CN103613096A - Low-cost method for preparing graphene macroform - Google Patents
Low-cost method for preparing graphene macroform Download PDFInfo
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- CN103613096A CN103613096A CN201310650587.6A CN201310650587A CN103613096A CN 103613096 A CN103613096 A CN 103613096A CN 201310650587 A CN201310650587 A CN 201310650587A CN 103613096 A CN103613096 A CN 103613096A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost method for preparing a graphene macroform (a thin film, foams, fibers and fabric bodies thereof). A polyimide thin film, a carbon film, an organic foam material, foamy carbon, organic fibers (including a fabric body), carbon fibers (including a fabric body) and the like are taken as raw materials, magnesium powder, zinc powder, aluminum powder, silicon powder, tin powder, copper powder or a mixture are used as an additive, and the graphene macroform is directly prepared by processes of pre-oxidization, vacuum high-temperature treatment, acid-leaching, drying and the like. The method is high in product value, simple in process, environment-friendly, low in preparation cost and easy to industrially popularize, and has remarkable economic benefits and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-performance carbon element preparation field, be specifically related to a kind of method that low cost is prepared Graphene macroscopic body (film, foams, fiber and knitted body thereof).
Background technology
Graphene is that carbon atom is with SP
2the hybrid structure netted monoatomic layer of honeycomb that is formed by connecting, it is the thinnest known two dimensional crystal, is the basic building block that forms other carbon nanomaterial.Graphene can obtain one dimension carbon nanotube by curling, and Graphene twists and closed just can form the soccerballene of zero dimension.Due to the structure of Graphene uniqueness, make it there is good electricity, calorifics and chemical property.Graphene has industrial applicability widely at present, as sorbent material, drug conveying, support of the catalyst, hot transmission medium, can be made into the electronic component with fine structure.Along with updating of Graphene performance, Graphene is widely used at aspects such as storing hydrogen, fuel cell, solar cell, lithium ion battery, ultracapacitors.Common Graphene is that the graphene powder form with little lamella exists.As everyone knows, the Graphene of this little lamella, because nano effect is easily reunited, is difficult to control in practice, and this has greatly hindered the industrial applications of Graphene.
Graphene macroscopic body is a kind of macrostructure with certain form that Graphene forms by the stack of lamella or overlap joint, generally can be divided into two-dimentional macroscopic body (film, fiber) and three-dimensional macro body (foams, fibrage body).Because Graphene can be brought into play better the character of Graphene after being assembled into macroscopic body, as outstanding mechanical property, high heat conductance, electronic mobility at a high speed etc., and there is good adsorptive power, so Graphene macroscopic body shows good application potential in fields such as ultracapacitor, battery, catalysis, biomedicines.Because Graphene macroscopic body represents a macroscopic aspect by some graphene nano level phenomenons, this is by the practical application of marching toward of promotion Graphene.The preparation method of Graphene macroscopic body comprises chemical Vapor deposition process, filters construction from part, self-assembly method etc. at present.Yet these methods are prepared Graphene macroscopic body and are had the problems such as complex process, cost are high, environmental pollution, and are difficult to prepare in a large number Graphene macroscopic body.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low cost to prepare the method for Graphene macroscopic body (film, foams, fiber and knitted body thereof), value of the product is high, technique is simple, environmental protection, low, the easy industrialization promotion of preparation cost, has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method that low cost is prepared Graphene macroscopic body (film, foams, fiber and knitted body thereof) comprises selection, preoxidation, vacuum high-temperature processing, acidleach and the drying process of raw material.
