CN103733883A - Cultivation method for interplanting mulberry twig bamboo funguses by simply making shades in leaf mulberry field - Google Patents
Cultivation method for interplanting mulberry twig bamboo funguses by simply making shades in leaf mulberry field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting mulberry twig bamboo funguses by simply making shades in a leaf mulberry field. The cultivation method includes the steps of section of the mulberry field, cutting of mulberries and arrangement of silkworm breeding layout, preparation for raw materials of culture media of the bamboo funguses, settlement of ripple beds in the mulberry field, selective purchasing of cultures, sowing, growth management of hyphae and management of spring silkworm mulberries, simple shade making in the spring and autumn mulberry field and management of fruiting, and harvesting. The cultivation method has the advantages that mulberry twig raw materials are used for cultivation, the stack retting process of the cultivation media is shortened, and labor capacity and labor work hours are saved; a shading net is used to solve the problem of low shady degrees of the mulberry field after leaf picking so that the mulberry field meets the site requirement for growth and development of the bamboo funguses; mulberry twig scraps are used as main cultivation base materials of the bamboo funguses, so that waste mulberry twigs are fully utilized, and economic benefits are produced; the bamboo funguses are directly interplanted in the mulberry field, and remaining materials of the cultivation media are good organic fertilizers in the mulberry field after the cultivation media provide nutrition for growth and breeding of the bamboo funguses, so that fertility of the mulberry field is greatly improved; comprehensive utilization of resources of silkworms and mulberries is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The cultivation method of this kind of edible mushroom, relates in particular to this efficient cultivation method of province of a kind of mulberry tree and dictyophora phalloidea, belongs in the middle of agricultural planting, cover, multiple cropping field.
Background technology
Bamboo shoot body is pure white, and morphological appearance gives off a strong fragrance, nutritious, according to surveying and determination, in 100 grams of dry products, containing crude protein 15-22.2 gram, crude fat 2.0-3.8 gram, sugared 17.9-29.1 gram, raw fiber 7.8-15.3 gram, ash content 6.3-7.75 gram.In dictyophora phalloidea, contain 11 kinds of mineral elements, multivitamin and trace element and 21 seed amino acids, wherein in 8 seed amino acid dictyophora phalloidea of needed by human, all have, it is world-renowned precious edible and medical fungi, there is the effects such as fat-reducing, hypotensive, norcholesterol and treatment diabetes, hepatitis and anti-cancer, can be rated as the present age desirable " health food ", have " queen in bacterium ", " flower of fungi ", good reputations such as " kings of vegetable dish ".
Wild dictyophora phalloidea is positioned at the warm subalpine region of height above sea level 200-3000 rice mostly, the mulch cover mulch-covering, the deep-rooted huge bamboo grove subterraneous root that to loosen, are rich under the bamboo grove of humus are best growth reproduction environment, but on the meadow and even thatched roof of rubber forest in broad-leaved tree mixed forest, tropical economic crops, bajiao banana garden, subtropical zone, also can become the institute of staying in of dictyophora phalloidea.Dictyophora phalloidea, as most saprophytic fungus, as long as condition is suitable, also can grow on the agricultural crop straws such as the straw becoming thoroughly decomposed, wheat straw, cornstalk, bagasse, cotton seed hull.Therefore current existing artificial cultivation dictyophora phalloidea, the most frequently used culture base-material is the crops pin material such as the broad-leaved wood chip (wood chip) that becomes thoroughly decomposed or straw, husk, wheat straw, cornstalk, bagasse, cotton seed hull.Cultivating facility, normally utilizes vacant room, rural area or on field, builds the additional shade of medium and small shed, or interplant dictyophora phalloidea under the plant body of the non-leaf class harvested products such as apple, citrus, grape, peach, the operatic circle garden and hill trees.
Mulberry tree belongs to perennial fallen leaves woody plant, happiness high temperature and humidity environment, and growth optimum temperature 22-30 ℃, starts to sprout sprouting when the temperature rises to when more than 11 ℃, during lower than 13 ℃, starts the dormancy of falling leaves.In China, most of areas are at annual early and middle ten days in the March bud that starts, mid or late November fallen leaves dormancy, and the 4-9 month is vigorous period, now flourishing, is good natural concealment body.Dictyophora phalloidea belongs to aerobic bacteria, require growing environment air fresh, do not like illumination, should be grown in strongly fragrant degree of covering and reach the dark and damp place of 90% left and right, soil or composts or fertilisers of cultivating are required to meta-acid, its pH is 4.6-6.0, warm type mushroom in genus, the temperature of mycelial growth is 8-30 ℃, preference temperature is 15-28 ℃, fruit-body formation is between 16-25 ℃, and the suitableeest is 22 ℃.In suitable temperature range, the growth rate of fruit body is accelerated with the rising of temperature.Because the temperature of mulberry tree and dictyophora phalloidea growth is comparatively approaching, and the also habit of growth of very suitable dictyophora phalloidea of subenvironment of mulberry tree nature vigorous growth formation in period.But the object of planting mulberry in silkworm sparetime university produces is mainly to breed silkworms for picking leaves, and after picking leaves, the strongly fragrant degree of covering in mulberry field greatly reduces, how to solve in this case the collision problem of breeding silkworms with between leaf and dictyophora phalloidea interplanting, have not yet to see relevant report.The present invention be the ramulus mori bits that do not become thoroughly decomposed be main base-material (abbreviation raw material), and do not affect and breed silkworms with under the prerequisite of leaf, at the lower technical method of interplanting dictyophora phalloidea in mulberry field for leaf of strongly fragrant degree of covering.This invention, select Morus alba Resource Development to make the culturing raw material of dictyophora phalloidea, growth reproduction fruiting in mulberry field, kind of Sang Yangcan is combined with kind mushroom, effectively utilize silkworm and mulberry discarded object and land resources, reduce production costs, improve mulberry field unit are output capacity, realize economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits three wins.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ramulus mori bits by without becoming thoroughly decomposed to make medium major ingredient, to gather in the crops mulberry leaf, it is main keeping original silkworm and mulberry to produce, the simple and easy culture technique of making cloudy interplanting dictyophora phalloidea in the lower mulberry field of strongly fragrant degree of covering.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of at the simple and easy cultivation method of making cloudy interplanting mulberry twig bamboo fungus in mulberry field for leaf, and its step:
(1) techniqueflow:mulberry field ground selections → mulberry tree cut cut down with Layout of silkworm rearing setting → dictyophora culture medium raw material preparations → mulberry field ridge-up bed arrangements → bacterial classification choose → in good time, rationally sowing → mycelial growth is managed and simple and easy the moon and the management of producing mushroom → timely collecting made in silkworm in spring mulberry tree reasonable management → Xia Qiu mulberry field.
