CN103635341A - 用于车辆的传动系和用于控制传动系的方法 - Google Patents

用于车辆的传动系和用于控制传动系的方法 Download PDF

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CN103635341A
CN103635341A CN201280031128.3A CN201280031128A CN103635341A CN 103635341 A CN103635341 A CN 103635341A CN 201280031128 A CN201280031128 A CN 201280031128A CN 103635341 A CN103635341 A CN 103635341A
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locking bushing
motor
input shaft
propelling unit
place
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M·贝里奎斯特
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Scania CV AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/06—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆的推进装置（2），所述装置（2）包括内燃机（4）的输出轴（14）、齿轮箱（8）的输入轴（27）、包括定子（24）和转子（26）的电机（6）、和包括可移动部件（18、20、22）的行星齿轮（10）。锁定套筒（38）能够在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，在所述第一位置发动机输出轴（14）和齿轮箱输入轴（27）被允许经由行星齿轮（10）以不同速度旋转，并且锁定套筒（38）在所述第二位置将发动机输出轴（14）经由行星齿轮（10）牢固地连接至齿轮箱输入轴（27）。本发明还涉及一种用于控制这种推进装置（2）的方法。

Description

用于车辆的传动系和用于控制传动系的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的一种用于车辆的推进装置。本发明还涉及根据权利要求13的前序部分的一种用于控制所述推进装置的方法。
背景技术
混合动力车辆可以由主要原动机和次要原动机提供动力，所述主要原动机可以是内燃机，并且所述次要原动机可以是电机。电机会配备有至少一个电池以存储电能，并且配置有调节设备以调节电能在电池和电机之间的流动。电机从而可以取决于车辆的运转状态替代地用作电动机和发电动机。当车辆被制动时，电机产生电能，所述电能随后被存储在电池中。存储的电能继而用于车辆的运转。
使用在齿轮箱中的换档过程期间将齿轮箱输入轴与发动机解除连接的传统离合器机构涉及以下缺点，例如离合器机构的盘部变热，导致更大的燃料消耗以及离合器盘磨损。此外，传统离合器机构是相对较重和昂贵的。其还占据车辆中相当大的空间。
将发动机输出轴、电机的转子和齿轮箱输入轴连接至行星齿轮使得可以免除传统离合器机构。车辆的加速将使得更大的扭矩从发动机和电机传递至齿轮箱并且继而传递至车辆的动力轮。发动机和电机两者都被连接至行星齿轮的事实意味着，能够由发动机和电机传递的最大扭矩将受到这两个原动机中的最大扭矩较低的那个的限制。如果电机的最大扭矩小于发动机的最大扭矩，那么电机将不能产生足够的作用于行星齿轮的反作用扭矩，导致发动机不能将其最大扭矩输送至齿轮箱并且继而输送至车辆的动力轮。能够输送至齿轮箱的最大扭矩因此由电机的功率限定。具体地，当期望车辆产生强劲的加速度而电机不能产生足够的反作用扭矩时，多余的热量将在电机中产生。
专利文献US-A1-2003/0078127涉及一种用于车辆的推进***，其具有连接至行星齿轮的内燃机和电动机。行星齿轮的行星齿轮架被连接至齿轮箱的输入轴。行星齿轮架和行星齿轮的太阳轮能够由套筒牢固地连接，以使得电机和齿轮箱输入轴能够作为固定的旋转单元旋转。
车辆中的推进装置的可用空间通常是有限的。如果推进装置包括多个部件，例如内燃机、电机、齿轮箱和行星齿轮，那么构造需要是紧凑的。为此，期望的是电机的尺寸小，这限制了其功率和可能产生的最大扭矩。