(1) selection of raw material
Raw material is a kind of of Kapton, carbon membrane, organic foam material, Carbon foam, organic fibre or charcoal fiber and knitted body thereof, and wherein knitted body is two and three dimensions material, carbon membrane is a kind of in asphalt-base carbon-film, intermediate phase pitch-based carbon membrane, polyimide-based carbon membrane, organic foam material is asphalt foam, mesophase pitch foams, phenolic resin foam, furane resin foam, poly-aryl ethane foam, Polybenzoxazine resin foam, polyimide foam, cyanate ester resin foam, a kind of in bimaleimide resin foam, Carbon foam is asphalt base foam carbon, Mesophase Pitch-Derived Carbon Foam, phenolic resin based foam carbon, furane resin based foam carbon, poly-aryl ethane based foam carbon, Polybenzoxazine resin base Carbon foam, polyimide based foam carbon, cyanate ester resin based foam carbon, a kind of in bimaleimide resin base Carbon foam, organic fibre is a kind of in pitch fibers, Mesophase Pitch Fibers, phenolic resin fibre, polyacrylonitrile fibre, viscose fiber, polyimide fiber, lignin fibre, charcoal fiber is a kind of in pitch-based carbon fiber, Mesophase Pitch-based Carbon Fibers, Phenolic resin based carbobn fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, rayon-based carbon fiber, polyimide based carbon fiber, xylogen based carbon fiber,
Additive is one or several of magnesium powder, zinc powder, aluminium powder, silica flour, glass putty, copper powder;
The characteristic parameter of starting material and additive is:
Kapton thickness: 1 ~ 100 μ m
Organic foam material porosity: 50%～90%
Organic foam material percentage of open area: 60% ~ 100%
Carbon foam porosity: 60% ~ 95%
Carbon foam percentage of open area: 70% ~ 100%
Organic fibre diameter: 1 ~ 100 μ m
Charcoal Fibre diameter: 0.1 ~ 50 μ m
Additive purity: be greater than 99%
Additive granularity: 10 ~ 1000 orders
Additive and raw-material mass ratio: 1:100 ~ 100:100;
(2) preoxidation
Organic foam material, organic fibre or its knitted body are placed in to loft drier and carry out pre-oxidation treatment; Kapton, carbon membrane, Carbon foam, charcoal fiber or its knitted body do not need through pre-oxidation treatment, directly enter step (3);
Pre-oxidation treatment processing parameter is:
Temperature: 200 ℃ ~ 400 ℃
Oxidization time: 0.1h ~ 10h;
(3) vacuum high-temperature is processed
By additive spreading, in crucible bottom, the starting material after putting into step (2) above and processing, then move into after being warming up to preset temperature in vacuum oven and are incubated, and are cooled to room temperature and take out;
Vacuum high-temperature treatment process parameter is:
Temperature rise rate: 1 ℃/min ~ 100 ℃/min
Temperature: 1000 ℃ ~ 3000 ℃
Soaking time: 0.1 h ~ 10 h
Vacuum tightness: 1.0 * 10
-3pa ~ 1.0 * 10
5pa;
(4) acidleach
Step (3) products therefrom is placed in to acid solution and floods, then with deionized water, fully wash to detecting without acid ion;
Acid leaching process parameter is:
Acid solution: a kind of in hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid
PH value: 1 ~ 7
Dipping time: 1h ~ 10h;
(5) dry
Step (4) products therefrom is put into vacuum drying oven and carry out drying treatment;
Drying Technology Parameter is:
Time of drying: 1h ~ 10h
Drying temperature: 60 ~ 200 ℃
Vacuum tightness: 1.0 * 10
1pa ~ 1.0 * 10
5pa.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantage and effect are:
(1) preparation cost is low, and value of the product is high.
(2) processing unit is simple, environmental protection.
(3) be easy to scale operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The scanning electron microscope picture that Fig. 1 is the graphene film that adopts embodiment 1 technique and prepare.
The scanning electron microscope picture that Fig. 2 is the graphene film that adopts embodiment 2 techniques and prepare.
The scanning electron microscope picture that Fig. 3 is the grapheme foam that adopts embodiment 3 techniques and prepare.
The scanning electron microscope picture that Fig. 4 is the grapheme foam that adopts embodiment 4 techniques and prepare.
The scanning electron microscope picture that Fig. 5 is the grapheme foam that adopts embodiment 5 techniques and prepare.
