CN103728241A - Testing device and method for detecting friction coefficients of bolt head supporting surfaces - Google Patents
Testing device and method for detecting friction coefficients of bolt head supporting surfaces Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device and method for detecting friction coefficients of bolt head supporting surfaces. The testing device comprises a base as well as a bolt sleeve, a connecting piece and a bearing supporting device which are sleeved and mounted on a to-be-detected bolt sequentially from top to bottom, wherein a test bed supporting piece is fixed on the base, the connecting piece is fixed on the test bed supporting piece, and the to-be-detected bolt is also sleeved with a measuring device and a loading device for exerting a pretightening force on the to-be-detected bolt. According to the testing device and method, the friction coefficients of the bolt head supporting surfaces can be detected independently, and the friction coefficients of the bolt head supporting surfaces can be measured for parameters such as different engineering diameters, different grades, different contact surface appearances, different material characteristics and different pretightening forces. The basic data support is provided for the design of bolt tightening torque by engineering technicians, the dispersion of the bolt pretightening forces is decreased, and the connection performance of bolts can meet engineering requirements.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to friction factor and detect test unit field, be specifically related to a kind of test unit and method for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor.
Background technology
Be threaded (bolt connection, screw connection, studs connection etc.) because it is convenient to disassembly and maintenance maintenances, become in complex mechanical system assembling application the most generally, connected mode the most widely.At present, common screw thread tightening method mainly contains: calibrated wrench method, moment of torsion/corner method, yield point control method and bolt elongate amount control method etc., wherein calibrated wrench method is controlled because it adds carried convenient and is easy to, and is widely used in the middle of engineering reality.
Lot of documents shows, calibrated wrench method is in connection procedure, be subject to the impact of the factors such as the material (intensity, hardness), threaded engagement, part morpheme error of lubricating system, machined surface roughness, part, its switching performance parameter list reveals obvious uncertainty, wherein the error range of pretightning force is ± 5%~± 35%, and worst condition also reaches ± and 50%.At present, in order to solve the dispersion problem of pretightning force, a large amount of scholars propose to build the correlation model between screw-down torque and pretightning force by theoretical method, to by this model take final pretightning force as target Exact Design screw-down torque value, wherein bolt head supporting surface friction factor is requisite parameter in this model.But, when utilizing this theoretical model to calculate screw-down torque, conventionally rely on design manual or technician's experience to determine the friction factor of bolt head supporting surface, this has affected model computational accuracy to a certain extent, even and existing bolt connection pick-up unit can not independent test bolt head supporting surface friction factor.Therefore, be necessary to propose a kind of test unit that can detect bolt head supporting surface friction factor, for engineering technical personnel are ensureing that under target pretightning force condition, Exact Design screw-down torque provides basic data foundation, thereby improve the computational accuracy of screw-down torque and pretightning force theoretical model, reduce the dispersion of target pretightning force.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of test unit and method for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor, this test unit can improve the computational accuracy of screw-down torque and pretightning force theoretical model, the dispersion that reduces target pretightning force is the detection supplying method reference of other screw connection structure friction factor simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
For detection of a test unit for bolt head supporting surface friction factor, comprise pedestal and be set in successively bolt collar, web member and the bearing support assembly on tested bolt from top to bottom; On pedestal, be fixed with testing table support member, web member is fixed on testing table support member, is also arranged with measurement mechanism and for applying the charger of pretightning force to tested bolt on tested bolt.
Described pedestal comprises the cast iron platform and the disc base that are fixed on bottom surface, and the upper surface of cast iron platform offers the T-shaped groove for fixed disc base, and testing table support member is fixed on disc base.
Described testing table support member comprises three L-type bracing frames that structure is identical, and three L-type bracing frames, take minor face as bottom surface, are evenly arranged and are fixed on disc base; Web member is arranged on the inner side of three L-type bracing frames, and the inner side surface of contact of web member and L-type bracing frame is arc surface.
Described web member comprises upper connector and lower web member, measurement mechanism is arranged between upper connector and lower web member, the upper surface of upper connector offers the rectangular channel for placing bolt collar, the middle through hole that can make tested bolt pass that offers vertically; The lower surface of lower web member offers the circular groove for bearing support assembly is installed, the middle through hole that can make tested bolt pass that also offers vertically; Upper connector evenly offers with the side of lower web member the threaded hole matching with testing table support member for fixing upper connector and lower web member vertically.
Described bearing support assembly comprises the cylindrical roller thrust bearing and the bearing sleeve that are set on tested bolt, the blowout patche of cylindrical roller thrust bearing is arranged in the circular groove of lower web member lower surface, and the seat ring of cylindrical roller thrust bearing is arranged on bearing sleeve.