(2) technical scheme
1, ground, mulberry field is selected:should meet the standard that GFDC is formulated.General Requirements is away from the place that has sewage, waste gas to occur, also will have can be good for clean water source, the ventilating air permeability of pouring, without termite activity, soil property are partially weakly acidic, grow up in low bar mulberry field.
, mulberry tree cuts and cuts down and the setting of picking leaves Layout of silkworm rearing:in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (as Jiangxi), within common 1 year, there are spring, summer, early autumn, the mid-autumn four batches of silkworms, the cutting of mulberry tree of growing up cut down the normally summer and cut down (being the late May-early June cut shoot after silkworm in spring), this silkworm is unfavorable for meeting the interplanting dictyophora phalloidea environmental condition of growing as layout, favourable with interplanting dictyophora phalloidea two in order to accomplish kind of Sang Yangcan, and mulberry tree was cut down and changed into the spring and cut down by traditional summer, before mulberry tree around the Spring Festival germinates, carry out, it is air-dry stand-by that the ramulus mori cutting down under is directly used in pulverizing.Change silkworm rearing season into silkworm in spring, continuous silkworm in spring, summer silkworm, the mid-autumn, 5 phases of late fall, each phase, silkworm made the number of animals raised compared with normal mode 20% left and right on the low side because growing of mulberry is slightly slow except silkworm in spring, other a few phase sericulture gardens are good because interplanting dictyophora phalloidea rich water, during the autumn in summer, mulberry field leaf yield increases, the number of animals raised is increased than normal mode, and annual total silkworm number of animals raised increases 12-15% than normal mode.
, dictyophora culture medium raw material prepare:
3.1 ramulus moris are pulverized:use branch smashing machine that ramulus mori is directly ground into ramulus mori bits, generally within 10-20 days, complete prior to seeding.
raw material culture medium prescriptioncomposition
mass ratio is as follows:
Formula one: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 72%, husk 16%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula two: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 62%, cotton seed hulls 26%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula three: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 62%, peanut shell fragment 26%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula four: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 52%, little silkworm faeces (doing) 38%, oil cake 2.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula five: branch bits (after drying) 75%, little silkworm faeces (doing) 15%, oil cake 2.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
raw material processing: ramulus mori tans by the sun 2-3 days after pulverizing in time.3-5 days before sowing, is mixed in proportion it, then by 100 ㎏ material, adds in the bold and vigorous charging of fresh limewash of 0.5-1.0% with the raw material such as husk or peanut shell, oil cake, wheat bran, Bian Pobian mixes, take comprehensively moistening as degree, with the airtight with plastic film, the time should remain on more than one day.
, mulberry field ridge-up bed arrange:the residual thing in ground, 5-7 days cleaning mulberry fields or weeds before sowing, digging, it is white to shine, if the dense planting mulberry field of line-spacing≤130 ㎝, dig want between row carry out, then centered by mulberry strain pocket, make the ridge-up bed of wide × height as 80 ㎝ × 25 ㎝, ridge-up bed is " turtleback shape ", mulberry tree interline is picking leaves operation road, spacing is answered>=80 ㎝, and whole ground soil block can not be too broken, in order to ventilation.
, bacterial classification chooses:variety adoption high temperature modification sour jujube holder Cultivation of Dictyophora, its sporophore growth puberty is between annual 6～September of summer.Bacterial classification aspect, should select mycelia to be covered with bacterium rod, and mycelia is pure white, cleaning-less bacteria infection or without obvious yellow sewage stain, growth potential is prosperous bacterial classification by force in barred body.