The scanning electron microscope picture that Fig. 6 is the graphene fiber that adopts embodiment 6 techniques and prepare.
The scanning electron microscope picture that Fig. 7 is the Graphene knitted body that adopts embodiment 7 techniques and prepare.
Embodiment
Be below several specific embodiment of the present invention, further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention be not limited only to this.
embodiment 1
By 100 object aluminium powder spreadings in crucible bottom, (aluminium powder and Kapton mass ratio are 1:100 to put into Kapton above, film thickness 25 μ m), then crucible being moved in vacuum oven to temperature rise rate with 20 ℃/min heats up after 2200 ℃ and keeps 5h(vacuum tightness 1.0 * 10
-3pa), being cooled to room temperature takes out.Vacuum high-temperature is processed to product, and to be placed in pH value be that 6 formic acid soaks 1h, with deionized water, fully washs to detecting without formate ion, is then placed on 80 ℃ of oven drying 1h(vacuum tightness 10 Pa), obtain graphene film.Prepared graphene film has following performance: specific conductivity 15000S/cm, horizontal direction thermal conductivity 1500W/mK, vertical direction thermal conductivity 30W/mK.
embodiment 2
By 500 object magnesium powder spreadings in crucible bottom, (aluminium powder and carbon membrane mass ratio are 10:100 to put into asphalt-base carbon-film above, film thickness 50 μ m), then crucible being moved in vacuum oven to temperature rise rate with 50 ℃/min heats up after 2500 ℃ and keeps 1h(vacuum tightness 1.0 * 10
-1pa), being cooled to room temperature takes out.Vacuum high-temperature is processed to product, and to be placed in pH value be that 4 acetic acid soaks 5h, with deionized water, fully washs to detecting without acetate ion, is then placed on 60 ℃ of oven drying 10h(vacuum tightness 133Pa), obtain graphene film.Prepared graphene film has following performance: specific conductivity 13000S/cm, horizontal direction thermal conductivity 1200W/mK, vertical direction thermal conductivity 25W/mK.
embodiment 3
Asphalt foam (porosity 50%, percentage of open area 60%) is placed in to 200 ℃ of loft drier and carries out pre-oxidation treatment 10h, then put into the crucible of spreading glass putty (glass putty and asphalt foam mass ratio 50:100, glass putty granularity is 10 orders) in advance.Crucible is moved in vacuum oven to temperature rise rate with 100 ℃/min to heat up after 1500 ℃ and keeps 5h(vacuum tightness 1.0 * 10
2pa), being cooled to room temperature takes out.Vacuum high-temperature is processed to product, and to be placed in pH value be that 2 hydrochloric acid soaks 1h, with deionized water, fully washs to without Cl
-detect, be then placed on 200 ℃ of oven drying 2h(vacuum tightnesss 1.0 * 10
5pa), obtain grapheme foam.Prepared grapheme foam has following performance: density 0.08g/cm
3, compressive strength 0.5MPa, thermal conductivity 200W/mK.
embodiment 4
It is the crucible (magnesium powder and Carbon foam mass ratio 100:100) of 100 order magnesium powder that phenolic resin based foam carbon (porosity 85%, percentage of open area 92%) is put into spreading granularity in advance, then crucible is moved in vacuum oven to temperature rise rate with 30 ℃/min and heats up after 1900 ℃ and keep 3h(vacuum tightness 1.0 * 10
4pa), being cooled to room temperature takes out.Vacuum high-temperature is processed to product, and to be placed in pH value be that 3 oxalic acid soaks 2h, with deionized water, fully washs to detecting without oxalic acid radical ion, is then placed on 100 ℃ of oven drying 4h(vacuum tightnesss 1.0 * 10
3pa), obtain grapheme foam.Prepared grapheme foam has following performance: density 0.05g/cm
3, compressive strength 0.2MPa, thermal conductivity 300W/mK.
