CN103744694B - Dynamic partition searcher and its method based on Nand flash memories - Google Patents
Dynamic partition searcher and its method based on Nand flash memories Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of dynamic partition searcher and its method based on Nand flash memories, including：Edition upgrading module, the binary system execution unit that will be pre-stored in each subregion of dynamic partition sequentially assembles and is merged into file and adds version header；Writable Version module, burning version assembling is carried out by the order of N number of subregion of actual storage in Nand flash memories successively；Burning module：When needing burning version file to Nand flash memories, the writable version with ECC algorithm is burnt in Nand flash memories；Dynamic partition parsing module：For searching for version head when bootstrap starts, the bulk state that the information and Nand flash memories recorded according to version head is searched successively constructs dynamic partition table, and kernel obtains to construct kernel partition table by way of bootstrap delivery context variable or by way of dynamic partition table is shared into same section of untapped internal memory.Using the present invention, redundant block can be reduced while bad block is solved, improve the utilization rate of storage medium.
Description
Technical field
Nand flash memories are based on the present invention relates to data storage technology, more particularly to one kind（Flash）Dynamic partition search
Devices and methods therefor, belongs to the Unix/Linux end products of Nand Flash as storage medium using cd-rom recorder burning two
During system version file, there is bad block（Bad Block）In the case of the preventing mechanism that can not normally run of system.
Background technology
As the functional requirement that user possesses to end product is more and more, its corresponding software version is also into incremental
Trend.As most of terminal devices based on (SuSE) Linux OS, traditional storage mode be all using Nor Flash as
Storage medium.But because Nor Flash capacity is smaller, or too high etc. reason of cost has slowly become discomfort and used.With
This is on the contrary, using Nand Flash as storage medium because capacity is big, read or write speed is fast, the low advantage of cost starts to turn into family
Gateway, set top box, the preferred storage medium of the terminal device such as front monitoring front-end product.
During mass product batch dispatches from the factory, in order to improve efficiency, it will typically be needed using special cd-rom recorder
In the data write-in Nand Flash of burning, it is therefore desirable to which special recordable paper, the good block of recordable paper are provided for cd-rom recorder
Directly affect the efficiency and yield of product volume production.
In the prior art, two methods typically generate recordable paper.A kind of simple method is to first pass through conventional side
Formula, by network, the mode such as serial ports or USB completes the upgrading of a product, then by Nand Flash from the product upgraded
In all data read-outs come, generate burning version file.Another method be by compile generation each binary file according to
The district location of their actual storages on Nand Flash carries out the carry out 0xFF of assembling merging, not up to actual partition size
Filling, ultimately produces burning version file.
Nand Flash characteristic determines when dispatching from the factory or is likely to produce bad block in use.If
Cd-rom recorder Nand Flash before burning have generated bad block, or generate during burning bad block, and cd-rom recorder is by two
After system burning version file is all burnt on Flash, the partition content of actual storage will be with original rule on Nand Flash
The partition content drawn will produce corresponding skew, as shown in Figure 1.And the system of Linux terminal equipment starts and file system
Carry is carried out in the way of subregion, then kernel or file system may just face the problem of can not normally starting.