, in good time, rationally sowing:dictyophora indusiata Cultivation generally divides spring, Qiu Liangji.China's north and south temperature difference, specifically grasp 2 points: the one, sowing time, temperature was no more than 28 ℃, was suitable for mycelial growth and grew; The 2nd, after planting 2～3 months button puberties, temperature is not less than 10 ℃, makes button healthy growth become fruit body.Jiangxi Province is generally spring sowing, i.e. blanking sowing in 3-5 days after " Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) ".Concrete grammar step is as follows:
6.1 stones:paving will be focused on heat radiation, loose taste work during raw material, if stockpile scalds one's hand and emits bad smell, to take off allow hot gas and peculiar smell fully distribute rear just can under to ridge-up bed; If composts or fertilisers of cultivating partially dry want suitable moisturizing, with water content 60% left and right, be advisable.Regulate pH value to 6.0～7.0.Stone selects cloudy day or cloudy weather to carry out, and first pushs furrow face soil layer aside 3-5 ㎝, and soil, to furrow two thrusters, gives over to earthing and uses; Ready composts or fertilisers of cultivating is piled up on ridge-up bed, specification is wide 70-75cm, high 20-25cm again.
sowing: on the ridge-up bed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of completing, open seed furrow, with triangle rake, in the middle of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, excavate ditch, shape triangular in shape is also sown into bacterial classification (note: must touch composts or fertilisers of cultivating by hand before sowing, feel not hot and just can sow).During sowing, bacterial classification is longitudinally broken into two ferfas kind pieces, more every ferfas kind piece is broken into 2, every bacterial classification piece is 1 cave apart from 20cm.1 ㎡ sowing quantity 4-6 bag (rod).Finish bacterial classification composts or fertilisers of cultivating is covered to compacting, make charge level be equilateral triangle or curvature of the spinal column shape.
the whole furrow of earthing:the about 30cm of composts or fertilisers of cultivating two bottom sides thickness of earth covering, composts or fertilisers of cultivating top thickness of earth covering 6～10cm, whole earthing face is turtleback shape.
mulching straw:cover the straw of ridge-up bed, 10～15 days in advance with the water-soaked fermentation of banking up, and during bedding, straw trembled to unrest, the whole furrow face of uniform fold, the about 500kg of 667 ㎡ dry rice straw consumption.After planting furrow ditch and place surrounding lime or other agricultural insecticide.
7, mycelial growth management and the management of silkworm in spring mulberry tree:the sowing initial stage is the phase in early spring of the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River just, often there are frost in early spring, rain, waterlogging or the extreme weather such as non-irrigated to occur, temperature is often hovered up and down in 10 ℃, this stage adopts film cover cap ridge-up bed, not only can be incubated but can anti-heavy rain to cause composts or fertilisers of cultivating excessively wet, can help mycelia well to grow, but every 2 days to carry out the ventilation of 30-40 minute.To pay attention to especially water management, for convenient, water, microspray irrigation facility is installed in Ke with good conditionsi garden, do not have condition dress microspray irrigation, also must be equipped with little water pump+pipe device, earthing material turns white and represents partially dryly, and watering in time, it is wet to mend, water the water yield at every turn and pinch the lower 6-7 ㎝ of table soil place with hand, soil can be formed mass of soil but not ooze out water droplet and is advisable.While watering, preventing water drops that earthing material is washed into hole.Meet the large rainy day, anti-heavy rain wash away and cause bacterium ball broken skin, mycelia exposed and dead, available film or straw screen or mat cover on furrow face, wait heavy rain to remove in time later film or straw screen or mat, and clear and coherent ditch internal water accumulation.After planting under normal temperature through about 30 days, mycelia is climbed up charge level, temperature has also reached more than 18 ℃ conventionally, remove the film of cover cap on ridge-up bed, but now the mulberry tree shoot and leaf growth that cuts down of spring does not also reach the degree of " envelope row ", for anti-direct sunlight, can select " 3～4 pin " shade net to cover on and on ridge-up bed, play auxiliary sunshade effect.This stage is growth period of hypha, is also the key period that before silkworm in spring, mulberry tree agricultural chemicals is controlled worm, because occurring that from mycelia sending out the mushroom phase also has a very long time, so now mulberry tree is controlled worm without taboo, but will prevent from trampling in operation mycelia ridge-up bed.There is differentiating bacterium ball (quail egg size) in mycelia, approximately need 45 days, it is now the button idiophase, also be that silkworm in spring is used the leaf phase in a large number, for taking into account picking leaves and sheltering from heat or light, neglect neither, the silkworm in spring number of animals raised is undertaken by the 85-90% of maximum leaf yield, increases by 10% blade sunshade on the basis of normally staying Ye Yangshu again.Young silkworm phase mulberry leaf are plucked the mulberry tree strain of the dictyophora phalloidea of as far as possible not collecting seed, 3 harvesting methods are carried out in grown silkworm picking leaves, a mulberry tree is to settle the mulberry leaf that can adopt at one go entirely to adopt down under normal circumstances, 3 harvesting methods are exactly by can picking leaves being divided into three times and adopting on a mulberry tree, be all to adopt from lower to upper at every turn, make a cloudy canopy of blade formation that leaves all the time some on branch block direct sunlight.
