CN103749148B - A kind of rape stubble sesame cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of rape stubble sesame cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749148B CN103749148B CN201410059911.1A CN201410059911A CN103749148B CN 103749148 B CN103749148 B CN 103749148B CN 201410059911 A CN201410059911 A CN 201410059911A CN 103749148 B CN103749148 B CN 103749148B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, disclose a kind of rape stubble sesame cultivation method.The field layout of face, original railway carriage or compartment and three ditches is retained after stubble rape harvest before cultivation method of the present invention, clean out rape stalk, siliqua of oilseed rape after threshing is evenly divided and is sprinkling upon large Tanaka, then table soil is directly harrowed along face, railway carriage or compartment, again directly harrow table soil after uniform broadcasting sesame seed along face, railway carriage or compartment sesame seed is covered, seal weeds after completing, carry out field management to results, period intertills when sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, carry out and broadcast sowing bar Manifold technology and plant by the mode of wide-and narrow-row, narrow row 20-30cm, wide row 50-60cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.The present invention sows sesame on rape stubble, with siliqua of oilseed rape also field, optimizes cropping system, facilitates plantation diversity, and recycling crude oil field of vegetables three ditch, saves recruitment, finally improve the output of sesame.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, particularly a kind of rape stubble sesame cultivation method.
Background technology
Sesame is the outstanding person of the large edible oil materials crop of China four, is one of main oil crop of China.The using value that sesame seed products tool is higher, its seed oil content is up to 61%, and the special food of the name that China just has many sesames and sesame oil to make from ancient times and delicious food, be world-famous for always.
The light simple culture technique of sesame mainly contains wheat stubble sesame no-tillage and direct-seeding planting technology, sesame " dual fail-safe " seeding technique, rape stubble sesame lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil double-deck seeding technique, sesame mechanized cultivation technology, sesame Technology of Fluid Seeding etc.It is wheat that wheat stubble sesame no-tillage and direct-seeding planting technology is applied to first crop crop, and after harvesting wheat, the time, temperature was high generally at early and middle ten days in June, and soil moisture content is poor, and live full stand is difficult to ensure.Sesame " dual fail-safe " seeding technique, rape stubble sesame technology such as double-deck seeding technique, sesame mechanized cultivation technology, sesame Technology of Fluid Seeding of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil all need to plough soil, weather conditions affect farming on the one hand, output is not fully up to expectations, plough on the other hand and increase input, benefit reduces.Factors limits the output of sesame.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of light simple cultivation method of rape stubble sesame that can improve Sesame Seed Yield.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of rape stubble sesame cultivation method, the field layout of face, original railway carriage or compartment and three ditches is retained after front stubble rape harvest, clean out rape stalk, siliqua of oilseed rape after threshing is evenly divided and is sprinkling upon large Tanaka, then table soil is directly harrowed along face, railway carriage or compartment, again directly harrow table soil after uniform broadcasting sesame seed along face, railway carriage or compartment sesame seed is covered, seal weeds after completing, carry out field management to results, period intertills when sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, carry out and broadcast sowing bar Manifold technology and plant by the mode of wide-and narrow-row, narrow row 20-30cm, wide row 50-60cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.
The needs that rape stubble sesame cultivation method all at present grows for sesame, have all carried out real tillage operation, and the secondary that also carried out had broadcasts sowing.And the present invention cultivating operation to reduce, directly once broadcasting sowing under the face, railway carriage or compartment of stubble rape and three ditches before reservation and carrying out sesame cultivating and growing, and the sesame line space optimized after intertillage and planting patterns.The present invention also changes traditional by the way in rape stalk also field, adopts the fruit of the angle after by threshing also field, provides special dietary, be adapted to this novel sesame cultivation method of the present invention, guarantee the high yield that sesame is last.
Meanwhile, the field influence of arrangement of sesame is to the last output of sesame, and the present invention preferably adopts the field layout being suitable for rape and sesame two kinds of crops further for this reason, and namely the field layout of described face, original railway carriage or compartment and three ditches is:
Railway carriage or compartment face length 20m, railway carriage or compartment face width 2.0-2.5m, higher than both sides 2-3cm in the middle of face, railway carriage or compartment; The width of railway carriage or compartment ditch, gutter and waist ditch is 0.3-0.4m, and the degree of depth is all more than or equal to 0.3m, three ditch intercommunications; Adjacent two waist ditch spacing are that a railway carriage or compartment is long, and adjacent two railway carriage or compartment ditch spacing are that a railway carriage or compartment is wide.