At present, many producers in order to avoid due to bad block reason cause system can not starting problem, it is commonplace to use
A kind of method is first to be burnt to uboot bootstrap in Nand Flash by cd-rom recorder or other method, is then passed through
Uboot bootstrap downloads the other parts of burning, such as kernel, file system etc. in the way of software.Although this method energy
Enough avoid causing the problem of system be cannot get up due to bad block, but production efficiency is low.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of dynamic partition searcher based on Nand Flash
And its method, it can not realize simple, efficient burning Nand Flash version files, the version of burning to solve prior art
File can start the problem of probability is low.And for solving to be to evade due to the characteristic that Nand flash storage mediums have bad block
It is necessary for the problem of each subregion reserves waste of storage space caused by a number of unnecessary redundant block.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memories, the device includes edition upgrading module, writable version
Module, burning module and dynamic partition parsing module；Wherein：
Edition upgrading module, the binary system execution unit for each subregion by dynamic partition is pre-stored in sequentially assembles conjunction
And into a file, and add version header part；
Writable Version module, for the order of N number of subregion of actual storage in Nand flash memories to be carried out into burning version successively
This assembling；The binary system execution unit and edition upgrading module being pre-stored by N-M static partition carry out assembling merging；
Burning module：For when needing burning version file into Nand flash memories, by described with the writable of ECC algorithm
Version is supplied to cd-rom recorder, and the writable version file is burnt in Nand flash memories by the cd-rom recorder；
Dynamic partition parsing module：For searching for version head when bootstrap starts, the information recorded according to version head
The bulk state searched successively with Nand flash memories constructs dynamic partition table, the side that kernel passes through bootstrap delivery context variable
Formula obtains to construct kernel partition table by way of dynamic partition table is shared into same section of untapped internal memory.
Wherein, described edition upgrading module, for being alignd by block in the way of record each dynamic partition storage file
Actual size.
In the case of being additionally operable to the bootstrap in Nand flash memories and normally starting, the edition upgrading file is used to lead to
The mode for crossing software carries out the online upgrading renewal of version.
In the writable Version module, if the N-M pre-stored binary system execution unit of static partition is not up to
The partition size, then it is described not up to part need to be filled by 0xFF.
In the writable Version module, each part assembling merging is finished, and phase is added further according to specific hardware circuit
ECC algorithm is answered to be filled.
A kind of dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memories, this method includes：
A, acquisition raw partition information, the raw partition information includes N number of subregion and the space of each subregion is big
Small, wherein N is positive integer；
B, it will need to be merged into static partition C one big with the number of partitions M of dynamic construction sector search method；Wherein
M is positive integer, and 1<M<N；
C, initial address and partition size according to subregion C, it is specific soft by being searched for since subregion C initial address
Part version header, and each subregion initial address and dynamic partition size are determined according to version header and bulk state；Pass through version
The actual binary document size information of each partitioned storage recorded in this and the bulk state of detection C subregions, generate M subregion
Dynamic partition table；
D, by described dynamic partition table by way of environmental variance or by dynamic partition table share same section be not used
Internal memory mode pass to kernel construction kernel partition table information.
Wherein：Each subregion initial address and dynamic partition size are determined according to version header and bulk state described in step C
Process, specifically include：
C1, specific software version header is searched for since the initial address of described C subregions, it is current when detecting
Bulk state is bad block, then adds 1 by bad block；When detecting current bulk state preferably, then the block specific software version head knot is read
The data content of structure size determines whether version head；If block storage is not version head, continue to detect next successively
The state of block；If version head, then according to the binary file size of each subregion actual storage of acquisition of information of version head
Relevant information；
C2, when search out be the block of storage version header when, continue to detect next piece of state, if bad block, then
Bad block is added 1；When the bulk state detected preferably, then the storage of this block be exactly the 1st dynamic partition inside M subregions starting
Address；The size of the subregion recorded according to version header and the bulk state searched successively can determine that the 1st dynamic point
The termination address in area.
This method further comprises：When changing the mode of the original construction kernel partition table of kernel, bootstrap will dynamic
Partition table passes to kernel by way of environmental variance or by the mode that dynamic partition table shares same section of untapped internal memory
Construct kernel partition table information.
It is described according to the version header, by i-th dynamic partition initial address and version header record i-th
The block number of individual dynamic partition actual storage file size can determine the initial address of i+1 dynamic partition, wherein 1<=i<=
M；Specially：The initial address of the dynamic partition of the initial address of i+1 dynamic partition=i-th+（I-th of dynamic partition bad block
Block number shared by the actual file content of number+i-th dynamic partition storage）* block size.