, simple and easy the moon and the management of producing mushroom made in Xia Qiu mulberry field:from bacterium ball, there is developing into mushroom, conventionally need 15-20 days, now, emphasis to strengthen in ridge-up bed and the management of water in air part; If the effect that mulberry tree is sheltered from heat or light does not naturally reach 90%, to assist and increase cover sunshade net.Outstanding cover sunshade net concrete grammar: the width that amplifies 30-40 ㎝ with ridge-up bed face one half width is cut off sunshade net, length and ridge-up bed are equal to, then sunshade net is hung on the mulberry tree branch at the high 40-50 ㎝ of ridge-up bed face place on one side, another side every 60-70 ㎝ that gathers materials on the spot binds the ramulus mori (or other can support sunshade net) of 30 about ㎝, along ridge-up bed sideline, insert in soil, be expert at and water and adopt before the operations such as mushroom, as long as the support branch in insertion soil is extracted and hung on mulberry tree, just can.Relative air humidity requires to reach more than 90%, in ridge-up bed, water content of substrate reaches 70% left and right, for dark and damp environment is provided to greatest extent, at fine day, to water 3-4 time every day, each watering time or water the water yield depending on environmental temperature and humidity, general microspray irrigation is open 40-60 minute at every turn, especially sending out during mushroom, before 7 of every mornings, must spray a water with mist state, in order to bacterium ball, unfold and open into mushroom, after adopting mushroom the morning and finishing, cover in time sunshade net; For guaranteeing dictyophora phalloidea green, safety, now mulberry tree forbids agricultural chemicals to control worm.Summer mulberry leaves for autumn rearing silkworm leaf picking method and silkworm in spring are same.
, timely collecting mushroom:dictyophora phalloidea after planting can grow mushroom 3-4 criticizes, but to gather be the process of a continuity in land for growing field crops, can adopt by the end of October from annual late May always.Fruit body maturation all when every morning 8-10, when indusium spreads to plucking from stem lower end 4-5 ㎝, otherwise can here wither, self-dissolving.Gather and with thumb and middle finger or bamboo blade, from rotation at the bottom of volva, cut off shoestring and adopt, prevent that the brown cyan mucus of earth and dictyophora phalloidea cap from polluting stem and indusium simultaneously, the quality of dictyophora phalloidea is affected.For environment in clean mulberry field, anti-ly cause insect and make trouble, while adopting mushroom, to remove in time that dictyophora phalloidea fruit body is sloughed off thing (as volva, cap or rotten mushroom body etc.) and away from planting site processing.
, strengthen damage by disease and insect prevention and control:during dictyophora phalloidea fruiting, be hot and humid rainy season, this stage will be watched out for the generation of dead mushroom, rotten mushroom and the brown hairnet bacterium of dictyophora phalloidea disease especially.Dead mushroom, rotten mushroom will be removed in time and be buried processing.The local brown hairnet bacterium of the dictyophora phalloidea disease that occurs, composts or fertilisers of cultivating and the soil at the sick place of in time clear hair loss, clear a little wider, and sprinkle new fresh lime and spraying fungicide in cleaning place.Can doubly or containing the bleaching fluid of available chlorine 150mg/L spray 3-4 time continuously with carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, copper sulphate 1:500 at the initial stage of a disease.
, other points for attention:interplanting dictyophora phalloidea in mulberry field should next year carry out, can not continuous cropping; Also having in the course of cultivation will anti-people, animal, fowl disturbs.
advantage of the present invention:
1, adopt ramulus mori cultivation in raw material, shortened the stack retting process of medium, saved the turning program in medium stack retting process, can save the amount of labour and man hour of labour 20%.
2, utilize sunshade net to make up the lower problem of strongly fragrant degree of covering after the Yin Caiye of mulberry field, make it meet the place requirement that dictyophora phalloidea grows, do not need to build the facilities such as special booth or Special house, save and build approximately 1200 yuan/mu of the direct production costs such as canopy.
3, adopt ramulus mori bits to make the main medium material of dictyophora phalloidea, make discarded ramulus mori be fully used and produce economic benefit.Dictyophora phalloidea is directly interplanted in mulberry field, and medium is after providing nutrition for dictyophora phalloidea growth reproduction, and its remaining material is the good fertilizer in mulberry field, can greatly improve mulberry field fertility.According to investigations, interplanted the mulberry field of dictyophora phalloidea, next year mulberry leaf per mu yield increase more than 15%, really realized the comprehensive utilization of silkworm and mulberry resources.
4, the present invention interplants dictyophora phalloidea in mulberry field, does not occupy cultivated land, and has saved land resources, improves the output capacity of mulberry field unit are.According to test, mu mulberry year silk cocoon and two gross output values of dictyophora phalloidea reach more than 9993.0 yuan, than simple kind Sang Yangcan, have increased by 3693.0 yuan, and growth rate reaches 58.62%.
Embodiment
A kind of at the simple and easy cultivation method of making cloudy interplanting mulberry twig bamboo fungus in mulberry field for leaf
1,
raw material is prepared:
1.1 ramulus moris are pulverized: use branch smashing machine that ramulus mori is directly ground into ramulus mori bits, generally within 10-20 days, complete prior to seeding.
culture medium prescription composition mass ratio is as follows:
Ramulus mori bits (after drying) 72%, husk 16%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
1.3 raw material processing:ramulus mori tans by the sun 2-3 days after pulverizing in time.3-5 days before sowing, is mixed in proportion it, then by 100 ㎏ material, adds in the bold and vigorous charging of fresh limewash of 0.5-1.0% with the raw material such as husk or peanut shell, oil cake, wheat bran, Bian Pobian mixes, take comprehensively moistening as degree, with the airtight with plastic film, the time should remain on more than one day.
, mulberry field ridge-up bed arrange:the residual thing in ground, 5-7 days cleaning mulberry fields or weeds before sowing, digging, it is white to shine, if the dense planting mulberry field of line-spacing≤130 ㎝, dig want between row carry out, then centered by mulberry strain pocket, make the ridge-up bed of wide × height as 80 ㎝ × 25 ㎝, ridge-up bed is " turtleback shape ", mulberry tree interline is picking leaves operation road, spacing is answered>=80 ㎝, and whole ground soil block can not be too broken, in order to ventilation.