推进装置的部件还需要具有高可靠性和高运转安全性，并且能够输送大扭矩，同时具有小尺寸和低重量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种结构紧凑型车辆推进装置。
本发明的另一目的是提出一种具有高可靠性和高运转安全性的车辆推进装置。
本发明的还一目的是提出一种具有小尺寸和低重量的扭矩输送部件的车辆推进装置。
这些目的借助于一种在背景技术中提及的类型的推进装置实现，所述推进装置具有在权利要求1的特征部分中指示出的特征。
这些目的还借助于一种用于控制在背景技术中提及的类型的推进装置的方法实现，所述方法具有在权利要求13的特征部分中指示出的特征。
锁定套筒将发动机输出轴经由行星齿轮牢固地连接至齿轮箱输入轴的事实使得可以实现期望的车辆加速度，同时能够限制电机的尺寸和功率，导致具有有限尺寸的紧凑型推进装置。其还使得电机能够产生的最大扭矩低于能够由发动机产生的最大扭矩。锁定套筒将发动机输出轴经由行星齿轮牢固地连接至齿轮箱输入轴的事实使得可以实现大扭矩臂，这意味着锁定套筒以及行星齿轮的部件能够是小尺寸和低重量的。
根据本发明的一实施例，锁定套筒配置有花键，在第一位置所述花键与行星齿轮的第一可移动部件的花键啮合，并且在第二位置所述花键与行星齿轮的第二可移动部件上的花键啮合。这使得锁定套筒和行星齿轮架可以是小尺寸和低重量的。花键连接还使得可以实现也具有高可靠性和高运转安全性的紧凑型构造。
根据另一实施例，锁定套筒具有至少一个凹部，第一可移动部件上的至少一个销部配置为接合在所述凹部中。凹部和销部导致锁定套筒在第一位置和第二位置之间的可靠移动。
根据另一实施例，锁定套筒中的至少一个凹部被以下述方式配置，即，使得当至少一个销部被***形成在凹部中的锁定部中并且锁定套筒和第二可移动部件围绕公共旋转轴线旋转时锁定套筒被保持在第二位置。从而不需要其它构件以将锁定套筒保持在第二位置，导致紧凑型构造、高可靠性和高运转安全性。
行星齿轮通常包括设置为相对于彼此旋转的三个部件，即，太阳轮、行星齿轮架和齿圈。知晓太阳轮和齿圈具有的齿数使得可以在运转期间确定三个部件的转速。根据本发明，行星齿轮的部件中的一个被连接至发动机的输出轴。因此行星齿轮的这个部件以与发动机输出轴的速度相对应的速度旋转。行星齿轮的第二部件被连接至齿轮箱的输入轴。因此行星齿轮的这个部件以与齿轮箱输入轴相同的速度旋转。行星齿轮的第三部件被连接至电机的转子。因此行星齿轮的这个部件以与电机的转子相同的速度旋转，如果它们直接连接至彼此。替代地，电机可以经由具有一传动比的变速器被连接至行星齿轮的第三部件，在这种情况下电机和行星齿轮的第三部件能够以不同速度旋转。电机的速度能够被无级地调节。在要将期望的速度赋予齿轮箱输入轴的运转情况下，控制单元使用发动机的速度的信息以计算一速度，要以所述速度驱动第三部件用于使得齿轮箱输入轴以期望的速度运行。控制单元启动电机以使得其将计算出的速度赋予第三部件并且继而将期望的速度赋予齿轮箱输入轴。
本发明的其它优点由在下文中载列的详细说明指示出。
附图说明
本发明的优选实施例在下文中借助于实施例并参照附图描述，其中：
图1描绘了具有根据本发明的推进装置的车辆的侧视图，
图2是根据本发明的推进装置的剖视图，其中锁定套筒处于第一位置，
图3是根据本发明的推进装置的剖视图，其中锁定套筒处于第二位置，
图4是根据本发明的锁定套筒的立体图，
图5是根据本发明的锁定套筒中的凹部的详细视图，以及
图6是展示用于控制根据本发明的推进装置的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是配置有根据本发明的推进装置2的车辆1的侧视图。内燃机4经由行星齿轮10被连接至电机6和齿轮箱8。齿轮箱还被连接至车辆的动力轮12。
图2是根据本发明的推进装置2的剖视图。行星齿轮10包括采用太阳轮18、齿圈20和行星齿轮架22的形式的可移动部件。在所描绘的实施例中，太阳轮18被连接至发动机输出轴14以形成复合单元。还可以将发动机输出轴14连接至齿圈20或行星齿轮架22。太阳轮18接下来被连接至电机6或齿轮箱8。所导致的不同传动比取决于行星齿轮10的哪个部件被连接至发动机4、电机6或齿轮箱8。
电机6包括定子24和转子26。定子被牢固地连接至车辆并且因此不旋转。转子被连接至行星齿轮的齿圈20并且因此能够相对于定子旋转。在所描绘的示意性实施例中，齿圈20和电机的转子26形成复合单元，但是其还可以是连接至彼此的单独的单元。