embodiment 5
The polyacrylonitrile fibre that is 30 μ m by diameter is placed in 400 ℃ of loft drier and carries out pre-oxidation treatment 0.1h, then puts into the crucible of spreading zinc powder (zinc powder and asphalt foam mass ratio 1:100, zinc powder particle size is 1000 orders) in advance.Crucible is moved in vacuum oven after temperature rise rate with 10 ℃/min is warming up to 1700 ℃ and keeps 2h(vacuum tightness 1.0 * 10
3pa), being cooled to room temperature takes out.Vacuum high-temperature is processed to product, and to be placed in pH value be that 6 formic acid soaks 5h, with deionized water, fully washs to detecting without formate ion, is then placed on 160 ℃ of oven drying 2h(vacuum tightnesss 1.0 * 10
2pa), obtain graphene fiber.Prepared graphene fiber has following performance: density 0.5g/cm
3, tensile strength 200MPa, thermal conductivity 1200W/mK.
The PAN-based carbon fiber that is 10 μ m by diameter is put into the crucible of spreading copper powder (copper powder is with copper mass than 10:100, and copper powder granularity is 300 orders) in advance.Crucible is moved in vacuum oven after temperature rise rate with 20 ℃/min is warming up to 3000 ℃ and keeps 0.1h(vacuum tightness 1.0 * 10
-2pa), being cooled to room temperature takes out.Vacuum high-temperature is processed to product, and to be placed in pH value be that 1 hydrochloric acid soaks 1h, with deionized water, fully washs to without Cl
-detect, be then placed on 80 ℃ of oven drying 10h(vacuum tightnesss 1.0 * 10
3pa), obtain graphene fiber.Prepared graphene fiber has following performance: density 0.8g/cm
3, tensile strength 300MPa, thermal conductivity 1500W/mK.
embodiment 7
Pitch-based carbon fiber cloth is put into the crucible of spreading silica flour (silica flour and carbon fiber sheet mass ratio 10:100, silicon particle size is 200 orders) in advance.Crucible is moved in vacuum oven after temperature rise rate with 100 ℃/min is warming up to 1600 ℃ and keeps 1h(vacuum tightness 1Pa), be cooled to room temperature and take out.Vacuum high-temperature is processed to product, and to be placed in pH value be that 2 hydrochloric acid soaks 3h, with deionized water, fully washs to without Cl
-detect, be then placed on 110 ℃ of oven drying 6h(vacuum tightnesss 1.0 * 10
3pa), obtain graphene fiber.Prepared graphene fiber has following performance: density 0.4g/cm
3, tensile strength 120MPa, thermal conductivity 900W/mK.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. low cost is prepared a method for Graphene macroscopic body, it is characterized in that: described macroscopic body comprises film, foams and fiber and knitted body thereof, and preparation method comprises selection, preoxidation, vacuum high-temperature processing, acidleach and the drying process of raw material.
2. low cost according to claim 1 is prepared the method for Graphene macroscopic body, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of raw material
Raw material is a kind of of Kapton, carbon membrane, organic foam material, Carbon foam, organic fibre or charcoal fiber and knitted body thereof, and wherein knitted body is two and three dimensions material, carbon membrane is a kind of in asphalt-base carbon-film, intermediate phase pitch-based carbon membrane, polyimide-based carbon membrane, organic foam material is asphalt foam, mesophase pitch foams, phenolic resin foam, furane resin foam, poly-aryl ethane foam, Polybenzoxazine resin foam, polyimide foam, cyanate ester resin foam, a kind of in bimaleimide resin foam, Carbon foam is asphalt base foam carbon, Mesophase Pitch-Derived Carbon Foam, phenolic resin based foam carbon, furane resin based foam carbon, poly-aryl ethane based foam carbon, Polybenzoxazine resin base Carbon foam, polyimide based foam carbon, cyanate ester resin based foam carbon, a kind of in bimaleimide resin base Carbon foam, organic fibre is a kind of in pitch fibers, Mesophase Pitch Fibers, phenolic resin fibre, polyacrylonitrile fibre, viscose fiber, polyimide fiber, lignin fibre, charcoal fiber is a kind of in pitch-based carbon fiber, Mesophase Pitch-based Carbon Fibers, Phenolic resin based carbobn fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, rayon-based carbon fiber, polyimide based carbon fiber, xylogen based carbon fiber,
Additive is one or several of magnesium powder, zinc powder, aluminium powder, silica flour, glass putty, copper powder;
The characteristic parameter of starting material and additive is:
Kapton thickness: 1 ~ 100 μ m