, bacterial classification chooses:variety adoption high temperature modification sour jujube holder Cultivation of Dictyophora, its sporophore growth puberty is between annual 6～September of summer.Bacterial classification aspect, should select mycelia to be covered with bacterium rod, and mycelia is pure white, cleaning-less bacteria infection or without obvious yellow sewage stain, growth potential is prosperous bacterial classification by force in barred body.
, in good time, rationally sowing:dictyophora indusiata Cultivation generally divides spring, Qiu Liangji.China's north and south temperature difference, specifically grasp 2 points: the one, sowing time, temperature was no more than 28 ℃, was suitable for mycelial growth and grew; The 2nd, after planting 2～3 months button puberties, temperature is not less than 10 ℃, makes button healthy growth become fruit body.Jiangxi Province is generally spring sowing, i.e. blanking sowing in 3-5 days after " Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) ".Concrete grammar step is as follows:
4.1 stones:paving will be focused on heat radiation, loose taste work during raw material, if stockpile scalds one's hand and emits bad smell, to take off allow after hot gas and emission of bad smell just can under to ridge-up bed; If composts or fertilisers of cultivating partially dry want suitable moisturizing, with water content 60% left and right, be advisable.Regulate pH value to 6.0～7.0.Stone selects cloudy day or cloudy weather to carry out, and first pushs furrow face soil layer aside 3-5 ㎝, and soil, to furrow two thrusters, gives over to earthing and uses; Ready composts or fertilisers of cultivating is piled up on ridge-up bed, specification is wide 70-75cm, high 20-25cm again.
sowing: on the ridge-up bed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of completing, open seed furrow, with triangle rake, in the middle of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, excavate ditch, shape triangular in shape is also sown into bacterial classification (note: must touch composts or fertilisers of cultivating by hand before sowing, feel not hot and just can sow).During sowing, bacterial classification is longitudinally broken into two ferfas kind pieces, more every ferfas kind piece is broken into 2, every bacterial classification piece is 1 cave apart from 20cm.1 ㎡ sowing quantity 4-6 bag (rod).Finish bacterial classification composts or fertilisers of cultivating is covered to compacting, make charge level be equilateral triangle or curvature of the spinal column shape.
the whole furrow of earthing:the about 30cm of composts or fertilisers of cultivating two bottom sides thickness of earth covering, composts or fertilisers of cultivating top thickness of earth covering 6～10cm, whole earthing face is turtleback shape.
mulching straw:cover the straw of ridge-up bed, 10～15 days in advance with the water-soaked fermentation of banking up, and during bedding, straw trembled to unrest, the whole furrow face of uniform fold, the about 500kg of 667 ㎡ dry rice straw consumption.After planting furrow ditch and place surrounding lime or other agricultural insecticide.
5, mycelial growth management and the management of silkworm in spring mulberry tree:the sowing initial stage is the phase in early spring of the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River just, often there are frost in early spring, rain, waterlogging or the extreme weather such as non-irrigated to occur, temperature is often hovered up and down in 10 ℃, this stage adopts film cover cap ridge-up bed, not only can be incubated but can anti-heavy rain to cause composts or fertilisers of cultivating excessively wet, can help mycelia well to grow, but every 2 days to carry out the ventilation of 30-40 minute.To pay attention to especially water management, for convenient, water, microspray irrigation facility is installed in Ke with good conditionsi garden, do not have condition dress microspray irrigation, also must be equipped with little water pump+water pipe watering device, earthing material turns white and represents partially dryly, water in time that it is wet to mend, and waters the water yield at every turn and with hand, pinches the lower 6-7 ㎝ of table soil place soil and can form mass of soil but not ooze out water droplet and be advisable.While watering, preventing water drops that earthing material is washed into hole.Meet the large rainy day, anti-heavy rain wash away and cause bacterium ball broken skin, mycelia exposed and dead, available film or straw screen or mat cover on furrow face, wait heavy rain to remove in time later film or straw screen or mat, and clear and coherent ditch internal water accumulation.After planting under normal temperature through about 30 days, mycelia is climbed up charge level, temperature has also reached more than 18 ℃ conventionally, remove the film of cover cap on ridge-up bed, but now the mulberry tree shoot and leaf growth that cuts down of spring does not also reach the degree of " envelope row ", for anti-direct sunlight, can select " 3～4 pin " shade net to cover on and on ridge-up bed, play auxiliary sunshade effect.This stage is growth period of hypha, is also the crucial time limit that before silkworm in spring, mulberry tree agricultural chemicals is controlled worm, because occurring that from mycelia sending out the mushroom phase also has a very long time, so now mulberry tree is controlled worm without taboo, but will prevent from trampling in operation mycelia ridge-up bed.There is differentiating bacterium ball (quail egg size) in mycelia, approximately need 45 days, it is now the button idiophase, also be that silkworm in spring is used the leaf phase in a large number, for taking into account picking leaves and sheltering from heat or light, neglect neither, the silkworm in spring number of animals raised is undertaken by the 85-90% of maximum leaf yield, increases by 10% blade sunshade on the basis of normally staying Ye Yangshu again.Mulberry leaf are plucked as far as possible the do not collect seed mulberry tree strain of dictyophora phalloidea of little silkworm rearing season, 3 harvesting methods are carried out in grown silkworm picking leaves, a mulberry tree is to settle the mulberry leaf that can adopt at one go entirely to adopt down under normal circumstances, 3 harvesting methods are exactly by can picking leaves being divided into three times and adopting on a mulberry tree, be all to adopt from lower to upper at every turn, make a cloudy canopy of blade formation that leaves all the time some on branch block direct sunlight.
