CN103757460B - There is brush alloy and the purposes of aging hardening effect - Google Patents
There is brush alloy and the purposes of aging hardening effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN103757460B CN103757460B CN201410019995.6A CN201410019995A CN103757460B CN 103757460 B CN103757460 B CN 103757460B CN 201410019995 A CN201410019995 A CN 201410019995A CN 103757460 B CN103757460 B CN 103757460B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of brush alloy with aging hardening effect, it is 30 ~ 40% that this alloy compositions comprises weight percentage Ag; Cu is 12 ~ 20%; Pt is 0.5 ~ 2.5%; Au is 0.1 ~ 1.5%; Zn0.5 ~ 2.0%; Surplus is Pd; By solution treatment and ageing treatment, containing Cu in alloy
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase.This material contains Cu
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, hardness at high temperature and wear resistance improve, and are suitable for the working lining of the small DC electric motor brush used at making envrionment temperature 80 ~ 150 DEG C; This alloy is compounded in the surface of copper alloy, can cost-saving, improve mechanical property, give full play to the performance of materials at two layers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metallic substance, particularly one contains Cu
3pt and/or Cu
3the silver-colored palladium system high temperature sliding type alloy as electric contact material of the aging hardening effect of Au ordered phase and purposes.
Background technology
Reverser and brush plate are the core components of small-sized DC motor, the Main Load that in work, it bears is the sliding friction under live condition, sliding frictional wear and arc erosion are that reverser and brush lost efficacy to the damage that material causes, and finally cause the major cause that micromotor lost efficacy.And the temperature rise produced due to mechanical friction and galvanic action in electrical contact process can make the material of work hardening produce recrystallize, reduces its hardness and wear resistance, exacerbates the mechanical wear of material further.
Especially, when direct current micromotor works in hot environment (more than 80 DEG C), because envrionment temperature is high, the radiating effect of motor declines, and the temperature rise of brush and reverser contact surface comparatively significantly raises under normal temperature condition, and the softening and wearing and tearing of material are more serious, brush layer of precious metal is usually caused to wear away in early days, and and then aggravation electric arc, cause the serious arc erosion of material even to rupture, the micromotor life-span significantly shortened.Therefore, under these conditions, the high temperature abrasion resistance of brush material seems and is even more important.
The brush alloy mainly AgPd binary alloy generally used at present, Chinese invention patent 201110092385 reports and adds Cu, RE and alkali-metal palladium-silver system brush alloy, more traditional AgPd binary alloy has better wear resistance, and the solution strengthening due to Cu, the precipitation strength containing rare earth intermetallic compound, and the alkali-metal arc extinguishing effect of low melting point, the brush made with this alloy shows comparatively excellent effect in the environment of temperatures as high 70 DEG C.But use middle discovery, when envrionment temperature is elevated to 80 ~ 150 DEG C, the wearing and tearing of this kind of brush can significantly be accelerated, and arc erosion aggravates, and is difficult to meet service requirements.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of the existing brush alloy material described in background technology, provide a kind of brush alloy with aging hardening effect, this material contains Cu
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, has higher hardness, and under brush working conditions, the decline that its hardness raises with temperature is very little, still can keep higher hardness and wear resistance, meet the service requirements of high temperature micromotor in the Working environment of 80 ~ 150 DEG C.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Have the brush alloy of aging hardening effect, the weight percentage of each component is:
Above-mentioned brush alloy contains Cu
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, in order to ensure Cu
3pt and Cu
3the precipitation of Au ordered phase, the material that said components makes need carry out solution treatment and ageing treatment, and the holding temperature of wherein solution treatment is 850 ~ 950 DEG C, soaking time>=2min, and water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently; The holding temperature of ageing treatment is 350 ~ 500 DEG C, and soaking time>=2min, water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently.
For small DC electric motor brush slip electric contact composite material, with above-mentioned alloy for working lining, copper alloy is basic unit, wherein, and all or part of surface covering copper alloy of described working lining.
Above-mentioned brush alloy or matrix material may be used for small DC electric motor brush.
Above-mentioned brush may be used for small-sized DC motor.
In the present invention, Ag is the best metallic element of electroconductibility, and there is good corrosion resistance nature, it is the first-selected element of sliding type alloy as electric contact material, for brush material provides conduction and corrosion resistant basic guarantee, but the mechanical property of pure Ag is not enough, sulfuration resistant poor performance, be subject to arc erosion and melting welding, therefore must carry out its advantage of alloying competence exertion with other element.In the high temperature resistant brush alloy with aging hardening effect, if the content of Ag is lower than 30%, then the electroconductibility of alloy declines, and affects the output torque of motor; If the content of Ag is greater than 40%, then anti electric arc corrosion ability reduces, and brush is easily by arc erosion and even fracture.