Three ditches of the present invention have in this area and clearly define, in order to description clearly, the schematic diagram of composition graphs 1 of the present invention carries out simplicity of explanation, three ditches refer to gutter, railway carriage or compartment ditch and Yao Gou, described gutter is the ditch on limit, land for growing field crops four, and railway carriage or compartment ditch is the ditch being parallel to long, wide perpendicular to railway carriage or compartment and the waist ditch in railway carriage or compartment, and waist ditch is the ditch being parallel to wide, long perpendicular to railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment ditch in railway carriage or compartment, described three ditches are communicated with mutually, and wherein said railway carriage or compartment ditch is advisable with north-south.
When sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, employing is broadcasted sowing bar Manifold technology and is hoed the fields in conjunction with intertillage, and retained for the sesame of normal growth strip, reject the seedling beyond row, be similar to the planting patterns after drilling, adjust sesame is wide-and narrow-row simultaneously.Wide-and narrow-row of the present invention refers to that sesame plants a line with wide row 50-60cm kind, then plants a line with narrow row 20-30cm kind, and adjacent lines sesame repeats plantation with the spacing that width replaces.
As preferably, described sesame is the high-quality such as Henan sesame 11 or middle sesame 15 resistance to stain evil kind.
As preferably, each straight rake table soil is 2-3 time.
As preferably, described sealing weeds are:
With 50% acetochlor ec or 72% isopropyl methoxalamine (all you) missible oil, with missible oil: the volume mass of water sparges earth's surface than 100-150mL:30-50kg, carry out broadcasting weeding before rear bud.In addition, if weeds are more after seedling, in the weeds 2-4 leaf phase, every mu of use 15% fluazifop-p-butyl 60-75ml carries out cauline leaf spraying to water 40-50kg, control monocotyledon weed; Every mu of use 25% prowers 60-75ml carries out cauline leaf spraying to water 40-50kg, control broadleaf weed; Single, double cotyledon sprays after mixing more than the optional use in raw plot two kinds of composite reagents.
The suitable date of seeding of sesame, is generally early and middle ten days in June, be generally on June 10 to 15, and the present invention is in conjunction with cropping pattern of the present invention, being mid or late May as preferably sesame being broadcasted sowing time advance, being generally on May about 20, the growth characteristics of sesame and cropping pattern are matched, won advantage in season simultaneously, avoiding the harm of wet season of summer to Characteristics of Sesame, extend the vegetative growth phase of sesame, making further guarantee for improving output.
As preferably, described intertillage is specially:
When sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, manually carry out loosing soil with hoe, shallow hoe near seedling, all the other local dark hoes, ridging is simultaneously stopped up root, hoes up weeds, is uprooted Brassica campestris L seedling.
Intertillage is beneficial to loosing soil, breathes freely well; It is anti-down that ridging heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots root is beneficial to wind resistance.Do not intertill before rain is adhered in intertillage.During intertillage, hoe up weeds, uproot Brassica campestris L seedling, loosen the soil, reject that dense sesame seedling supervisor is disposable to be completed.
Cultivation method per mu yield more than sesame 80kg of the present invention, increases production more than 20kg, mu volume increase more than 30% with tradition mu compared with cultivation of turning over, mu volume increase value is more than 180 yuan, every mu cost-saving more than 300 yuan, every mu adds up to additional income 480 yuan, and increase production and improve productivity abridged edition remarkable benefit.
From above technical scheme, the present invention sows sesame on rape stubble, with siliqua of oilseed rape also field, optimizes cropping system, facilitates plantation diversity, and recycling crude oil field of vegetables three ditch, saves recruitment, finally improve the output of sesame.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that the face, railway carriage or compartment of front stubble rape and the schematic layout pattern of three ditches (gutter, railway carriage or compartment ditch and Yao Gou).
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of rape stubble sesame cultivation method, those skilled in the art can use for reference present disclosure, and suitable improving technique parameter realizes.Special needs to be pointed out is, all similar replacements and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they are all deemed to be included in the present invention.Method of the present invention is described by preferred embodiment, related personnel obviously can not depart from content of the present invention, spirit and scope methods and applications as herein described are changed or suitably change with combination, realize and apply the technology of the present invention.