Described charger comprise be arranged on tested bolt bolt head tighten axle and be arranged on tested bolt bottom for the nut of tightening axle and matching; Tighten on axle and be connected with the control system of tightening axle for controlling, in control system, be also connected with for gathering, store and analyze the data processing module of tightening axle output torque feedback signal.
Described measurement mechanism comprises for the washer type power sensor of the tested bolt tightening process of Real-Time Monitoring axial pre tightening force variable signal and is separately positioned on power sensor Upper gasket and the power sensor lower gasket on washer type power sensor upper surface and lower surface; Washer type power sensor sleeve is contained on tested bolt, and is fixed between upper connector and lower web member; Washer type power sensor is also connected with charge amplifier, and washer type power sensor is connected with data processing module with data acquisition by charge amplifier.
For detection of a test method for bolt head supporting surface friction factor, comprise the following steps:
1), according to the demarcation of dispatching from the factory of power sensor, set power transducer range and sensitivity, the signal conversion ratio of setting data acquisition system;
2) choose the bolt collar matching with tested bolt internal diameter, tested bolt collar is arranged in the rectangular channel of upper connector upper surface, then upper connector is fixed on L-type bracing frame;
3) tested bolt, washer type power sensor, lower web member, cylindrical roller thrust bearing, bearing sleeve and nut are installed successively, by the tested bolt of nut pretension, the lower web member of constraint circumferentially rotates;
4), by the bolt head of the fixing tested bolt of interior six square sockets, fastening nut, records the reading of washer type power sensor by data acquisition system (DAS), after its indicating value is stable, record this value F;
5) by tightening axle, rotate the bolt head of tested bolt, moment of torsion curve over time in control system tightened in record, extracts moment of torsion stationary value T in data processing module
b;
6) by the data F and the T that measure
bthe friction factor of calculating bolt head supporting surface, formula is as follows:
In above formula, T
bfor bolt head screw-down torque, F is bolt pretightening, r
mbfor bolt head effective contact radius, μ
bfor the friction factor of bolt head and upper connected piece;
7) repeating step 2)~6), bolt head supporting surface friction factor under different bolt pretightenings is tested, and each group of experimental test result averaged, obtain the bolt head supporting surface friction factor of tested bolt.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is for detection of the test unit of bolt head supporting surface friction factor, due to bolt is arranged on web member by bolt collar, web member is fixed on testing table support member simultaneously, and measurement mechanism is set on bolt and for apply the charger of pretightning force to bolt, therefore can detect separately the friction factor of bolt head supporting surface, can to bolt head supporting surface friction factor, measure for parameters such as different engineering diameters, different brackets, different surface in contact pattern, dissimilar material properties and different pretightning forces.For engineering technical personnel design bolt tightening moment of torsion, provide basic Data support, reduce the dispersion of bolt pretightening, ensure that bolt switching performance meets engineering demand.
The present invention is for detection of the test method of bolt head supporting surface friction factor, by washer type power sensor, gather bolt pretightening, by control system, record and tighten axle moment of torsion curve over time, extract moment of torsion stationary value in data processing module, extrapolate the friction factor of bolt head supporting surface, again bolt head supporting surface friction factor under different bolt pretightenings is tested, and each group of experimental test result averaged, obtain the bolt head supporting surface friction factor of tested bolt; This test method is easy and simple to handle, and principle is simple, easily realizes, and under the cooperation of test unit, can provide basic Data support for engineering technical personnel design bolt tightening moment of torsion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of disc base of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the axis side view that waits of three L-type bracing frames of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the axis side view that waits of upper connector of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the axis side view such as grade of web member under the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the axis side view that waits of bolt collar of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the axis side view that waits of bearing sleeve of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is cast iron platform; 2 is disc base; 3 is L-type bracing frame; 4 is lower web member; 5 is upper connector; 6 is bolt collar; 7 is tested bolt; 8 for tightening axle; 9 is power sensor Upper gasket; 10 is washer type power sensor; 11 is power sensor lower gasket; 12 is cylindrical roller thrust bearing; 13 is bearing sleeve; 14 is nut.