In the present invention, Cu is also the very outstanding element of electroconductibility, and can produce excellent strengthening effect by alloy.In alloy of the present invention, part Cu is dissolved in the sosoloid of Pd and Ag, produces solution strengthening effect; The more important thing is, some Cu can form ordered phase Cu with the Pt in alloy
3pt, and form ordered phase Cu with Au
3au, by suitable solid solution and ageing treatment, these two kinds of ordered phases can be separated out in ag(e)ing process, produce significant ageing strengthening effect, put forward heavy alloyed hardness and wear resistance, and these ordered phase high-temperature stabilities are fine, when this brush alloy working temperature reaches 80 ~ 150 DEG C, still can very effectively keep its strengthening effect, thus substantially increase the high temperature abrasion resistance of brush, meet the applied at elevated temperature requirement of motor.If Cu content is lower than 12%, then can not effectively play ageing strengthening effect, if Cu content is higher than 20%, then can fall low-alloyed antioxidant property, in hot environment, easily occur too much oxide film and increase contact resistance.
In the present invention, the Main Function of Pt and Au forms ordered phase with Cu and produces ageing strengthening effect, also can carry heavy alloyed oxidation resistant corrosion resistance nature simultaneously.Two kinds of elements coordinate the effect added to be better than adding separately a kind of element, because the keeping the tiny of ordered phase with the use of being conducive to and being uniformly distributed of two kinds of different ordered phases, ensure that strengthening effect does not decline in long-term hot environment use procedure.If the addition of these two kinds of elements is lower than lower limit of the present invention, then can not obtain enough ageing strengthening effects; If higher than the upper limit, then reduce alloy conductive on the one hand, also increase cost of alloy on the other hand.
In the present invention, Zn is the element of a kind of low melting point, lower boiling, high-vapor-pressure, and its Main Function is in the alloy, 1) Zn can replace ordered phase Cu
3pt and/or Cu
3part Cu in Au, forms more complicated ordered phase, improves the high-temperature stability of these ordered phases, further strengthening material, improves the work-ing life under high temperature; 2) when producing electric arc in brush working process, Zn can volatilize arc extinguishing.If Zn content is lower than 0.5%, then its strengthening and arc extinguishing effect deficiency; If Zn content is higher than 2%, then the electroconductibility of alloy and resistance of oxidation decline.
In the present invention, Pd is the principal element improving Ag sulfuration resistant performance, and can further improve erosion resistance, also by putting forward heavy alloyed hardness and wear resistance with the solid solution of Ag, its fusing point is higher, also be conducive to the anti-electric-arc performance improving alloy, exist as surplus element in alloy of the present invention.
Alloy of the present invention needs could effectively play its good action by suitable solid solution and ageing treatment.Adopt solution treatment of the present invention, alloying element as much as possible can be dissolved in face-centred cubic AgPd sosoloid, and prevent these alloying elements from separating out in process of cooling; Ageing treatment can make Cu
3pt and/or Cu
3au ordered phase is even, disperse educt from matrix, plays its strengthening effect.
Applicant, by the interaction between systematic study alloying element and the change with content and temperature thereof, optimizes the Composition Design of alloy, and in conjunction with solution treatment and ageing treatment, obtains a kind of containing Cu
3pt and/or Cu
3au ordered phase has the brush alloy of ageing strengthening effect.This alloy still can keep higher hardness and wear resistance in the Working environment of 80 ~ 150 DEG C, its hardness raises the very little of decline with temperature, the requirement of 80 ~ 150 DEG C of high temperature micromotor Service Environment can be met, the working lining of the small DC electric motor brush used at being suitable as envrionment temperature 80 ~ 150 DEG C.
This alloy is compounded in the surface of copper alloy, not only can be cost-saving, but also can mechanical property be improved, the performance of materials at two layers is given full play to.
The brush alloy with aging hardening effect of the present invention, can be directly used in as brush material, also can be accorded with the surface being compounded in copper alloy, use as brush material, its principle selects according to the preparation technology of motor Service Environment and motor.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) adopt material of the present invention to make micro-motor brush, there is significant ageing strengthening effect, and the high-temperature stability of strengthening phase is good, the brush material used under being especially suitable for use as 80 ~ 150 DEG C of hot environments.
2) brush alloy of the present invention can adopt the manufacture of conventional vacuum melting technology, and equipment and process technology does not need special transformation, easy to implement in production.
3) when utilizing alloy of the present invention to make stratified composite, the technology and equipment of existing palladium-silver alloy/copper alloy electrical contact composite strip can be adopted to produce, technology is easy to grasp and implement, and also can not increase production cost.
4) in brush alloy of the present invention, each element scaling loss in fusion process is less, and in process of setting, component segregation is not serious, and thus its composition and homogeneity of ingredients easily ensure, are suitable for scale operation.
Embodiment
The alloying constituent of embodiment 1 to 12 is in table 1.