Before the execution dynamic partition search, in addition to：
Generate the update version document with particular version header；The update version document is by version header structure body and needs
The binary system for constructing the corresponding storage of M dynamic partition performs file composition；It is successively read being pre-stored in for compiling generation
I-th（1<=i<=M）Individual dynamic partition binary file, and assembling merging is carried out according to actual subregion order, and by each subregion
The file size of actual storage be recorded in the corresponding structure of version head, and each part is alignd in the way of block.
Before the execution dynamic partition search, in addition to：Dynamic partition construction searching algorithm is placed on bootstrap
It is middle to perform, and performed before bootstrap Boot Dernel；And first block of first subregion in the Nand flash memories
Write bootstrap.
It is provided by the present invention to be based on Nand flash memories（Flash）Dynamic partition searcher and its method, with following
Advantage：
The device of the present invention, by the way of by software will individually online upgrading be burnt to each subregion binary system it is literary
The creative assembling of part progress, which is merged into, can directly use the burning version file of the direct programming of Nand Flash cd-rom recorders；
Dynamic partition searching algorithm is added before bootstrap Boot Dernel code, dynamic partition can be constructed in real time in every subsystem
Table；The size of each dynamic partition is the binary file size of actual storage, it is not necessary to the block of reserved redundancy, saves Nand
Flash memory space, improves the utilization rate of storage.And need not use traditional comparatively laborious flow just can be real
The burning of existing Nand Flash version files, is realized simply, and suitable for the mass production applications of product.Accelerate going out for product
Goods speed, improves the production efficiency of producing line, reduces the human cost of production.Due to having used real-time dynamic partition to construct
Algorithm, it is 100% that the version file of burning, which can start probability, is not in the problem of system can not normally start.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to use structural representation of the prior art by cd-rom recorder burning version file；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of dynamic partition device of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash；
Fig. 3 is the implementation process figure of dynamic partition searching algorithm of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash；
Fig. 4 is for the burning version structure of dynamic partition device of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash and in Nand
Storage organization schematic diagram on Flash.
【Critical piece symbol description】
401：Uboot areas
402：User configuring area
403：Firware areas
404：Version head
405：Kernel
406：File system
407：Firware file system
408：Burnrom versions
409：NAND Flash physical regions.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the invention to the present invention dynamic partition searcher and its method make into one
Step detailed description.
Construction dynamic partition, each subregion can not be carried out according to the file size of actual each partitioned storage in the prior art
Certain redundant block, which will be reserved, is used as bad block that use is lost.These redundant blocks are substantially all in idle condition in most cases,
Waste substantial amounts of storage resource.And in the prior art using the version file of cd-rom recorder burning often due to Nand Flash
There is a situation where that bad block causes the bootable probability of system very low.
The dynamic partition searching method based on Nand Flash that the present invention is provided, can be according to being stored in Nand Flash
Actual size in chip file constructs dynamic partition, and the dynamic partition size each constructed is actual storage binary system text
Part size.And dynamic partition information need not be stored onto related storage medium, directly pass through the environment of bootstrap
The mode of variable or the mode of shared drive pass to kernel to construct the dynamic partition information of kernel.
Fig. 4 is for the burning version structure of dynamic partition device of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash and in Nand
Storage organization schematic diagram on Flash.The present invention is illustrated by taking the structure of single version as an example to described searching method.
As shown in figure 4, the physical storage structure for a single version linux system on Nand Flash.The system
Nand Flash physical regions 409 are made up of uboot areas 401, user configuring area 402, kernel 405 and file system 406 originally.
The subregion of original kernel 405 and file system 406 is now merged into a static partition fireware area 403.
Its first purpose be in order to without searching for version header from the first BOB(beginning of block) of storage medium, can save sector search when
Between.Purpose two is for the ease of the online software upgrade of firmware version files 407.
Uboot guidance codes are changed, inner core region and file system area can be merged into a big static partition, and increase
Plus the static partition based on merging constructs the searching algorithm of dynamic partition.