齿轮箱8的输入轴27被连接至行星齿轮架，所述行星齿轮架包括多个被称为行星齿轮28的齿轮，所述齿轮借助于例如滚动轴承36被支撑在行星齿轮架上。在所描绘的实施例中，太阳轮18借助于滚动轴承37被类似地支撑在行星齿轮架上。行星齿轮28的齿部30与太阳轮18和齿圈20上的相应齿部32、34啮合。
在发动机制动期间，驾驶员将车辆的加速踏板（未描绘）释放。齿轮箱输入轴27接下来驱动电机6，同时发动机4和电机6施加发动机制动。在这种情况下，电机6产生电能，所述电能接下来被存储在车载电池50中。这种运转状态被称为再生制动（regenerative braking）。电机6从而用作发电动机并且以下述方式施加作用于来自齿轮箱8的扭矩的反作用扭矩，即，使得车辆被制动，因为齿轮箱被连接至动力轮。
在车辆1的加速期间，必须将更大的扭矩从发动机4和电机6传递至齿轮箱8并且继而传递至车辆的动力轮12。因为发动机和电机都被连接至行星齿轮10，所以能够由发动机4和电机6传递的最大扭矩受到原动机4、6中最大扭矩较低的那个的限制。如果电机的最大扭矩低于发动机的最大扭矩，那么电机将不能产生足够的作用于行星齿轮的反作用扭矩，结果是发动机不能将其最大扭矩输送至齿轮箱并且继而输送至动力轮。能够输送至齿轮箱的最大扭矩因此受到电机的功率的限制。具体地，当期望车辆产生强劲的加速度并且电机不能产生足够的反作用扭矩时，多余的热量将在电机中产生。
借助于锁定套筒38将发动机输出轴14经由行星齿轮10连接至齿轮箱输入轴27使得可以实现车辆的期望的加速，同时限制电机的尺寸和功率，导致具有有限尺寸的紧凑型推进装置2。这还意味着电机能够产生的最大扭矩可以小于能够由发动机产生的最大扭矩。
锁定套筒38能够在第一位置和第二位置之间移动。第一位置使得发动机输出轴14和齿轮箱输入轴27经由行星齿轮10以不同速度旋转。锁定套筒38在其第二位置将发动机输出轴14经由行星齿轮10牢固地连接至齿轮箱输入轴27。
锁定套筒38配置有花键64，所述花键在第一位置与齿圈20上的花键66啮合。锁定套筒的花键64还能够在第二位置与行星齿轮架上的花键68啮合。锁定套筒采用环形套筒的形式，所述环形套筒基本上能够同心地围绕齿圈外周的一部分47和行星齿轮架外周的一部分49。花键64处于锁定套筒的内圆周上并且具有使得其能够同时与齿圈20上的花键和行星齿轮架22上的花键啮合的轴向延展尺寸。齿圈所配置有的花键66优选地处于齿圈的***。行星齿轮架所配置有的花键68优选地处于行星齿轮架的***。结果是用于借助于锁定套筒输送扭矩的大扭矩臂。
发动机输出轴14、电机的转子26、齿轮箱输入轴27和锁定套筒28被设置成围绕公共旋转轴线48旋转。
锁定套筒38当在第一位置和第二位置之间移动时能够沿齿圈20外周和行星齿轮架22外周轴向移位。换档拨叉53配置成将锁定套筒在第一位置和第二位置之间移动。换档拨叉在配置在锁定套筒的***中的槽部62中延伸。换档拨叉优选地由连接至压缩空气源56的气缸54控制。气缸具有活塞杆57，换档拨叉被安装在所述活塞杆上。
为了将锁定套筒38从第一位置移位并且移动至第二位置，以下述方式控制发动机4和电机6，即，使得在发动机输出轴14和行星齿轮10之间产生无扭矩状态。这涉及到使用控制单元55，所述控制单元还适于使得电机6在特定的适宜运转情况下使用被存储的电能以向齿轮箱输入轴27提供驱动力，并且使得所述电机在其它运转情况下使用齿轮箱输入轴的动能以产生和存储电能。控制单元55因此监视发动机输出轴14、齿轮箱输入轴27和电机的转子26的转速和/或扭矩并且以其作为基础用于以下述方式控制发动机和电机，即，使得在发动机输出轴和齿轮箱输入轴之间形成无扭矩状态。当实现无扭矩状态时，锁定套筒38借助于以下方式被移位并且移动至第二位置：控制单元启动压缩空气源56以将压缩空气经由管线58供应至气缸54以使得所述气缸借助于拨叉53推动锁定套筒。控制单元55经由电导体60被连接至发动机4、齿轮箱8、电机6和压缩空气源56。控制单元从而控制锁定套筒38的移动。还可以配置用于压缩空气源的单独的控制单元。
控制单元55从而适于控制锁定套筒38并且还适于决定电机6何时用作电动机以及何时用作发电动机。为了决定这点，控制单元可以从上文中指示出的适当的运转参数中接收当前信息。控制单元可以是具有为此目的的适当软件的计算机。控制单元还控制电能在电池50和电机的定子24之间的流动。在电机用作电动机时，被存储的电能被从电池供应至定子。在电机用作发电动机时，电能被从定子供应至电池。
