CN103744694A - Dynamic partition searching device based on Nand flash memory and method thereof - Google Patents
Dynamic partition searching device based on Nand flash memory and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic partition searching device based on a Nand flash memory and a method thereof. The dynamic partition searching device comprises a version upgrade module, a recordable version module, a burning module, a dynamic partition analysis module, wherein the version upgrade module sequentially assembles binary execution components pre-stored in every partition of dynamic partitions into a file to add version head information; the recordable version module sequentially performs burning version assembly on N partitions actually stored in the Nand flash memory; the burning module performs burning of a recordable version with an ECC algorithm to the Nand flash memory when the version file needs to be burnt to the Nand flash memory; the dynamic partition analysis module is used for searching a version head when a boot program is started, a dynamic partition table is constructed according to the information recorded by the version head and block states sequentially searched by the Nand flash memory, and a kernel is obtained in a mode of transmitting environment variables through the boot program or in a mode of sharing the dynamic partition table to an identical section of unused memory to construct a kernel partition table. According to the dynamic partition searching device and the method, redundant blocks are reduced while the problem of bad blocks can be solved, and the storage medium utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data storage technology, relate in particular to a kind of dynamic partition searcher and method thereof based on Nand flash memory (Flash), while belonging to the Unix/Linux end product use cd-rom recorder burning binary version file using Nand Flash as storage medium, the preventing mechanism that system cannot normally be moved in the situation that there is bad piece (Bad Block).
Background technology
Along with the functional requirement that user possesses end product is more and more, the trend that its corresponding software version also becomes to increase progressively.Terminal device as great majority based on (SuSE) Linux OS, traditional storage mode is all using Nor Flash as storage medium.But because Nor Flash capacity is less, or the too high reason of cost has slowly become inapplicable.In contrast, using Nand Flash as storage medium because the advantages such as capacity is large, read or write speed is fast, cost is low start to become home gateway, Set Top Box, the first-selected storage medium of the terminal devices such as front monitoring front-end product.
In the process of dispatching from the factory in batches in mass product, in order to raise the efficiency, the special cd-rom recorder of general use writes the data that need burning in Nand Flash, therefore needs for cd-rom recorder provides special recordable paper, and the good piece of recordable paper directly affects efficiency and the yield of product volume production.
In prior art, generally there are two kinds of methods to generate recordable paper.Simple method is first by a conventional mode, and by network, the modes such as serial ports or USB complete the upgrading of a product, then from the product of having upgraded, all data readings in Nand Flash is come, and generates burning version file.Another kind method is that each binary file that compiling is generated is assembled merging according to the district location of their actual storage on Nand Flash, and what do not reach actual partition size carries out 0xFF filling, finally generates burning version file.
The characteristic of Nand Flash has determined when dispatching from the factory or in use all likely to produce bad piece.If cd-rom recorder Nand Flash before burning has produced bad piece, or produced bad piece in burning process, after cd-rom recorder is all burnt on Flash by scale-of-two burning version file, on Nand Flash, the subregion content of actual storage will will produce corresponding skew with the subregion content of original planning, as shown in Figure 1.And the system of Linux terminal device starts and the carry of file system is all to carry out according to the mode of subregion, kernel or file system may just face the problem that cannot normally start so.
At present, a lot of producers are for fear of cause the system cannot starting problem due to bad piece reason, a kind of method of commonplace use is that uboot boot is first burnt in Nand Flash by cd-rom recorder or additive method, then by uboot boot, in the mode of software, download other part of burning, as kernel, file system etc.Although this method can be avoided the problem that causes system cannot get up due to the reason of bad piece, production efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of dynamic partition searcher and method thereof based on Nand Flash, in order to solve prior art, can not realize simply, efficient burning Nand Flash version file, the version file of burning can start the problem that probability is low.And for solving the problem for evading the waste of storage space that the unnecessary redundant block that exists the characteristic of bad piece to be necessary for the reserved some of each subregion due to Nand Flash storage medium causes.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memory, this device comprises edition upgrading module, writable version module, burning module and dynamic partition parsing module; Wherein:
Edition upgrading module, for the scale-of-two execution unit of each subregion that is pre-stored in dynamic partition is assembled according to the order of sequence and is merged into a file, and adds version header parts;
Writable version module, for carrying out successively the assembling of burning version by the order of N subregion of Nand flash memory actual storage; Scale-of-two execution unit and edition upgrading module by N-M static partition pre-stored are assembled merging;
Burning module: for when needs burning version file is during to Nand flash memory, the described writable version with ECC algorithm is offered to cd-rom recorder, by described cd-rom recorder, described writable version file is burnt in Nand flash memory;
Dynamic partition parsing module: for search for version head when boot starts, the bulk state that the information recording according to version head and Nand flash memory search successively constructs dynamic partition table, and kernel obtains to construct kernel partition table by the mode of boot delivery context variable or by the mode that dynamic partition table is shared to same section of untapped internal memory.