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, a kind of test unit for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor of the present invention, comprises pedestal and is set in successively bolt collar 6, web member and the bearing support assembly on tested bolt 7 from top to bottom, pedestal comprises the cast iron platform 1 and the disc base 2 that are fixed on bottom surface, the upper surface of cast iron platform offers the T-shaped groove for fixed disc base 2, testing table support member is fixed on disc base 2, testing table support member comprises three L-type bracing frames 3 that structure is identical, three L-type bracing frames 3, take minor face as bottom surface, are evenly arranged and are fixed on disc base 2, web member is arranged on the inner side of three L-type bracing frames 3, and the inner side surface of contact of web member and L-type bracing frame 3 is arc surface, web member comprises upper connector 5 and lower web member 4, measurement mechanism is arranged between upper connector 5 and lower web member 4, the upper surface of upper connector 5 offers the rectangular channel for placing bolt collar 6, the middle through hole that can make tested bolt 7 pass that offers vertically, measurement mechanism comprises for the washer type power sensor 10 of Real-Time Monitoring bolt tightening process axial pre tightening force variable signal and is separately positioned on power sensor Upper gasket 9 and the power sensor lower gasket 11 on washer type power sensor 10 upper surfaces and lower surface, washer type power sensor 10 is sleeved on tested bolt 7, and is fixed between upper connector 5 and lower web member 4, washer type power sensor 10 is also connected with charge amplifier, and washer type power sensor 10 is connected with data processing module with data acquisition by charge amplifier, the lower surface of lower web member 4 offers the circular groove for bearing support assembly is installed, the middle through hole that can make tested bolt 7 pass that also offers vertically, upper connector 5 evenly offers with the side of lower web member 4 threaded hole matching with testing table support member for fixing upper connector 5 and lower web member 4 vertically, on pedestal, be fixed with testing table support member, on tested bolt 7, be arranged with successively bolt collar 6, web member and bearing support assembly from top to bottom, bearing support assembly comprises the cylindrical roller thrust bearing 12 and the bearing sleeve 13 that are set on tested bolt 7, the blowout patche of cylindrical roller thrust bearing 12 is arranged in the circular groove of lower web member 4 lower surfaces, and the seat ring of cylindrical roller thrust bearing 12 is arranged on bearing sleeve 13, on pedestal, be fixed with testing table support member, web member is fixed on testing table support member, on tested bolt 7, be also arranged with measurement mechanism and for applying the charger of pretightning force to tested bolt 7, charger comprise be arranged on tested bolt 7 bolt head tighten axle 8 and be arranged on tested bolt 7 bottoms for the nut 14 of tightening axle 8 and matching, tighten on axle 8 and be connected with the control system of tightening axle 8 for controlling, in control system, be also connected with for gathering, store and analyze the data processing module of tightening axle output torque feedback signal.
Principle of the present invention:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of test unit that can detect bolt head carrying plane friction factor, comprising: pedestal, connected piece fulcrum arrangement, test specimen, bearing supporting device, connected piece, charger and measurement mechanism.
As shown in Figure 2, pedestal comprises cast iron platform 1 and disc base 2, and cast iron platform 1 is fixed on ground by foot bolt, and cast iron platform upper surface is opened T-shaped groove; On disc base 2, offer the support member connecting thread hole 2-1 matching with testing table support member and the flange nut connecting through hole 2-2 matching with flange, disc base 2 is fixed on cast iron platform 1 upper surface by flange bolt.
As shown in Figure 3, testing table support member is comprised of three identical L-type bracing frames 3 of structure, L-type bracing frame 3 sidewalls have the through hole 3-2 matching with upper connector 5 and the waist-shaped hole 3-1 matching with lower web member 4, and bottom surface has the through hole 3-3 matching with disc base 2.Bottom surface is along circumferential uniform being fixed on disc base 2, and medial surface is connected with lower web member 4 and upper connector 5 respectively along circumferentially uniform, and surface of contact is arc surface.
As shown in Figure 4, web member comprises lower web member 4 and upper connector 5, and upper connector 5 upper surfaces have rectangular channel, and intermediate shaft is to opening the bolt hole 5-2 that tested bolt 7 is passed through, and circumferentially uniformly opens three positioning spiro pit 5-3; As shown in Figure 5, lower web member 4 lower surfaces have circular groove 4-1, and intermediate shaft is to opening bolt hole 4-3, circumferentially uniformly open three positioning spiro pit 4-2.
As shown in Figure 6, test specimen is tested bolt 7, and tested bolt 7 supports by bolt collar 6, and the large I of internal diameter of bolt collar 6 is matched according to the diameter of test bolt, nut 14 supports by bearing sleeve 13, by fastening nut 14, tested bolt 7 is loaded.
As shown in Figure 7, bearing support assembly comprises cylindrical roller thrust bearing 12 and bearing sleeve 13, and cylindrical roller thrust bearing 12 blowout patches are arranged on lower connected piece 4, and cylindrical roller thrust bearing 12 seat rings are arranged on bearing sleeve 13.
