CN103633645B - 一种基于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法 - Google Patents
一种基于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法,属于电力***运行和控制技术领域。本方法利用单辆电动汽车未来充电行为的预测信息,在每个控制时刻考虑未来一段时间内的电力***和电动汽车的运行状态,利用将入网单辆电动汽车充电行为的预测数据,建立相应的充电预测模型,并将预测模型纳入已入网充电汽车的实时滚动优化模型中,求解已入网汽车当前时刻的优化充电功率,在最终的控制方案中只对入网充电的电动汽车下发当前时刻的最优解。本方法有效提高了现有实时充电优化方法的效果,更好地削峰填谷,增加电力***效益。本方法对电动汽车的预测误差具有良好的鲁棒性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法,属于电力***运行和控制技术领域。
背景技术
作为清洁能源汽车的代表,电动汽车近年得到了快速发展。电动汽车数量达到一定规模后,如果任由其无序充电将对电力***产生负面影响,引发电能质量下降、网损增加、甚至危及电力***稳定性。因此,有必要实现电动汽车充电的实时优化,避免上述影响,并实现电力***的削峰填谷。
目前实时优化方法中,只考虑入网充电汽车对削峰填谷的影响,没有考虑未来将入网充电汽车的影响,虽然方法可行,但由于优化已知信息局限于入网汽车,当电动汽车入网时间分散时,优化效果并不够好。
伴随ICT技术的应用和车网通信技术的推进,对于电动汽车未来充电行为,如充电时间,充电地点,充电需求等,已有不少研究,结果表明,单辆电动汽车的充电行为预测可行,并且具有较好的预测精度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种基于单辆电动汽车充电预测的实时充电优化方法,利用将入网单辆电动汽车充电行为的预测数据,建立相应的充电预测模型,并将预测模型纳入已入网充电汽车的实时滚动优化模型中,求解已入网汽车当前时刻的优化充电功率。
本发明提出的于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在电力***的调度时刻t,从电力***控制中心获取已入网的N辆电动汽车中第n辆电动汽车的入网时刻和离开时刻记第n辆电动汽车的额定充电功率为调度时刻t第n辆电动汽车的净充电需求为
(2)根据上述获取的数据,确定电力***中调度时刻t的参与实时充电的电动汽车集合为其中集合Mt中的电动汽车满足如下条件:在调度时刻t之前接入电网,在调度时刻t之后离开电网,且在调度时刻t的净充电需求大于0;
(3)根据上述电动汽车集合Mt中电动汽车的最迟离开时刻,确定实时充电的时间段为
其中集合Ωt中的时刻k要大于或等于电力***调度时刻t,小于集合Mt中最迟离网电动汽车的离网时刻;
(4)设定一个预测时间段Tt p,使Tt p小于或等于实时充电时间段Ωt,从电力***控制中心获取将入网的各辆电动汽车预计接入电力***时间段确定将入网电动汽车集合集合Lt中的电动汽车满足如下条件:在调度时刻t和时刻t+Tp之内接入电网,从电力***控制中心获取预测集合Lt内各电动汽车的充电需求和在时刻t和时刻t+Tp之内各时刻的最大充电功率
(5)根据上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt和将入网电动汽车集合Lt,对上述实时充电的时间段Ωt进行更新,使Ωt大于或等于所有入网电动汽车和将入网电动汽车中最迟离网电动汽车的离网时刻;
(6)根据上述获取的预测数据,建立一个电动汽车实时充电模型::
其中,D0(k)为电力***中的配电网在上述实时充电时间段Ωt内的第k时刻的常规负荷功率,Δt为充电控制时间步长,为上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt中第n辆入网电动汽车的额定充电功率,为上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt中第n辆入网电动汽车在调度时刻t的净充电需求,为上述将入网电动汽车集合Lt中第n辆电动汽车在第k时刻的最大充电功率,为上述将入网电动汽车集合Lt中第n辆电动汽车的充电需求,rn(k)为变量,表示上述集合Mt和Lt中所有电动汽车中第n辆电动汽车在第k时刻的充电功率;
对上述电动汽车实时充电模型求解,得到实时充电时间段Ωt内各时刻的充电功率
(7)将上述各时刻的充电功率中当前时刻的充电功率下发给各入网充电汽车,根据充电功率对电动汽车实时充电。
本发明提出的于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法,其优点是,本发明方法充分利用了单辆电动汽车未来充电行为的预测信息,在每个控制时刻都考虑了未来一段时间内的电力***和电动汽车的运行状态,利用将入网单辆电动汽车充电行为的预测数据,建立相应的充电预测模型,并将预测模型纳入已入网充电汽车的实时滚动优化模型中,求解已入网汽车当前时刻的优化充电功率,在最终的控制方案中只对入网充电的电动汽车下发当前时刻的最优解。本发明方法可以有效提高现有实时充电优化方法的效果,更好地削峰填谷,增加电力***效益。而且本发明方法对电动汽车的预测误差具有良好的鲁棒性。在单辆电动汽车入网充电时间预测误差为30分钟的情况下,和现有方法相比仍然有显著的改善。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法的流程框图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的基于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法,其流程框图如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