Wherein, described edition upgrading module, for recording the actual size of each dynamic partition storage file according to the mode of piece alignment.
Also, in the case of the boot of Nand flash memory can normally start, this edition upgrading file is upgraded for the online upgrading that carries out version by the mode of software.
In described writable version module, if the scale-of-two execution unit of N-M static partition pre-stored does not reach this partition size, the part not reaching described in need to be filled by 0xFF.
In described writable version module, each assembling parts merges complete, then adds corresponding ECC algorithm to fill according to concrete hardware circuit.
A dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memory, the method comprises:
A, obtain raw partition information, described raw partition information comprises the space size of N subregion and each described subregion, and wherein N is positive integer;
B, need to use the number of partitions M of dynamic construction sector search method to be merged into a large static partition C; Wherein M is positive integer, and 1<M<N;
C, according to the start address of subregion C and partition size, by start to search for specific software version header from the start address of subregion C, and determine each subregion start address and dynamic partition size according to version header and bulk state; By the actual binary document size information of each partitioned storage and the bulk state of detection C subregion that record in version head, generate the dynamic partition table of M subregion;
D, described dynamic partition table is passed to kernel structure kernel partition table information by the mode of environmental variance or by the mode that dynamic partition table is shared same section of untapped internal memory.
Wherein: described in step C, according to version header and bulk state, determine the process of each subregion start address and dynamic partition size, specifically comprise:
C1, from the start address of described C subregion, start to search for specific software version header, when detecting that current bulk state is bad piece, adds 1 by bad piece; When detecting that current bulk state is for well, the data content that reads this piece specific software version header structure size determines whether version head; If this piece storage is not version head, continue to detect successively the state of next piece; If version head, according to the relevant information of the binary file size of the each subregion actual storage of the acquisition of information of version head;
C2, when search out be the piece of storage version header time, continue to detect the state of next piece, if bad piece adds 1 by bad piece; When the bulk state detecting is for well, this piece storage is exactly the start address of the 1st dynamic partition of M subregion the inside; The size of this subregion recording according to version header and the bulk state searching successively can be determined the termination address of the 1st dynamic partition.
The method further comprises: when changing the mode of the original structure kernel of kernel partition table, boot passes to kernel structure kernel partition table information by dynamic partition table by the mode of environmental variance or by the mode of the shared same section of untapped internal memory of dynamic partition table.
The described version header of described foundation, by the piece number of i dynamic partition actual storage file size of the start address of i dynamic partition and version header record, can determine the start address of i+1 dynamic partition, wherein 1<=i<=M; Be specially: start address+(the shared piece number of actual file content of i dynamic partition storage of i bad piece number+the in dynamic partition) * block size of a start address=the i dynamic partition of i+1 dynamic partition.
Before the search of described execution dynamic partition, also comprise:
The update version document of generation with particular version header; Described update version document is comprised of version header structure body and the scale-of-two execute file of the institute's corresponding stored that need to construct M dynamic partition; Read successively the i(1<=i<=M that is pre-stored in of compiling generation) individual dynamic partition binary file, and assemble merging according to actual subregion order, and the file size of each subregion actual storage is recorded in the structure that version head is corresponding, each parts align according to the mode of piece.
Before described execution dynamic partition search, also comprise: searching algorithm is constructed in dynamic partition and be placed in boot and carry out, and carried out before boot Boot Dernel; And first piece at first subregion of described Nand flash memory writes boot.