Charger comprises nut 14, tightens axle 8, control system and data processing module.By fastening nut 14, for tested bolt 7, apply pretightning force, by tightening axle 8, tighten the bolt head of tested bolt 7, detect tested bolt tightening moment of torsion.Control system can accurately be set max. output torque and the moment of torsion of tightening axle and increase progressively curve, can Real-time Feedback tightens the variable signal of axle output torque, and feedback signal is by data processing module collection, storage and analysis.
Measurement mechanism comprise washer type power sensor 10, on exert oneself sensor mat sheet 9 and 11, charge amplifier, data acquisition and data processing module.Washer type power sensor 10 is fixed between upper connector 5 and lower web member 4, the axial pre tightening force variable signal in the tested bolt tightening process of Real-Time Monitoring.Power sensor is converted to the dynamic force of receiving the charge signal being proportional in real time, by the low-resistance stube cable that insulate, is sent in charge amplifier and is nursed one's health amplification, be converted to proportional can be by the analog voltage signal of data acquisition system (DAS) collection, storage.Analog electrical signal is input in data analysis disposal system and is processed, observe the variation of tested bolt pretightening.
While adopting the present invention to carry out the measurement of bolt head supporting surface friction factor, specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
1), according to the demarcation of dispatching from the factory of power sensor, set power transducer range and sensitivity, the signal conversion ratio of setting data acquisition system.
2) choose and the match bolt collar 6 of (medium assembly precision) of tested bolt internal diameter, bolt collar 6 is arranged in the rectangular channel 5-1 of upper connected piece 5, the screw matching by the through hole 3-2 on L-type bracing frame is by fixing upper connector 5.
3) tested bolt 7, washer type power sensor 10, lower web member 4, cylindrical roller thrust bearing 12, bearing sleeve 13 and nut 14 are installed successively, by the tested bolt 7 of the slight pretension of nut 14, the screw that waist-shaped hole 3-1 on slight pretension L-type bracing frame matches, the lower web member 4 of constraint circumferentially rotates.
4), by the bolt head of the fixing tested bolt 7 of interior six square sockets, fastening nut 14, records the reading of washer type power sensor 10 by data acquisition system (DAS), after its indicating value is stable, record this value F.
5) by tightening axle 8, rotate the bolt head of tested bolt 7, moment of torsion curve over time in control system tightened in record, utilizes tightening system data processing software to extract moment of torsion stationary value T
b.
6) by the data F and the T that measure
bthe friction factor of calculating bolt head supporting surface, formula is as follows:
In above formula, T
bfor bolt head screw-down torque, F is bolt pretightening, r
mbfor bolt head effective contact radius, μ
bfor the friction factor of bolt head and upper connected piece.
7) repeat 2)-6) and step, bolt head supporting surface friction factor under different bolt pretightenings is tested, and each group of experimental test result is averaged, obtain the bolt head supporting surface friction factor of tested bolt.
After a kind of tested bolt of model is finished, repeat above-mentioned steps, change tested bolt 7, nut 14, bolt collar 6 and bearing sleeve 13, so, can obtain dissimilar bolt head carrying plane friction factor.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention; can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; for general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the present invention by the definite protection domain of submitted to claims.
Claims (8)
1. for detection of a test unit for bolt head supporting surface friction factor, it is characterized in that: comprise pedestal and be set in successively bolt collar (6), web member and the bearing support assembly on tested bolt (7) from top to bottom; On pedestal, be fixed with testing table support member, web member is fixed on testing table support member, is also arranged with measurement mechanism and for applying the charger of pretightning force to tested bolt (7) on tested bolt (7).
2. a kind of test unit for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pedestal comprises the cast iron platform (1) and the disc base (2) that are fixed on bottom surface, the upper surface of cast iron platform offers the T-shaped groove for fixed disc base (2), and testing table support member is fixed on disc base (2).
3. a kind of test unit for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described testing table support member comprises three L-type bracing frames (3) that structure is identical, three L-type bracing frames (3), take minor face as bottom surface, are evenly arranged and are fixed on disc base (2); Web member is arranged on the inner side of three L-type bracing frames (3), and the inner side surface of contact of web member and L-type bracing frame (3) is arc surface.
4. a kind of test unit for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described web member comprises upper connector (5) and lower web member (4), measurement mechanism is arranged between upper connector (5) and lower web member (4), the upper surface of upper connector (5) offers the rectangular channel for placing bolt collar (6), and centre offers the through hole that can make tested bolt (7) pass vertically; The lower surface of lower web member (4) offers the circular groove for bearing support assembly is installed, and centre also offers the through hole that can make tested bolt (7) pass vertically; Upper connector (5) evenly offers with the side of lower web member (4) threaded hole matching with testing table support member for fixing upper connector (5) and lower web member (4) vertically.