Organic foam material porosity: 50%～90%
Organic foam material percentage of open area: 60% ~ 100%
Carbon foam porosity: 60% ~ 95%
Carbon foam percentage of open area: 70% ~ 100%
Organic fibre diameter: 1 ~ 100 μ m
Charcoal Fibre diameter: 0.1 ~ 50 μ m
Additive purity: be greater than 99%
Additive granularity: 10 ~ 1000 orders
Additive and raw-material mass ratio: 1:100 ~ 100:100;
(2) preoxidation
Organic foam material, organic fibre or its knitted body are placed in to loft drier and carry out pre-oxidation treatment; Kapton, carbon membrane, Carbon foam, charcoal fiber or its knitted body do not need through pre-oxidation treatment, directly enter step (3);
Pre-oxidation treatment processing parameter is:
Temperature: 200 ℃ ~ 400 ℃
Oxidization time: 0.1h ~ 10h;
(3) vacuum high-temperature is processed
By additive spreading, in crucible bottom, the starting material after putting into step (2) above and processing, then move into after being warming up to preset temperature in vacuum oven and are incubated, and are cooled to room temperature and take out;
Vacuum high-temperature treatment process parameter is:
Temperature rise rate: 1 ℃/min ~ 100 ℃/min
Temperature: 1000 ℃ ~ 3000 ℃
Soaking time: 0.1 h ~ 10 h
Vacuum tightness: 1.0 * 10
-3pa ~ 1.0 * 10
5pa;
(4) acidleach
Step (3) products therefrom is placed in to acid solution and floods, then with deionized water, fully wash to detecting without acid ion;
Acid leaching process parameter is:
Acid solution: a kind of in hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid
PH value: 1 ~ 7
Dipping time: 1h ~ 10h;
(5) dry
Step (4) products therefrom is put into vacuum drying oven and carry out drying treatment;
Drying Technology Parameter is:
Time of drying: 1h ~ 10h
Drying temperature: 60 ~ 200 ℃
Vacuum tightness: 1.0 * 10
1pa ~ 1.0 * 10
5pa.
3. the low cost that the method for claim 1 makes is prepared Graphene macroscopic body.
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| CN104151515A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-19 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Graphene modified furan resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN105271177A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-01-27 | 福州大学 | Preparation method of graphene multilayer foam carbon material |
| CN105609323A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-05-25 | 北京理工大学 | Porous nanocarbon slice |
| US20170305746A1 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. | Method for making graphene |
| CN109319764A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lignin conbustion synthesis graphene preparation method and its application |
| CN110482531A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-22 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of preparation method and product of polybenzoxazine resin base graphene |
| CN111100291A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-05-05 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation method of polybenzoxazine-reinforced three-dimensional graphene foam |
| CN111825078A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 南京大学 | Method for preparing three-dimensional graphene foam material |
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| CN103864065A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-06-18 | 贵州新碳高科有限责任公司 | Method for improving thermal conductivity of graphene thin film |
| CN104151515A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-19 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Graphene modified furan resin and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111100291A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-05-05 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation method of polybenzoxazine-reinforced three-dimensional graphene foam |
| CN111100291B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation method of polybenzoxazine-reinforced three-dimensional graphene foam |
| CN111825078A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 南京大学 | Method for preparing three-dimensional graphene foam material |
| CN111825078B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2021-12-10 | 南京大学 | Method for preparing three-dimensional graphene foam material |
| CN110482531A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-22 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of preparation method and product of polybenzoxazine resin base graphene |
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