图3是根据本发明的推进装置2的剖视图，其中锁定套筒38处于第二位置，在所述第二位置发动机输出轴14和齿轮箱输入轴27经由行星齿轮10借助于锁定套筒牢固地连接到彼此。为了使得锁定套筒可以这样移动，控制单元55首先将以下述方式控制发动机和电机，即，使得在发动机输出轴14和齿轮箱输入轴27之间形成无扭矩状态，如上文中与图2相关所解释的。
当车辆已被加速至期望的速度时，以下述方式控制换档拨叉53，即，使得锁定套筒38返回至第一位置。同时，由控制单元55以下述方式控制发动机和电机，即，使得在发动机输出轴14和齿轮箱输入轴27之间形成无扭矩状态。当实现无扭矩状态时，锁定套筒被移位并且移动至第一位置。当锁定套筒已返回至第一位置时，车辆能够由发动机和电机二者提供动力。
图4是根据本发明的锁定套筒38的立体图。所述锁定套筒采用在内周上具有花键64的环形套筒的形式。所述图还示出了在套筒的***中的配置用于换档拨叉的槽部62。套筒的内周面配置有至少一个凹部42，齿圈的***上的至少一个销部40配置为接合在所述凹部中，如图2和3所描绘的。在图4中，三个凹部42围绕套筒等距隔开。销部40的数量必须与所述凹部的数量相对应，并且在齿圈20外周隔开。凹部42具有一轴向延展尺寸并且被以下述方式配置，即，使得当销部40被***凹部42中的锁定部70中时锁定套筒被保持在第二位置。
图5是根据本发明的锁定套筒38中的凹部42的详细视图。所述凹部沿套筒的轴向延展尺寸延伸。凹部配置有具有基本上平行相对的第一壁面74的细长部72，所述第一壁面以比销部40的直径和花键连接部64、66、68中的游隙都要大的距离隔开。从而在第一位置销部40被防止抵靠和擦碰凹部42的第一壁面74。细长部72连结至锁定部70，所述锁定部具有彼此相对并且相距一段距离定位的壁面76，并且具有基本上与销部40的半径相对应的半径。锁定部的各第二壁面76之间的距离大于销部40的直径。锁定部相对于锁定套筒的花键64以下述方式定位，即，使得当销部40处于锁定部的中心79处时，拨叉53不沿套筒的轴向方向抵靠套筒的外部槽部62。凹部42的细长部72被定位在锁定套筒38的花键64和凹部42的锁定部70之间。
当锁定套筒38将被从第一位置移动至第二位置时，发动机4和电机6首先被控制，以使得在齿圈20和行星齿轮架22之间产生基本上无扭矩状态。压缩空气缸54接下来***作，以使得拨叉53将锁定套筒移动。凹部42从而被从销部40最接近锁定套筒的花键64的位置沿锁定套筒的轴向方向移动至销部靠近锁定部70的中心的位置。当锁定套筒的花键64与行星齿轮架的花键68啮合时，扭矩在套筒上产生，导致沿其轴向方向（即垂直于凹部42的延展尺寸）的力。锁定部的第二壁面76接下来与销部的***面接触，所述销部从而在锁定部中居于中心。因此对于拨叉53而言，将套筒38正好移动至正确位置是不重要的，因为凹部42的第二壁面76的构造自动地使得销部40到达正确位置。当销部处于锁定部70的中心79时，拨叉不沿锁定套筒的轴向方向抵靠锁定套筒的外部槽部62，因此没有摩擦在这些部件之间产生。然而，对于销部而言，不需要沿锁定套筒的周向方向在锁定部中居于中心以防止拨叉抵靠锁定套筒的外部槽部62。
为了能够将锁定套筒38从第二位置轴向地移动至第一位置，以下述方式控制发动机4和电机6，即，使得在齿圈20和行星齿轮架22之间产生基本上无扭矩状态。在无扭矩状态中，凹部42中的锁定部70将能够离开销部40，结果是锁定套筒能够借助于拨叉53被轴向地移动。
图6是展示用于控制根据本发明的推进装置2的方法的流程图。根据本发明的方法的特征在于以下步骤：
a）以下述方式控制发动机4和电机6，即，使得在发动机输出轴14和齿轮箱输入轴27之间产生基本上无扭矩状态，以及
b）借助于锁定套筒38将发动机输出轴14和行星齿轮10牢固地连接至彼此，所述锁定套筒被从经由行星齿轮10使得发动机输出轴14和齿轮箱输入轴27以不同速度旋转的第一位置移动至锁定套筒将发动机输出轴经由行星齿轮牢固地连接至齿轮箱输入轴的第二位置。