Fig. 3 is the implementation process figure of dynamic partition searching algorithm of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash.Such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, the step includes：
Step 301：Initializing variable.Bad block number bad_block=0 before kernel starting, kernel starting is terminated to kernel
Between bad block number kbad_block=0, kernel be terminated to file system starting between bad block number fbad_block=0；It is good
Block：block=0；
Step 302：Searched for from the 0th BOB(beginning of block) in static partition fireware areas 403.The size of static partition is by kernel
405, what file system 406 and redundant block were determined.The size of redundant block needs to be set according to the suggestion percent value of chip producer
Put.
Step 303：Determine whether bad block.If bad block, bad_block++, next piece of search simultaneously comes back to step
Rapid 303.
Step 304：Judge whether it is version head, if it is not, block++, returns to step 303.
Step 305：The size of kernel and file system is obtained according to version header.
Step 306：Next piece of search, determines whether bad block, if bad block, bad_block++, and next piece of search is simultaneously
Come back to step 306.
Step 307：Kernel initial address is found, next piece is continued search for.
Step 308：Determine whether bad block, if bad block, kbad_block++；Next piece of search simultaneously returns to step
308。
Step 309：Whether searched for block is judged in inner core region, if -- kernel_blocks！Block where=1 explanation is also
It is to belong to inner core region, continues search for next piece, return to step 308.
Step 310：Obtain the termination block address of inner core region.So as to can just calculate the start-stop area of dynamic core subregion
Between.
Step 311：Next piece of search, determines whether bad block, if bad block, fbad_block++；Jump to step
311。
Step 312：Obtain the initial address of file system.Can using static partition remaining piece be all used as file system
Area.The benefit of this method is can to reduce number of partitions.Without being configured remaining piece as an independent subregion.Together
When improve search speed, obtain after the initial address of file system just without search.Flash profit can additionally be improved
With rate.
Step 313：The static partitioned mode of linux kernel is revised as dynamic partitioned mode, i.e., moved using in uboot
The new partition table that state searching method is calculated by dynamic partition table by way of environmental variance or by sharing to same section
Obtained in untapped internal memory.The partition information that now kernel starts is exactly newest use dynamic partition searching algorithm
Real time partitioned information.
In order to realize the dynamic partition searching method described in step 301~step 313, the static partition after merging must be deposited
Storage firmware version files 407 as shown in Figure 4.The update version document is by version first 404, linux kernel 405, root
File system 40 carries out assembling merging in the way of block size aligns and formed.Version first 404 is used to recognize firmware versions text
The data structure of the information such as the binary file size such as part 407 and record linux kernel 405, root file system 406.
For needing to construct during the embodiment of N number of dynamic partition, N>=2, the search procedure of preceding N-1 subregion presses step 302
The order of~step 312 is carried out.The initial address of the subregion of the initial address of i+1 subregion=i-th+（I-th of subregion bad block
Block number shared by the actual file content of+i-th partitioned storage of number）* block size.Wherein, the static partition before dynamic partition
Number<i<Static partition number before N+ dynamic partitions.When searching the initial address of last dynamic partition, so that it may
Using remaining memory space as the dynamic partition size.
Fig. 2 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of dynamic partition of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash.As shown in Fig. 2
The device of the dynamic partition based on Nand Flash, mainly includes：Edition upgrading module 201, writable Version module 202,
Burning module 203 and dynamic partition parsing module 204.Wherein：
Edition upgrading module 201：For the binary system execution unit for being pre-stored in each subregion of dynamic sequentially to be assembled into merging
Into a file, and add version header part；It is additionally operable to record the actual size of each dynamic partition storage file.And it is each
Part is carried out in the way of block aligns.It need not be verified and error correction（ECC）Algorithm is filled.One of the module
Effect is can to facilitate the making of writable version, and another effect is the online upgrading version file that can be used as software.