Field management of the present invention refer to agriculture field optimum period topdress, prevention and elimination of disease and pests etc., correspond to sesame field of planting and be generally:
Optimum period, topdresses: sesame waterlogging tolerance in seedling stage is poor, when the jaundice of, seedling look many at rainwater, topdresses and will repeatedly use, every 10 days every mu chase after urea 5kg.Emphasis topdresses at initial bloom stage, to mix that urea 5kg is mixed to be executed for every mu with composite fertilizer 10kg.Respectively spray boron fertilizer once in flower bud phase and florescence, spraying concentration is advisable with 0.2% ~ 0.4%, and namely every 50kg water converts boron fertilizer 100 ~ 200g, every mu, with solution about 50kg, is carried out, can promote root growth before at 10 in the morning or after at 4 in afternoon, improve individual plant capsule number, increase grain weight.
Integrated pest prevention and control: the diseases such as sesame. bacterial wilt, sesame fusarium wilt, stalk of sesame point rot can adopt 90% epidemic disease frost spirit every mu of 50-100g to be watered 30kg to carry out spraying and prevent and treat.The insects such as cutworm, beet armyworm, sesame hawkmoth can be watered 75-100kg control by every mu of sprinkling 40% chlorophos missible oil 2000-3000 times of liquid.
The method that above field management can adopt this area conventional as the case may be.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, set forth the present invention further.
Embodiment 1:
1, cultivation method of the present invention
The field layout of face, original railway carriage or compartment and three ditches is retained after front stubble rape harvest, clean out rape stalk, siliqua of oilseed rape after threshing is evenly divided and is sprinkling upon large Tanaka, then table soil is directly harrowed along face, railway carriage or compartment, again directly harrow table soil after uniform broadcasting Henan sesame 11 seed (on May about 20) along face, railway carriage or compartment sesame seed is covered, seal weeds after completing, carry out field management to results, period intertills when sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, carry out and broadcast sowing bar Manifold technology and plant by the mode of wide-and narrow-row, narrow row 25cm, wide row 55cm, spacing in the rows 17.5cm.Every mu is stayed seedling 8000-10000 strain.
Wherein, face, original railway carriage or compartment and three ditches are:
Railway carriage or compartment face length 20m, railway carriage or compartment face width 2.25m, higher than both sides 2.5cm in the middle of face, railway carriage or compartment; The width of railway carriage or compartment ditch, gutter and waist ditch is 0.35m, degree of depth 0.5m, three ditch intercommunications; Adjacent two waist ditch spacing are that a railway carriage or compartment is long, and adjacent two railway carriage or compartment ditch spacing are that a railway carriage or compartment is wide.
Intertillage is operating as:
When sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, manually hoe the fields with hoe, shallow hoe near seedling, prevents from hindering root, and wide interline is uprooted deeply, reaches loosing soil, breathes freely well.Root is stopped up in ridging simultaneously, and wind resistance is anti-down.Do not intertill before adhering to rain.During intertillage, hoe up weeds, uproot Brassica campestris L seedling, loosen the soil, reject that dense sesame seedling supervisor is disposable to be completed.
After results, statistics sesame per mu yield is more than 80kg, and per mu yield value is more than 720 yuan, every mu of consuming cost about 180 yuan.
2, tradition is turned over cultivation method
After rape harvesting, be placed in field and carry out after-ripening airing, after angle fruit all turns yellow, beat threshing, stalk carries out burning or shifting out field together with being deposited in angle fruit.Apply fertilizer to the subsoil, soil ploughed by machinery, destroys original face, rape railway carriage or compartment and three ditches, rakes the soil level according to soil moisture content in good time, and post-trenching ridging of raking the soil level does furrow, the wide 4m in general railway carriage or compartment, the long 25m in railway carriage or compartment, three ditch furrow width 0.2m, and three ditch ditch depth 0.2m, do not do waist ditch, only do railway carriage or compartment ditch and gutter.Then trench digging drilling Henan sesame 11, earthing lid seed of after planting manually raking the soil level, herbicide spraying carries out earth's surface and closes down weeds.Thinning during sesame 2 pairs of true leaves, 4-5, to final singling during true leaf, more than the strain of every mu of density 1.2 ten thousand, in about 10 days June of date of seeding, runs into rainy weather, and soil moisture is large, can not broken ground, be deferred to sowing later on June 15.While a final singling, intertill, reject weeds, Brassica campestris L seedling, dense sesame seedling, random large, seedling is not embarked on journey, and general intertillage 2-3 time, intertills same the present invention.The same the present invention of field management.