(1)在电力***的调度时刻t,从电力***控制中心获取已入网的N辆电动汽车中第n辆电动汽车的入网时刻和离开时刻记第n辆电动汽车的额定充电功率为调度时刻t第n辆电动汽车的净充电需求为
(2)根据上述获取的数据,确定电力***中调度时刻t的参与实时充电的电动汽车集合为其中集合Mt中的电动汽车满足如下条件:在调度时刻t之前接入电网,在调度时刻t之后离开电网,且在调度时刻t的净充电需求大于0;
(3)根据上述电动汽车集合Mt中电动汽车的最迟离开时刻,确定实时充电的时间段为
其中集合Ωt中的时刻k要大于或等于电力***调度时刻t,小于集合Mt中最迟离网电动汽车的离网时刻;
(4)设定一个预测时间段Tt p,使Tt p小于或等于实时充电时间段Ωt,从电力***控制中心获取将入网的各辆电动汽车预计接入电力***时间段确定将入网电动汽车集合集合Lt中的电动汽车满足如下条件:在调度时刻t和时刻t+Tp之内接入电网,从电力***控制中心获取预测集合Lt内各电动汽车的充电需求和在时刻t和时刻t+Tp之内各时刻的最大充电功率
(5)根据上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt和将入网电动汽车集合Lt,对上述实时充电的时间段Ωt进行更新,使Ωt大于或等于所有入网电动汽车和将入网电动汽车中最迟离网电动汽车的离网时刻;
(6)根据上述获取的预测数据,建立一个电动汽车实时充电模型::
其中,D0(k)为电力***中的配电网在上述实时充电时间段Ωt内的第k时刻的常规负荷功率,Δt为充电控制时间步长,为上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt中第n辆入网电动汽车的额定充电功率,为上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt中第n辆入网电动汽车在调度时刻t的净充电需求,为上述将入网电动汽车集合Lt中第n辆电动汽车在第k时刻的最大充电功率,为上述将入网电动汽车集合Lt中第n辆电动汽车的充电需求,rn(k)为变量,表示上述集合Mt和Lt中所有电动汽车中第n辆电动汽车在第k时刻的充电功率;
对上述电动汽车实时充电模型求解,得到实时充电时间段Ωt内各时刻的充电功率
(7)将上述各时刻的充电功率中当前时刻的充电功率下发给各入网充电汽车,根据充电功率对电动汽车实时充电。
Claims (1)
1.一种基于单辆电动汽车充电预测的电动汽车实时充电方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在电力***的调度时刻t,从电力***控制中心获取已入网的N辆电动汽车中第n辆电动汽车的入网时刻和离开时刻记第n辆电动汽车的额定充电功率为调度时刻t第n辆电动汽车的净充电需求为
(2)根据上述获取的数据,确定电力***中调度时刻t的参与实时充电的电动汽车集合为其中集合Mt中的电动汽车满足如下条件:在调度时刻t之前接入电网,在调度时刻t之后离开电网,且在调度时刻t的净充电需求大于0;
(3)根据上述电动汽车集合Mt中电动汽车的最迟离开时刻,确定实时充电的时间段为
其中集合Ωt中的时刻k要大于或等于电力***调度时刻t,小于集合Mt中最迟离网电动汽车的离网时刻;
(4)设定一个预测时间段Tt p,使Tt p小于或等于实时充电时间段Ωt,从电力***控制中心获取将入网的各辆电动汽车预计接入电力***时间段确定将入网电动汽车集合集合Lt中的电动汽车满足如下条件:在调度时刻t和时刻t+Tp之内接入电网,从电力***控制中心获取预测集合Lt内各电动汽车的充电需求和在时刻t和时刻t+Tp之内各时刻的最大充电功率
(5)根据上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt和将入网电动汽车集合Lt,对上述实时充电的时间段Ωt进行更新,使Ωt大于或等于所有入网电动汽车和将入网电动汽车中最迟离网电动汽车的离网时刻;
(6)根据上述获取的预测数据,建立一个电动汽车实时充电模型::
其中,D0(k)为电力***中的配电网在上述实时充电时间段Ωt内的第k时刻的常规负荷功率,Δt为充电控制时间步长,为上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt中第n辆入网电动汽车的额定充电功率,为上述参与实时充电的电动汽车集合Mt中第n辆入网电动汽车在调度时刻t的净充电需求,为上述将入网电动汽车集合Lt中第n辆电动汽车在第k时刻的最大充电功率,为上述将入网电动汽车集合Lt中第n辆电动汽车的充电需求,rn(k)为变量,表示上述集合Mt和Lt中所有电动汽车中第n辆电动汽车在第k时刻的充电功率;
对上述电动汽车实时充电模型求解,得到实时充电时间段Ωt内各时刻的充电功率
(7)将上述各时刻的充电功率中当前时刻的充电功率下发给各入网充电汽车,根据充电功率对电动汽车实时充电。
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