Writable Version module 202：For the order of N number of subregion of actual storage on Nand storage mediums to be carried out successively
Burning version is assembled.As shown in figure 4, burnrom edition 4s 08 be by uboot binary files, user profile,
The assembling merging of fireware edition 4s 07 is formed.Wherein, the file of fireware edition 4s 07 is by version head, kernel and file system
Assembling merging is formed.If entered when the size of uboot binary files is not up to the size in uboot areas 401, it is necessary to carry out 0xFF
Row filling, user configuring needs to use the area size in 0xFF filling user configurings area 402.Fireware edition 4s 07 assemble version
This 404, need to carry out block alignment when kernel 405 and file system 406, the part that size is not up to is filled out using 0xFF
Fill.
Here, according to different hardware schemes, the ECC error correction coded system that Nand Flash are used may be
Difference, is determined after the ECC coded systems that oneself are used, the ECC algorithm provided according to chip producer, to the burning being assembled into above
Record version file burnrom edition 4s 08 and add the corresponding filling processing of ECC algorithm progress.
Burning module 203：For when needing burning version file into Nand Flash chips, the band ECC to be calculated
The writable version burnrom edition 4s 08 of method are supplied to cd-rom recorder, by the cd-rom recorder by the writable version file burning
Into Nand flash chips.
Dynamic partition parsing module 204：For searching for version head when bootstrap starts, according to version header and
The bulk state of Nand flash memories constructs dynamic partition table, and to dynamic partition table by way of environmental variance or by dynamic partition
The mode that table shares same section of untapped internal memory passes to kernel construction kernel partition table.
For the application scenario of the storage organizations such as double versions, backup version, above-mentioned searching method of the invention and device
It is equally applicable.
Above-mentioned dynamic partition searcher and its method based on Nand flash memories provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it is adaptable to each
Plant the cd-rom recorder for supporting Nand flash memories.The reserved redundant block of Nand storage mediums can be reduced using the searching method, is improved
The memory space utilization rate of Nand storage mediums.Meanwhile, with the above method and device, the original production of production line can be changed
Mode, by using the writable version file of cd-rom recorder direct burning, can simplify complexity of the operating personnel to burner software
Operation, burning process can be completed by easy configuration.Further, it is also possible to solve there is a situation where bad block for Nand Flash
Under, it may cause the problem of system can not normally be run using the burning mode of prior art.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memories, it is characterised in that the device includes edition upgrading module, can
Burning Version module, burning module and dynamic partition parsing module；Wherein：
Edition upgrading module, the binary system execution unit for each subregion by dynamic partition is pre-stored in, which is sequentially assembled, to be merged into
One file, and version header part is added, form edition upgrading file；
Writable Version module, for the order of N number of subregion of actual storage in Nand flash memories to be carried out into burning version group successively
Dress；The binary system execution unit and the edition upgrading file being pre-stored by N-M static partition carry out assembling merging, and formation can
Burning version file, ECC algorithm is added to the writable version file and is filled processing, wherein N is positive integer, and M is just
Integer, and 1<M<N；
Burning module：For when needing burning version file into Nand flash memories, by the writable version with ECC algorithm
File is supplied to cd-rom recorder, and the writable version file is burnt in Nand flash memories by the cd-rom recorder；
Dynamic partition parsing module：For when bootstrap starts search for version head, according to version head record information and
The bulk state that Nand flash memories are searched successively constructs dynamic partition table, and kernel is by way of bootstrap delivery context variable
Or obtain to construct kernel partition table by way of dynamic partition table is shared into same section of untapped internal memory.
2. the dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memories according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described version liter
Level module, for being alignd by block in the way of record the actual size of each dynamic partition storage file.
3. the dynamic partition searcher according to claim 1 or claim 2 based on Nand flash memories, it is characterised in that be additionally operable to
In the case that bootstrap in Nand flash memories can normally start, the edition upgrading file is used to carry out by way of software
The online upgrading of version updates.
4. the dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memories according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described writable
It is described not reach if the N-M pre-stored binary system execution unit of static partition is not up to the partition size in Version module
To part need to be filled by 0xFF.