在上文中被提及的部件和被指示出的特征可以在本发明的范围中与被提及的各种实施例相结合。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于车辆的推进装置，所述装置（2）包括内燃机（4）的输出轴（14）、齿轮箱（8）的输入轴（27）、包括定子（24）和转子（26）的电机（6）、以及包括可移动部件（18、20、22）的行星齿轮（10）、能够在第一位置和第二位置之间移动的锁定套筒（38），在所述第一位置发动机输出轴（14）和齿轮箱输入轴（27）被允许经由行星齿轮（10）以不同速度旋转，并且在所述第二位置锁定套筒（38）将发动机输出轴（14）经由行星齿轮（10）牢固地连接至齿轮箱输入轴（27），其特征在于，电机的转子（26）被连接至行星齿轮的齿圈（20）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的推进装置，其特征在于，锁定套筒（38）配置有花键（64），在第一位置所述花键与行星齿轮（10）的第一可移动部件（20、22）的花键（66、68）啮合，并且在第二位置所述花键与行星齿轮（10）的第二可移动部件（20、22）上的花键（66、68）啮合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的推进装置，其特征在于，锁定套筒（38）具有至少一个凹部（42），第一可移动部件上的至少一个销部（40）配置为接合在所述凹部中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的推进装置，其特征在于，锁定套筒（38）中的至少一个凹部（42，44）具有轴向延展尺寸。
5.根据权利要求3和4中任一项所述的推进装置，其特征在于，锁定套筒（38）中的至少一个凹部（42）被以下述方式配置，即，使得当至少一个销部（40）被***形成在凹部（42）中的锁定部（70）中时、并且当锁定套筒（38）和第二可移动部件（20、22）围绕公共旋转轴线（48）旋转时锁定套筒（38）被保持在第二位置。
6.根据前记权利要求中任一项所述的推进装置，其特征在于，第一可移动部件（20、22）被连接至电机的转子（26），以及第二可移动部件（20、22）被连接至齿轮箱输入轴（27）。
7.根据前记权利要求中任一项所述的推进装置，其特征在于，第一可移动部件是齿圈（20），以及第二可移动部件是行星齿轮架（22）。
8.根据前记权利要求中任一项所述的推进装置，其特征在于，锁定套筒（38）能够于在第一位置和第二位置之间移动期间沿着齿圈（20）和行星齿轮架（22）轴向移位。
9.根据权利要求8所述的推进装置，其特征在于，配置换档拨叉（53）以将锁定套筒（38）在第一位置和第二位置之间移动。
10.根据前记权利要求中任一项所述的推进装置，其特征在于，锁定套筒（38）采用环形套筒的形式，所述环形套筒在第二位置基本上同心地包围齿圈（20）外周的一部分和行星齿轮架（22）外周的一部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的推进装置，其特征在于，发动机输出轴（14）、电机的转子（26）、齿轮箱输入轴（27）和锁定套筒（38）被设置成围绕公共旋转轴线（48）旋转。
12.根据前记权利要求中任一项所述的推进装置，其特征在于，控制单元（55）适于控制电机（6），以使得所述电机在特定的适当运转情况下使用被存储的电能以将驱动力赋予齿轮箱输入轴（27），并且使得所述电机在其它的运转情况下使用齿轮箱输入轴（27）的动能以产生和存储电能。
13.一种用于控制推进装置的方法，所述推进装置包括内燃机（4）的输出轴（14）、齿轮箱（8）的输入轴（27）、包括定子（24）和转子（26）的电机（6）、以及包括可移动部件（18、20、22）的行星齿轮（10），所述方法的特征在于以下步骤：
a）以下述方式控制发动机（4）和电机（6），即，使得在发动机输出轴（14）和齿轮箱输入轴（27）之间产生基本上无扭矩状态，以及
b）借助于从第一位置移动至第二位置的锁定套筒（38）将发动机输出轴（14）和行星齿轮（10）牢固地连接至彼此，在所述第一位置发动机输出轴（14）和齿轮箱输入轴（27）被使得经由行星齿轮（10）以不同速度旋转，在所述第二位置锁定套筒（38）将行星齿轮的齿圈（20）经由花键（66）牢固地连接至行星齿轮架（22）。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，锁定套筒（38）借助于换档拨叉（53）从第一位置移动至第二位置。
CN201280031128.3A 2011-06-27 2012-06-18 用于车辆的传动系和用于控制传动系的方法 Pending CN103635341A (zh)

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