5. a kind of test unit for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described bearing support assembly comprises the cylindrical roller thrust bearing (12) and the bearing sleeve (13) that are set on tested bolt (7), the blowout patche of cylindrical roller thrust bearing (12) is arranged in the circular groove of lower web member (4) lower surface, and the seat ring of cylindrical roller thrust bearing (12) is arranged on bearing sleeve (13).
6. a kind of test unit for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described charger comprise be arranged on tested bolt (7) bolt head tighten axle (8) and be arranged on tested bolt (7) bottom for the nut (14) of tightening axle (8) and matching; Tighten on axle (8) and be connected with the control system of tightening axle (8) for controlling, in control system, be also connected with for gathering, store and analyze the data processing module of tightening axle output torque feedback signal.
7. a kind of test unit for detection of bolt head supporting surface friction factor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism comprises for the washer type power sensor (10) of the tested bolt tightening process of Real-Time Monitoring axial pre tightening force variable signal and is separately positioned on power sensor Upper gasket (9) and the power sensor lower gasket (11) on washer type power sensor (10) upper surface and lower surface; It is upper that washer type power sensor (10) is sleeved on tested bolt (7), and be fixed between upper connector (5) and lower web member (4); Washer type power sensor (10) is also connected with charge amplifier, and washer type power sensor (10) is connected with data processing module with data acquisition by charge amplifier.
8. for detection of a test method for bolt head supporting surface friction factor, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1), according to the demarcation of dispatching from the factory of power sensor, set power transducer range and sensitivity, the signal conversion ratio of setting data acquisition system;
2) choose the bolt collar (6) matching with tested bolt (7) internal diameter, bolt collar (6) is arranged in the rectangular channel of upper connector (5) upper surface, then upper connector (5) is fixed on L-type bracing frame (3);
3) tested bolt (7), washer type power sensor (10), lower web member (4), cylindrical roller thrust bearing (12), bearing sleeve (13) and nut (14) are installed successively, by the tested bolt of nut (14) pretension (7), the lower web member (4) of constraint circumferentially rotates;
4), by the bolt head of the fixing tested bolt (7) of interior six square sockets, fastening nut (14), records the reading of washer type power sensor (10) by data acquisition system (DAS), after its indicating value is stable, record this value F;
5) by tightening axle (8), rotate the bolt head of tested bolt (7), moment of torsion curve over time in control system tightened in record, extracts moment of torsion stationary value T in data processing module
b;
6) by the data F and the T that measure
bthe friction factor of calculating bolt head supporting surface, formula is as follows:
In above formula, T
bfor bolt head screw-down torque, F is bolt pretightening, r
mbfor bolt head effective contact radius, μ
bfor the friction factor of bolt head and upper connected piece;
7) repeating step 2)~6), bolt head supporting surface friction factor under different bolt pretightenings is tested, and each group of experimental test result averaged, obtain the bolt head supporting surface friction factor of tested bolt.
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CN106248572A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-21 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of bolt friction coefficient measuring apparatus |
CN108007859A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-05-08 | 大连理工大学 | High-strength bolt node resistant slide method for testing performance after one kind corrosion |
CN108387468A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-10 | 桂林航天工业学院 | A kind of NiTi memorial alloys bolt connection part is from loose experimental rig and method |
CN108387511A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-08-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of friction pair test specimen of frictional behaviour for SRV Simulation evaluation gearbox gear oil synchronizers |
CN108458825A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-28 | 易克威***株式会社 | The axial force and friction torque measuring device of screw and the measurement method for utilizing the device |
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CN106248572A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-21 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of bolt friction coefficient measuring apparatus |
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WO2021258568A1 (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-30 | 北京工业大学 | Versatile measurement device applicable in torque-based and angle-based methods for various critical coefficients of friction of screw |
CN113109249A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-13 | 苏州市草里浜宇然服饰有限公司 | Rainy day sole friction force detection equipment |
CN113109249B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-11-04 | 许青成 | Rainy day sole friction force detection equipment |
CN114623971A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-06-14 | 宁波威孚天力增压技术股份有限公司 | Device and method for determining tightening torque of shaft end nut of turbocharger |
CN114623971B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2024-03-08 | 宁波威孚天力增压技术股份有限公司 | Device and method for determining tightening torque of shaft end nut of turbocharger |
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