Dynamic partition searcher and method thereof based on Nand flash memory (Flash) provided by the present invention, has the following advantages:
Device of the present invention, adopts mode by the software binary file that online upgrading is burnt to each subregion separately to carry out creationary assembling and is merged into the burning version file that can directly use the direct programming of Nand Flash cd-rom recorder; Before boot Boot Dernel code, add dynamic partition searching algorithm, can when every subsystem, construct dynamic partition table in real time; The size of each dynamic partition is the binary file size of actual storage, does not need the piece of reserved redundancy, has saved the storage space of Nand Flash, has improved the utilization factor of storage.And do not need to use traditional more loaded down with trivial details flow process just can realize the burning of Nand Flash version file, realize simply, and be applicable to the mass production applications of product.Accelerate the shipment speed of product, improved the production efficiency of producing line, reduced the human cost of producing.Owing to having used real-time dynamic partition construction algorithm, it is 100% that the version file of burning can start probability, the problem that there will not be system normally to start.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is used prior art by the structural representation of cd-rom recorder burning version file;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the dynamic partition device of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash;
Fig. 3 is the realization flow figure of the dynamic partition searching algorithm of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash;
Fig. 4 is the burning version structure of the dynamic partition device of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash and the storage organization schematic diagram on Nand Flash.
[critical piece symbol description]
401:uboot district
402: user configuring area
403:firware district
404: version head
405: kernel
406: file system
407:firware file system
408:burnrom version
409:NAND Flash physical region.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiments of the invention, dynamic partition of the present invention searcher and method thereof are described in further detail.
In prior art, cannot construct dynamic partition according to the file size of the each partitioned storage of reality, each subregion can be reserved certain redundant block and use as bad piece loss.These redundant blocks, substantially all in idle condition, have been wasted a large amount of storage resources in most cases.And in prior art, use the version file of cd-rom recorder burning often because Nand Flash exists the situation of bad piece, to cause the bootable probability of system very low.
Dynamic partition searching method based on Nand Flash provided by the invention, can construct dynamic partition according to the actual size being stored in Nand Flash chip file, and the dynamic partition size of each structure is actual stores binary files size.And do not need dynamic partition information to store on relevant storage medium, directly the mode of environmental variance by boot or the mode of shared drive pass to kernel and construct the dynamic partition information of kernel.
Fig. 4 is the burning version structure of the dynamic partition device of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash and the storage organization schematic diagram on Nand Flash.The present invention describes described searching method as an example of the structure of single version example.
As shown in Figure 4, be the physical storage structure of a single version linux system on Nand Flash.The Nand Flash physical region 409 of this system was comprised of uboot district 401, user configuring area 402, kernel 405 and file system 406 originally.
Now the subregion of original kernel 405 and file system 406 is merged into a static partition fireware district 403.One of its object is in order, from the first BOB(beginning of block) search version header of storage medium, to save the time of sector search.Object two is the online software upgrades for the ease of firmware version file 407.
Revise uboot guidance code, inner core region and file system area can be merged into a large static partition, and increase the searching algorithm of the static partition structure dynamic partition based on merging.
Fig. 3 is the realization flow figure of the dynamic partition searching algorithm of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash.As shown in Figure 3, this step comprises:
Step 301: initializing variable.The bad piece of kernel before initial counted bad_block=0, and the bad piece that kernel is initial between stopping to kernel is counted kbad_block=0, and kernel is terminated to the bad piece of file system between initial and counts fbad_block=0; Good piece: block=0;
Step 302: from the 0th BOB(beginning of block) search in static partition fireware district 403.The size of static partition is by kernel 405, and file system 406 and redundant block determine.The size of redundant block need to arrange according to the suggestion percent value of chip producer.
Step 303: determine whether bad piece.If bad piece, bad_block++, searches for next piece and comes back to step 303.
Step 304: judge whether it is version head, if not, block++, gets back to step 303.
Step 305: the size of obtaining kernel and file system according to version header.
Step 306: search for next piece, determine whether bad piece, if bad piece, bad_block++, searches for next piece and come back to step 306.
Step 307: find the start address of kernel, continue next piece of search.
Step 308: determine whether bad piece, if bad piece, kbad_block++; Search for next piece and get back to step 308.
Step 309: judge that whether the piece of searching for is in inner core region, if--kernel_blocks unequal to 1 illustrates that place piece still belongs to inner core region, continues next piece of search, gets back to step 308.
Step 310: the termination block address that obtains inner core region.Thereby just can calculate the start-stop interval of dynamic kernel subregion.
Step 311: search for next piece, determine whether bad piece, if bad piece, fbad_block++; Jump to step 311.
Step 312: the start address that obtains file system.Can be using remaining static partition all as file system area.The benefit of the method is to reduce number of partitions.Need not using remaining as one independently subregion arrange.Improved search speed simultaneously, obtained just need not having searched for after the start address of file system.Can improve in addition the utilization factor of Flash.