, management of producing mushroom and autumn in summer mulberry tree reasonable management:from bacterium ball, there is developing into mushroom, conventionally need 15-20 days, now, emphasis to strengthen in ridge-up bed and the management of water in air part; If the effect that mulberry tree is sheltered from heat or light does not naturally reach 90%, to assist and increase cover sunshade net.Outstanding cover sunshade net concrete grammar: the width that amplifies 30-40 ㎝ with ridge-up bed face one half width is cut off sunshade net, length and ridge-up bed are equal to, then sunshade net is hung on the mulberry tree branch at the high 40-50 ㎝ of ridge-up bed face place on one side, another side every 60-70 ㎝ that gathers materials on the spot binds the ramulus mori (or other can support sunshade net) of 30 about ㎝, along ridge-up bed sideline, insert in soil, be expert at and water and adopt before the operations such as mushroom, as long as the support branch in insertion soil is extracted and hung on mulberry tree, just can.Relative air humidity requires to reach more than 90%, in ridge-up bed, water content of substrate reaches 70% left and right, for dark and damp environment is provided to greatest extent, at fine day, to water 3-4 time every day, each watering time or water the water yield depending on environmental temperature and humidity, general microspray irrigation is open 40-60 minute at every turn, especially sending out during mushroom, before 7 of every mornings, must spray a water with mist state, in order to bacterium ball, unfold and open into mushroom, after adopting mushroom the morning and finishing, cover in time sunshade net; For guaranteeing dictyophora phalloidea green, safety, now mulberry tree forbids agricultural chemicals to control worm.Summer mulberry leaves for autumn rearing silkworm leaf picking method and silkworm in spring are same.
, timely collecting mushroom:dictyophora phalloidea after planting can grow mushroom 3-4 criticizes, but to gather be the process of a continuity in land for growing field crops, can adopt by the end of October from annual late May always.Fruit body maturation all when every morning 8-10, when indusium spreads to plucking from stem lower end 4-5 ㎝, otherwise can here wither, self-dissolving.Gather and with thumb and middle finger or bamboo blade, from rotation at the bottom of volva, cut off shoestring and adopt, prevent that the brown cyan mucus of earth and dictyophora phalloidea cap from polluting stem and indusium simultaneously, the quality of dictyophora phalloidea is affected.For environment in clean mulberry field, anti-ly cause insect and make trouble, while adopting mushroom, to remove in time that dictyophora phalloidea fruit body is sloughed off thing (as volva, cap or rotten mushroom body etc.) and away from planting site processing.
, strengthen damage by disease and insect prevention and control:during dictyophora phalloidea fruiting, be hot and humid rainy season, this stage will be watched out for the generation of dead mushroom, rotten mushroom and the brown hairnet bacterium of dictyophora phalloidea disease especially.Dead mushroom, rotten mushroom will be removed in time and be buried processing.The local brown hairnet bacterium of the dictyophora phalloidea disease that occurs, composts or fertilisers of cultivating and the soil at the sick place of in time clear hair loss, clear a little wider, and sprinkle new fresh lime and spraying fungicide in cleaning place.Can doubly or containing the bleaching fluid of available chlorine 150mg/L spray 3-4 time continuously with carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, copper sulphate 1:500 at the initial stage of a disease.
, other points for attention:interplanting dictyophora phalloidea in mulberry field should next year carry out, can not continuous cropping; Also having in the course of cultivation will anti-people, animal, fowl disturbs.
another several of raw material culture medium prescriptioncomposition
mass ratio is as follows:
Formula one: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 72%, husk 16%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula two: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 62%, cotton seed hulls 26%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula three: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 62%, peanut shell fragment 26%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula four: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 52%, little silkworm faeces (doing) 38%, oil cake 2.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Formula five: branch bits (after drying) 75%, little silkworm faeces (doing) 15%, oil cake 2.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
Claims (4)
1. a simple and easy cultivation method of making cloudy interplanting mulberry twig bamboo fungus in mulberry field for the leaf, its step:
(1) techniqueflow:mulberry field ground selections → mulberry tree cut cut down with Layout of silkworm rearing setting → dictyophora culture medium raw material preparations → mulberry field ridge-up bed arrangements → bacterial classification choose → sow → mycelial growth manages and simple and easy the moon and the management of producing mushroom → gather made in silkworm in spring mulberry tree management → Xia Qiu mulberry field;
(2) technical scheme
(1), ground, mulberry field is selected:should meet the standard that GFDC is formulated;
(2), mulberry tree is cut and cuts down and the setting of picking leaves Layout of silkworm rearing:change silkworm rearing season into silkworm in spring, continuous silkworm in spring, summer silkworm, the mid-autumn, 5 phases of late fall, each phase silkworm because growing of mulberry is slightly slow, make the number of animals raised compared with normal mode 20% left and right on the low side except silkworm in spring, other a few phase sericulture gardens are because of interplanting dictyophora phalloidea rich water;
(3), dictyophora culture medium raw material is prepared:
(3.1) ramulus mori is pulverized:use branch smashing machine that ramulus mori is directly ground into ramulus mori bits, within 10-20 days, complete prior to seeding;
(3.2) raw material culture medium prescriptioncomposition