After results, statistics sesame per mu yield is 60kg, and per mu yield value is 540 yuan, and every mu consumes tractor-ploughing, the cost more than 480 yuan such as artificial.
3, Comparative result
By the output of two kinds of methods and output value contrast, can obviously find out, per mu yield of the present invention increases more than 20kg, mu increases the output value more than 180 yuan, cost-saving more than 300 yuan, simultaneously, alleviate labour intensity, decrease the destruction of mechanical cultivation to soil plough horizon, in table 1 and table 2.
Input/income the comparison in difference of this technology of table 1 and conventional art
This technology of table 2 compares with the input/income of conventional art (unit: unit/mu)
| Tractor-ploughing | Seed | Fertilizer | Agricultural chemicals | Total input | The output value | |
| This technology | 40 | 15 | 80 | 30 | 165 | 720 |
| Conventional art | 120 | 9 | 80 | 20 | 229 | 540 |
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a rape stubble sesame cultivation method, it is characterized in that, the field layout of face, original railway carriage or compartment and three ditches is retained after front stubble rape harvest, clean out rape stalk, siliqua of oilseed rape after threshing is evenly divided and is sprinkling upon large Tanaka, then table soil is directly harrowed along face, railway carriage or compartment, again directly harrow table soil after uniform broadcasting sesame seed along face, railway carriage or compartment sesame seed is covered, weeds are sealed after completing, carry out field management to results, period intertills when sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, carry out and broadcast sowing bar Manifold technology and plant by the mode of wide-and narrow-row, narrow row 20-30cm, wide row 50-60cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the field layout of described face, original railway carriage or compartment and three ditches is:
Railway carriage or compartment face length 20m, railway carriage or compartment face width 2.0-2.5m, higher than both sides 2-3cm in the middle of face, railway carriage or compartment; The width of railway carriage or compartment ditch, gutter and waist ditch is 0.3-0.4m, and the degree of depth is all more than or equal to 0.3m, three ditch intercommunications; Adjacent two waist ditch spacing are that a railway carriage or compartment is long, and adjacent two railway carriage or compartment ditch spacing are that a railway carriage or compartment is wide.
3. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sesame is Henan sesame 11 or middle sesame 15.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each straight rake table soil is 2-3 time.
5. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sealing weeds are:
With 50% acetochlor ec or 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil, with missible oil: the volume mass of water sparges earth's surface than 100-150mL:30-50kg, carry out broadcasting weeding before rear bud.
6. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described sesame time of broadcasting sowing is mid or late May.
7. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described intertillage is specially:
When sesame grows to 4-5 leaf, manually carry out loosing soil with hoe, shallow hoe near seedling, all the other local dark hoes, ridging is simultaneously stopped up root, hoes up weeds, is uprooted Brassica campestris L seedling.
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| CN104186139A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Reasonable and efficient planting method for wheat stubble sesame |
| CN105594422A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-25 | 狄正兴 | Slope field horizontal bedding and straw application cultivation method for sesame |
| CN105474968A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-13 | 狄正兴 | Tillage method for covering spaces between sesame lines with rape stalk |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102090240A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 娄可贞 | Method for cultivating sesame seeds with high yield |
| CN103190276A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-10 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation technique for drought resisting and seedling protecting of sesame |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102090240A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 娄可贞 | Method for cultivating sesame seeds with high yield |
| CN103190276A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-10 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation technique for drought resisting and seedling protecting of sesame |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 优质芝麻新品种皖芝2号选育与高产栽培技术;汪强等;《安徽农学通报》;20111231;第17卷(第21期);第62-64、67页 * |
| 优质高产芝麻新品种皖芝1号选育与配套技术;汪强等;《安徽农业科学》;20091231;第37卷(第32期);第16182-16184页 * |
| 江淮地区芝麻种植现状、低产原因及高产栽培技术;赵莉等;《安徽农业科学》;20101231;第38卷(第23期);第12397-12399页 * |
| 芝麻高产配套轻简栽培基本技术;芝麻研究室;《现代农业科技》;20091231(第5期);第288-291、301页 * |
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