The preparation of above-mentioned alloy and treatment process are:
1) adopt vacuum induction melting to prepare alloy, wherein each element can master alloy form add, and also can form of pure metal add; That discard in production process, that composition is qualified scrap stock can also be utilized as the raw material preparing new alloy;
2) by preparation alloy cast ingot through techniques such as cogging, rolling, process annealing, drawings, be prepared into band or silk material.
3) adopt hot rolling, warm-rolling or cold rolling compounding technology, above-mentioned band or silk material and copper alloy are carried out compound, is made into stratified composite.
In order to ensure in alloy containing Cu
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, the alloy prepared by the proportioning described in table 1 needs to carry out solution treatment: solid solution temperature is 850 ~ 950 DEG C, and soaking time is not less than 2min, takes the mode cool to room temperature of air cooling or water-cooled to reach solid solution effect; The technique of ageing treatment is: be heated to temperature 350 ~ 500 DEG C in protective atmosphere, insulation, and the time is not less than 2min; after insulation; take the mode cool to room temperature of air cooling or water-cooled, reach required ageing strengthening effect, namely obtain the brush alloy with age hardening.This alloy has higher hardness, have significant ageing strengthening effect, and the high-temperature stability of strengthening phase is good, the brush material used under being especially suitable for use as 80 ~ 150 DEG C of hot environments.
Above-mentioned age hardening thermal treatment temp and hardness test result are in table 2.
By Rolling compund technology, be compounded on C7701 copper alloy by above-mentioned alloy, be made into a kind of laminar composite, wherein above-mentioned alloy is as working lining, and C7701 is as basic unit.
Then will state matrix material and be made into the brush of small-sized DC motor, and be assemblied in small-sized DC motor, carry out experiment of high-temperature load.Its pairing commutator material is AgCu4Ni0.5RE0.5/TU1.Brush material for contrasting is AgPd50/C7701.
Test condition is as follows:
Probe temperature :+80 ~ 150 DEG C
Testing load: 8gcm
Test voltage: 8V
Motor speed: 4000rpm
Drive manner: continuously
In test process, judged the working order of motor by the change detecting motor speed and electric current, when occurring that rotating speed or electric current exceed standard or shut down, be all judged to be end of life.
Test result is in table 3.
Table 3 embodiment 1 ~ 12 and Comparative examples A gPd50/C7701 life test result
Conclusion: above-mentioned test result shows, alloy of the present invention has good age hardening effect, at high temperature has excellent wear resistance.Making working lining, copper alloy with alloy of the present invention and make matrix material for basic unit, for making small DC electric motor brush, working under 80 ~ 150 DEG C of conditions, with traditional A
gthe made brush of Pd50 alloy is compared, and has longer work-ing life, reaches the object improving small-sized DC motor high-temperature behavior.
Claims (4)
1. have a brush alloy for aging hardening effect, it is characterized in that, it is 30 ~ 40% that this alloy compositions comprises weight percentage Ag; Cu is 12 ~ 20%; Pt is 0.5 ~ 2.5%; Au is 0.1 ~ 1.5%; Zn0.5 ~ 2.0%; Surplus is Pd; By solution treatment and ageing treatment, containing Cu in alloy
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, the method for described solution treatment is, holding temperature is 850 ~ 950 DEG C, soaking time>=2min, and water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently; The method of described ageing treatment is, holding temperature is 350 ~ 500 DEG C, soaking time>=2min, and water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently.
2. for small DC electric motor brush slip electric contact composite material, it is characterized in that, it is with the alloy of claim 1 for working lining, and copper alloy is basic unit, wherein, and all or part of surface covering copper alloy of working lining.
3. a small DC electric motor brush, is characterized in that, it uses the matrix material described in brush alloy or 2 described in claim 1.
4. a small-sized DC motor, is characterized in that, it uses the brush described in claim 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410019995.6A CN103757460B (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2014-01-16 | There is brush alloy and the purposes of aging hardening effect |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410019995.6A CN103757460B (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2014-01-16 | There is brush alloy and the purposes of aging hardening effect |
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| CN103757460A CN103757460A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| CN103757460B true CN103757460B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112063879B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-02-18 | 昆明贵研新材料科技有限公司 | High-conductivity high-elasticity palladium-based alloy, heat treatment process and application |
| CN113178760A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-27 | 瑞安市东成电机配件有限公司 | Silver-copper alloy material for manufacturing commutator copper sheet |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1003866B (en) * | 1987-03-28 | 1989-04-12 | 中国有色金属工业总工司昆明贵金属研究所 | Elastic electro-contact alloy of palladium, silver, copper and gallium with high strength |
| JP2555387B2 (en) * | 1987-12-08 | 1996-11-20 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing sliding contact brush |
| JPH05190241A (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-30 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Multiwire bundle sliding contact |
| JPH08283885A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-10-29 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Sliding contact material and clad material and direct current compact motor using the same |
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