Step 313: the partitioned mode of linux kernel static state is revised as to dynamic partitioned mode, adopts new partition table that in uboot, News Search method calculates by the mode of environmental variance or by dynamic partition table is shared in same section of untapped internal memory and obtained.The partition information that now kernel starts is exactly the real time partitioned information of up-to-date use dynamic partition searching algorithm.
For the dynamic partition searching method described in performing step 301～step 313, the static partition after merging must be stored firmware version file 407 as shown in Figure 4.This update version document is by version head 404, and linux kernel 405, root file system 40 are assembled to merge in the mode of block size alignment and formed.Version head 404 is for identifying firmware version file 407 and the data structure that records the information such as binary file size such as linux kernel 405, root file system 406.
For need to construct the embodiment of N dynamic partition time, N>=2, the search procedure of a front N-1 subregion is undertaken by the order of step 302～step 312.Start address+(the shared piece number of actual file content of i partitioned storage of i bad piece number+the of subregion) * block size of a start address=the i subregion of i+1 subregion.Wherein, the static partition number before the static partition number <i<N+ dynamic partition before dynamic partition.When searching the start address of last dynamic partition, size that just can be using remaining storage space as this dynamic partition.
Fig. 2 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of the dynamic partition of the embodiment of the present invention based on Nand Flash.As shown in Figure 2, be somebody's turn to do the device of the dynamic partition based on Nand Flash, mainly comprise: edition upgrading module 201, writable version module 202, burning module 203 and dynamic partition parsing module 204.Wherein:
Edition upgrading module 201: for the scale-of-two execution unit that is pre-stored in dynamic each subregion is assembled according to the order of sequence and is merged into a file, and add version header parts; Also for recording the actual size of each dynamic partition storage file.And each parts carry out according to the mode of piece alignment.Do not need to carry out verification and error correction (ECC) algorithm is filled.An effect of described module is the making that can facilitate writable version, and another effect is the online upgrading version file that can be used as software.
Writable version module 202: for the order of N subregion of actual storage on Nand storage medium is carried out to the assembling of burning version successively.As shown in Figure 4, burnrom edition 4 08 is by uboot binary file, user profile, fireware edition 4 07, to be assembled to merge to form.Wherein, fireware edition 4 07 file is to be merged and formed by version head, kernel and file system assembling.If when the size of uboot binary file does not reach uboot district 401 big or small, need to carry out 0xFF and fill, user's configuration need to be used 0xFF to fill the area size of user configuring area 402.Fireware edition 4 07 assembled version 404, need to carry out piece alignment when kernel 405 and file system 406, and the part that size does not reach is used 0xFF to fill.
Here, according to different hardware schemes, the ECC Error Correction of Coding mode that Nand Flash adopts may be different, determine after the own ECC coded system adopting, the ECC algorithm providing according to chip producer, adds ECC algorithm to carry out corresponding fill to the burning version file burnrom edition 4 08 being assembled into above and processes.
Burning module 203: for when needs burning version file is during to Nand Flash chip, the described writable version burnrom edition 4 08 with ECC algorithm is offered to cd-rom recorder, by described cd-rom recorder, described writable version file is burnt in Nand flash chip.
Dynamic partition parsing module 204: for search for version head when boot starts, according to the bulk state of version header and Nand flash memory, construct dynamic partition table, and by the mode of environmental variance or by the mode of the shared same section of untapped internal memory of dynamic partition table, pass to kernel structure kernel partition table to dynamic partition table.
For the application scenario of the storage organizations such as two versions, backup version, above-mentioned searching method of the present invention and device are suitable for too.
Above-mentioned dynamic partition searcher and the method thereof based on Nand flash memory that the embodiment of the present invention provides, is applicable to the cd-rom recorder of various support Nand flash memories.Apply this searching method and can reduce the reserved redundant block of Nand storage medium, improve the storage space utilization factor of Nand storage medium.Meanwhile, use said method and device, can change the original mode of production of production line, by using the writable version file of cd-rom recorder direct burning, the complex operations of personnel to cd-rom recorder software that can simplify the operation, can complete burning process by easy configuration.In addition, can also solve for Nand Flash and exist in the situation of bad piece, in the problem of using the burning mode of prior art may cause system normally to move.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. the dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memory, is characterized in that, this device comprises edition upgrading module, writable version module, burning module and dynamic partition parsing module; Wherein:
Edition upgrading module, for the scale-of-two execution unit of each subregion that is pre-stored in dynamic partition is assembled according to the order of sequence and is merged into a file, and adds version header parts;
Writable version module, for carrying out successively the assembling of burning version by the order of N subregion of Nand flash memory actual storage; Scale-of-two execution unit and edition upgrading module by N-M static partition pre-stored are assembled merging;
Burning module: for when needs burning version file is during to Nand flash memory, the described writable version with ECC algorithm is offered to cd-rom recorder, by described cd-rom recorder, described writable version file is burnt in Nand flash memory;
Dynamic partition parsing module: for search for version head when boot starts, the bulk state that the information recording according to version head and Nand flash memory search successively constructs dynamic partition table, and kernel obtains to construct kernel partition table by the mode of boot delivery context variable or by the mode that dynamic partition table is shared to same section of untapped internal memory.