mass ratio is as follows:
Formula one: ramulus mori bits (after drying) 52-75%, husk 16%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%;
(3.3) raw material processing: ramulus mori tans by the sun 2-3 days after pulverizing in time; 3-5 days before sowing, is mixed in proportion it, then by 100 ㎏ material, adds in the bold and vigorous charging of fresh limewash of 0.5-1.0% with the raw material such as husk or peanut shell, oil cake, wheat bran, Bian Pobian mixes, take comprehensively moistening as degree, with the airtight with plastic film, the time should remain on more than one day;
(4), mulberry field ridge-up bed arranges:the residual thing in ground, 5-7 days cleaning mulberry fields or weeds before sowing, dig and shine in vain, if the dense planting mulberry field of line-spacing≤130 ㎝, dig want between row carry out, then centered by mulberry strain pocket, make the ridge-up bed of wide × height as 80 ㎝ × 25 ㎝, ridge-up bed is turtleback shape, mulberry tree interline is picking leaves operation road, and spacing is answered>=80 ㎝;
(5), bacterial classification is chosen:variety adoption high temperature modification sour jujube holder Cultivation of Dictyophora, its sporophore growth puberty is between annual 6～September of summer; Bacterial classification aspect, should select mycelia to be covered with bacterium rod, and mycelia is pure white, cleaning-less bacteria infection or without obvious yellow sewage stain, growth potential is prosperous bacterial classification by force in barred body;
(6), sowing:dictyophora indusiata Cultivation generally divides spring, Qiu Liangji; China's north and south temperature difference, specifically grasp 2 points: the one, sowing time, temperature was no more than 28 ℃, was suitable for mycelial growth and grew; The 2nd, after planting 2～3 months button puberties, temperature is not less than 10 ℃, makes button healthy growth become fruit body; Jiangxi Province is for sowing in spring, and after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), in 3-5 days, blanking is sowed; Concrete grammar step is as follows:
(6.1) stone:paving will be focused on heat radiation, loose taste work during raw material, if stockpile scalds one's hand and emits bad smell, to take off allow hot gas and peculiar smell fully distribute rear just can under to ridge-up bed; If composts or fertilisers of cultivating partially dry want suitable moisturizing, with water content 60% left and right, be advisable; Regulate pH value to 6.0～7.0; Stone selects cloudy day or cloudy weather to carry out, and first pushs furrow face soil layer aside 3-5 ㎝, and soil, to furrow two thrusters, gives over to earthing and uses; Ready composts or fertilisers of cultivating is piled up on ridge-up bed, specification is wide 70-75cm, high 20-25cm again;
(6.2) sowing: on the ridge-up bed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of completing, open seed furrow, with triangle rake, in the middle of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, excavate ditch, shape triangular in shape is also sown into bacterial classification, and the remote holder of sowing touches composts or fertilisers of cultivating, feels not hot and just can sow; During sowing, bacterial classification is longitudinally broken into two ferfas kind pieces, more every ferfas kind piece is broken into 2, every bacterial classification piece is 1 cave apart from 20cm; 1 ㎡ sowing quantity 4-6 bag; Finish bacterial classification composts or fertilisers of cultivating is covered to compacting, make charge level be equilateral triangle or curvature of the spinal column shape;
(6.3) the whole furrow of earthing:the about 30cm of composts or fertilisers of cultivating two bottom sides thickness of earth covering, composts or fertilisers of cultivating top thickness of earth covering 6～10cm, whole earthing face is turtleback shape;
(6.4) mulching straw:cover the straw of ridge-up bed, 10～15 days in advance with the water-soaked fermentation of banking up, and during bedding, straw trembled to unrest, the whole furrow face of uniform fold, the about 500kg of 667 ㎡ dry rice straw consumption; After planting furrow ditch and place surrounding lime or other agricultural insecticide;
(7), mycelial growth management and the management of silkworm in spring mulberry tree:the sowing initial stage is the phase in early spring of the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River just, often there are frost in early spring, rain, waterlogging or the extreme weather such as non-irrigated to occur, temperature is often hovered up and down in 10 ℃, this stage adopts film cover cap ridge-up bed, not only can be incubated but can anti-heavy rain to cause composts or fertilisers of cultivating excessively wet, can help mycelia well to grow, but every 2 days to carry out the ventilation of 30-40 minute; Will pay attention to especially water management, water in time that it is wet to mend, water the water yield at every turn and pinch the lower 6-7 ㎝ of table soil place with hand, soil can be formed mass of soil but not ooze out water droplet and is advisable; After planting under normal temperature through about 30 days, mycelia is climbed up charge level, and temperature has also reached more than 18 ℃ conventionally, remove the film of cover cap on ridge-up bed, but now the mulberry tree shoot and leaf growth that cuts down of spring does not also reach the degree of envelope row, select 3～4 pin shade nets to cover on and on ridge-up bed, play auxiliary sunshade effect; This stage is growth period of hypha, is also the key period that before silkworm in spring, mulberry tree agricultural chemicals is controlled worm, because occurring that from mycelia sending out the mushroom phase also has a very long time, so now mulberry tree is controlled worm without taboo, but will prevent from trampling in operation mycelia ridge-up bed; There is differentiating the bacterium ball of quail egg size in mycelia, 45 days is now the button idiophase, also be that silkworm in spring is used the leaf phase in a large number, for taking into account picking leaves and sheltering from heat or light, neglect neither, the silkworm in spring number of animals raised is undertaken by the 85-90% of maximum leaf yield, increases by 10% blade sunshade on the basis of normally staying Ye Yangshu again; Young silkworm phase mulberry leaf are plucked the mulberry tree strain of the dictyophora phalloidea of as far as possible not collecting seed, 3 harvesting methods are carried out in grown silkworm picking leaves, a mulberry tree is to settle the mulberry leaf that can adopt at one go entirely to adopt down under normal circumstances, 3 harvesting methods are exactly by can picking leaves being divided into three times and adopting on a mulberry tree, be all to adopt from lower to upper at every turn, make a cloudy canopy of blade formation that leaves all the time some on branch block direct sunlight;
