer time is:
4. a kind of project process management method based on chaining key according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the described feeding buffer time is:
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