2. the dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memory according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described edition upgrading module, for recording the actual size of each dynamic partition storage file according to the mode of piece alignment.
3. according to the dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memory described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, also, in the case of the boot of Nand flash memory can normally start, this edition upgrading file is upgraded for the online upgrading that carries out version by the mode of software.
4. the dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memory according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described writable version module, if the scale-of-two execution unit of N-M static partition pre-stored does not reach this partition size, the part not reaching described in need to be filled by 0xFF.
5. according to the dynamic partition searcher based on Nand flash memory described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, in described writable version module, each assembling parts merges complete, then adds corresponding ECC algorithm to fill according to concrete hardware circuit.
6. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memory, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
A, obtain raw partition information, described raw partition information comprises the space size of N subregion and each described subregion, and wherein N is positive integer;
B, need to use the number of partitions M of dynamic construction sector search method to be merged into a large static partition C; Wherein M is positive integer, and 1<M<N;
C, according to the start address of subregion C and partition size, by start to search for specific software version header from the start address of subregion C, and determine each subregion start address and dynamic partition size according to version header and bulk state; By the actual binary document size information of each partitioned storage and the bulk state of detection C subregion that record in version head, generate the dynamic partition table of M subregion;
D, described dynamic partition table is passed to kernel structure kernel partition table information by the mode of environmental variance or by the mode that dynamic partition table is shared same section of untapped internal memory.
7. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memory according to claim 6, is characterized in that, determines the process of each subregion start address and dynamic partition size described in step C according to version header and bulk state, specifically comprises:
C1, from the start address of described C subregion, start to search for specific software version header, when detecting that current bulk state is bad piece, adds 1 by bad piece; When detecting that current bulk state is for well, the data content that reads this piece specific software version header structure size determines whether version head; If this piece storage is not version head, continue to detect successively the state of next piece; If version head, according to the relevant information of the binary file size of the each subregion actual storage of the acquisition of information of version head;
C2, when search out be the piece of storage version header time, continue to detect the state of next piece, if bad piece adds 1 by bad piece; When the bulk state detecting is for well, this piece storage is exactly the start address of the 1st dynamic partition of M subregion the inside; The size of this subregion recording according to version header and the bulk state searching successively can be determined the termination address of the 1st dynamic partition.
8. the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memory according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, further comprise: when changing the mode of the original structure kernel of kernel partition table, boot passes to kernel structure kernel partition table information by dynamic partition table by the mode of environmental variance or by the mode of the shared same section of untapped internal memory of dynamic partition table.
9. according to the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memory described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, according to described version header, by the piece number of i dynamic partition actual storage file size of the start address of i dynamic partition and version header record, can determine the start address of i+1 dynamic partition, wherein 1<=i<=M; Be specially: start address+(the shared piece number of actual file content of i dynamic partition storage of i bad piece number+the in dynamic partition) * block size of a start address=the i dynamic partition of i+1 dynamic partition.
10. according to the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memory described in claim 6～9 any one, it is characterized in that, before the search of described execution dynamic partition, also comprise:
The update version document of generation with particular version header; Described update version document is comprised of version header structure body and the scale-of-two execute file of the institute's corresponding stored that need to construct M dynamic partition; Read successively the i(1<=i<=M that is pre-stored in of compiling generation) individual dynamic partition binary file, and assemble merging according to actual subregion order, and the file size of each subregion actual storage is recorded in the structure that version head is corresponding, each parts align according to the mode of piece.
11. according to the dynamic partition searching method based on Nand flash memory described in claim 6～9 any one, it is characterized in that, before described execution dynamic partition search, also comprise: searching algorithm is constructed in dynamic partition and be placed in boot and carry out, and carried out before boot Boot Dernel; And first piece at first subregion of described Nand flash memory writes boot.
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