(8), simple and easy the moon and the management of producing mushroom made in Xia Qiu mulberry field:from bacterium ball, there is developing into mushroom, conventionally need 15-20 days, now, emphasis to strengthen in ridge-up bed and the management of water in air part; If the effect that mulberry tree is sheltered from heat or light does not naturally reach 90%, to assist and increase cover sunshade net; Outstanding cover sunshade net concrete grammar: the width that amplifies 30-40 ㎝ with ridge-up bed face one half width is cut off sunshade net, length and ridge-up bed are equal to, then sunshade net is hung on the mulberry tree branch at the high 40-50 ㎝ of ridge-up bed face place on one side, another side every 60-70 ㎝ that gathers materials on the spot binds the ramulus mori of 30 about ㎝, along ridge-up bed sideline, insert in soil, be expert at and water and adopt before the operations such as mushroom, as long as the support branch in insertion soil is extracted and hung on mulberry tree, just can; Relative air humidity requires to reach more than 90%, in ridge-up bed, water content of substrate reaches 70% left and right, for dark and damp environment is provided to greatest extent, at fine day, to water 3-4 time every day, each watering time or water the water yield depending on environmental temperature and humidity, general microspray irrigation is open 40-60 minute at every turn, especially sending out during mushroom, before 7 of every mornings, must spray a water with mist state, in order to bacterium ball, unfold and open into mushroom, after adopting mushroom the morning and finishing, cover in time sunshade net; For guaranteeing dictyophora phalloidea green, safety, now mulberry tree forbids agricultural chemicals to control worm; Summer mulberry leaves for autumn rearing silkworm leaf picking method and silkworm in spring are same;
(9), timely collecting mushroom:dictyophora phalloidea after planting can grow mushroom 3-4 criticizes, but to gather be the process of a continuity in land for growing field crops, can adopt by the end of October from annual late May always; Fruit body maturation all when every morning 8-10, when indusium spreads to plucking from stem lower end 4-5 ㎝, otherwise can here wither, self-dissolving; Gather and with thumb and middle finger or bamboo blade, from rotation at the bottom of volva, cut off shoestring and adopt, prevent that the brown cyan mucus of earth and dictyophora phalloidea cap from polluting stem and indusium simultaneously, the quality of dictyophora phalloidea is affected; For environment in clean mulberry field, prevent that causing insect makes trouble, while adopting mushroom, to remove in time dictyophora phalloidea fruit body and slough off thing, and away from planting site processing;
(10), strengthen damage by disease and insect prevention and control:during dictyophora phalloidea fruiting, be hot and humid rainy season, this stage will be watched out for the generation of dead mushroom, rotten mushroom and the brown hairnet bacterium of dictyophora phalloidea disease especially; Dead mushroom, rotten mushroom will be removed in time and be buried processing; The local brown hairnet bacterium of the dictyophora phalloidea disease that occurs, composts or fertilisers of cultivating and the soil at the sick place of in time clear hair loss, clear a little wider, and sprinkle new fresh lime and spraying fungicide in cleaning place; Can doubly or containing the bleaching fluid of available chlorine 150mg/L spray 3-4 time continuously with carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, copper sulphate 1:500 at the initial stage of a disease;
(11), other points for attention:interplanting dictyophora phalloidea in mulberry field should next year carry out, can not continuous cropping; Also having in the course of cultivation will anti-people, animal, fowl disturbs.
According to claim 1 a kind of for the leaf the simple and easy cultivation method of making cloudy interplanting mulberry twig bamboo fungus in mulberry field, it is characterized in that: in formula, husk is substituted by cotton seed hulls,
Formula two: ramulus mori bits 62%, cotton seed hulls 26%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
According to claim 1 a kind of for the leaf the simple and easy cultivation method of making cloudy interplanting mulberry twig bamboo fungus in mulberry field, it is characterized in that: in formula, husk is substituted by peanut shell fragment,
Formula three: ramulus mori bits 62%, peanut shell fragment 26%, oil cake 4.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
According to claim 1 a kind of for the leaf the simple and easy cultivation method of making cloudy interplanting mulberry twig bamboo fungus in mulberry field, it is characterized in that: in formula, husk is substituted by little silkworm faeces,
Formula four: ramulus mori bits 52%, little silkworm faeces, 15-38%, oil cake 2.7%, composite fertilizer 1.8%, land plaster 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%.
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| CN104350950A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-02-18 | 何寒 | Method for stereoscopically cultivating pleurotus geesteranus under mulberry trees |
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| CN104774102A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-15 | 韦双梅 | Bamboo fungus compost |
| CN104920068A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-23 | 吴华球 | Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation method |
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