5. a kind of dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memories, it is characterised in that this method includes：
A, acquisition raw partition information, the raw partition information include the space size of N number of subregion and each subregion, its
Middle N is positive integer；
B, it will need to be merged into static partition C one big with the number of partitions M of dynamic construction sector search method；Wherein M is
Positive integer, and 1<M<N；
C, initial address and partition size according to subregion C, by searching for specific software version since subregion C initial address
This header, and each subregion initial address and dynamic partition size are determined according to version header and bulk state；Pass through version head
The bulk state of the actual binary document size information of each partitioned storage of middle record and detection C subregions, generation M subregion is moved
State partition table；
D, by described dynamic partition table by way of environmental variance or by dynamic partition table share same section it is untapped in
The mode deposited passes to kernel construction kernel partition table information；
Described step A, B, C, D are performed in bootstrap, and are performed before bootstrap Boot Dernel.
6. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memories according to claim 5, it is characterised in that root described in step C
The process of each subregion initial address and dynamic partition size is determined according to version header and bulk state, is specifically included：
C1, specific software version header is searched for since the initial address of described C subregions, when detecting current bulk
State is bad block, then adds 1 by bad block；When detecting current bulk state preferably, then the block specific software version header structure is read big
Small data content determines whether version head；If block storage is not version head, continue to detect next piece successively
State；If version head, then according to the correlation of the binary file size of each subregion actual storage of acquisition of information of version head
Information；
C2, when search out be the block of storage version header when, continue to detect next piece of state, then will be bad if bad block
Block adds 1；When the bulk state detected preferably, then the storage of this block be exactly the 1st dynamic partition inside M subregions starting point
Location；The size of the subregion recorded according to version header and the bulk state searched successively can determine that the 1st dynamic partition
Termination address.
7. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memories according to claim 5, it is characterised in that further comprise：
Change kernel it is original construction kernel partition table mode when, bootstrap by dynamic partition table by way of environmental variance or
The mode that dynamic partition table shares same section of untapped internal memory is passed into kernel construction kernel partition table information.
8. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memories according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that according to described
Version header, by i-th of dynamic partition actual storage text of initial address and version the header record of i-th dynamic partition
The block number of part size can determine the initial address of i+1 dynamic partition, wherein 1≤i≤M；Specially：I+1 dynamic
The initial address of the dynamic partition of the initial address of subregion=i-th+(i-th of dynamic partition of dynamic partition bad block number+i-th is deposited
Block number shared by the actual file content of storage) * block sizes.
9. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memories according to any one of claim 5~7, it is characterised in that
Before the execution dynamic partition search, in addition to：
Generate the update version document with particular version header；The update version document is by version header structure body and needs structure
The binary system for making the corresponding storage of M dynamic partition performs file composition；It is successively read being pre-stored in i-th for compiling generation
Dynamic partition binary file, wherein 1≤i≤M, and assembling merging is carried out according to actual subregion order, and each subregion is real
The file size of border storage be recorded in the corresponding structure of version head, and each part is alignd in the way of block.
10. the dynamic partition searching method according to claim 8 based on Nand flash memories, it is characterised in that the execution
Before dynamic partition search, in addition to：
Generate the update version document with particular version header；The update version document is by version header structure body and needs structure
The binary system for making the corresponding storage of M dynamic partition performs file composition；It is successively read being pre-stored in i-th for compiling generation
Dynamic partition binary file, wherein 1≤i≤M, and assembling merging is carried out according to actual subregion order, and each subregion is real
The file size of border storage be recorded in the corresponding structure of version head, and each part is alignd in the way of block.
11. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memories according to any one of claim 5~7, it is characterised in that
Before the execution dynamic partition search, in addition to：Draw in first block write-in of first subregion of the Nand flash memories
Helical pitch sequence.
12. the dynamic partition searching method according to claim 8 based on Nand flash memories, it is characterised in that held described
Before Mobile state sector search, in addition to：Bootstrap is write in first block of first subregion of the Nand flash memories.
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