CN103609415A - Matrix for cultivating liana and method for using matrix for cutting propagation - Google Patents
Matrix for cultivating liana and method for using matrix for cutting propagation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a matrix for cultivating liana, and belongs to the technical field of vegetative propagation. The matrix is composed of turfy soil, vermiculite, perlite and fine sand in a mixing mode, the survival rate of the liana is greatly improved, and the growth cycle is shortened. The invention further discloses a method for using the matrix for cutting propagation of the liana, and belongs to the technical field of vegetative propagation. The method comprises the steps that first, the matrix is prepared; then the matrix is placed in a hole tray, and the hole tray is disinfected in the process; afterwards, cutting slips are selected and inserted into the hole tray in a cuttage mode, and before cuttage, a rooting agent is used for processing the cutting slips; at last, the hole tray is coated by a film, and before film coating, the cutting slips are watered and pesticides are sprayed on the cutting slips. Cutting propagation is conducted on the liana through the method, the probability of diseases of the liana is lowered, the survival rate of the liana is greatly improved, and the growth cycle is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetative propagation technique field, particularly a kind of matrix of cultivating climbing plant, also relates to a kind of method that climbing plant is used matrix cottage propagation.
Background technology
Climbing plant, refer to that stem is elongated, can not be upright, the one class plant that can only be attached to other objects (as tree, wall etc.) or crawl to grow on ground, climbing plant is vegetable material conventional in landscape architecture always, nowadays the area that can be used for afforestation is more and more little, making full use of Climbing Plant, to carry out vertical greening be the important channel of expanding green space, increasing the green amount in city, improve integrated greening level, improve the ecological environment, therefore, market demand is very large, is badly in need of developing a kind of propagation method that guarantees survival rate and reduce growth cycle.
The great Hua network of take is to be example; its in can be in 1 year any season cottage propagation; the highest 75% left and right that generally reaches of survival rate in spring and autumn; cuttage in summer is perishable for the too tender branch of some growth; but the branch that reaches semi-lignified all can be taken root and survive; in addition; the all right propagation by layering of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide; general old branch press strip carried out in early spring, and spray press strip, in summer, buries native about 3cm; joint all can be taken root into a new plant with internode; but the proliferative speed of propagation by layering is owed soon, and the amount of labour used is large, and large-scale production majority is difficult to application.The cultivation of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide is according to its growth and the dual consideration of ornamental value, seedling can be produced, the cultivation of plant cultivating and finished nursery suitably makes a distinction, partly sprouting, a large amount of plant cultivatings in numerous and early stage that expand under the loose fertile optimum environmental conditions such as cultivation matrix, when reaching the long and branch of 20cm, plant cultivates under moving into compared with intense light irradiation condition when more, to reach gorgeous leaf look.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of matrix that improves climbing plant survival rate, reduces growth cycle, also relate to a kind of cuttage breeding method that improves climbing plant survival rate, reduces growth cycle, to solve the above-mentioned multinomial defect causing in prior art.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme: a kind of matrix of cultivating climbing plant, described matrix by turfy soil with
vermiculite, perlite and fine sand mix.
Preferably, in described matrix, the percentage by weight of composition is as follows: turfy soil (30-65) W%,
vermiculite(20-40) W%, perlite (10-30) W%, fine sand (5-10) W%.
Climbing plant is used a method for matrix cottage propagation, comprises the steps:
1) prepare matrix, this matrix select turfy soil,
vermiculite, perlite and fine sand mix;
2) matrix is packed into cave dish, disinfection during the course;
3) choose cuttings, after using root-growing agent to process cuttings, cuttings cuttage is entered to cave dish;
4) to the cuttings laxative that waters, and overlay film is processed.
Preferably, in described step 1), in matrix, the percentage by weight of composition is as follows: turfy soil (30-65) W%,
vermiculite(20-40) W%, perlite (10-30) W%, fine sand (5-10) W%.
Preferably, in described step 1), the matrix preparing will carry out disinfection with antiseptic solution, by sprayer, matrix is sprayed, this thimerosal is a kind of in liquor potassic permanganate, bordeaux mixture or mancozeb liquid, and preferred thimerosal is 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
Preferably, described step 2) in, put and frontly first earth's surface is rinsed well, then with thimerosal, carry out disinfection, after cave dish is well placed, with thimerosal, cave dish is carried out disinfection, by sprayer, be sprayed directly on cave dish upper, sterilize after 6-10 hour, then pack matrix into cave dish, this thimerosal is a kind of in liquor potassic permanganate, bordeaux mixture or mancozeb liquid, and preferred thimerosal is 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
Preferably, in described step 3), the cuttings height of choosing is 3-5 centimetre, retains at least leaf in cuttings, and cuttings is carried out to cuttage, injects in matrix 2 centimeters.
Preferably, wherein, in described step 3), any one in the indolebutyric acid that root-growing agent is 1000ppm-2000ppm, methyl α-naphthyl acetate and ABT powder, the cuttings of choosing is put into root-growing agent and is soaked 20-30s.
Preferably, in described step 4), the cuttings that cuttage is good is watered, and then use by bactericidal liquid it is carried out to sterilization, bactericidal liquid is any one in the thiophanate methyl liquid of 40%-50% carbendazol and 50%-70%, or both mix.
Preferably, in described step 4), with PEF plastic film, cave dish is carried out to overlay film, guarantee that the water content in the dish of cave reaches 50%-70%.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above technical scheme to be: in the matrix that the present invention mentions, the percentage by weight of composition is as follows: turfy soil (30-65) W%,
vermiculite(20-40) W%, perlite (10-30) W%, fine sand (5-10) W%, contains abundant organic matter in turfy soil; Vermiculite can be used as soil conditioner, because it has good cation exchange and adsorptivity, can improve the structure of soil; Perlite hole can be preserved a large amount of moisture, and nutrient component is supplied with the growth needs of crop for a long time; Fine sand can chesson, is beneficial to plant growth, has greatly improved the survival rate of plant growth, has reduced growth cycle.
A kind of climbing plant that the present invention mentions is used the method for matrix cottage propagation, matrix by turfy soil with
vermiculite, perlite and fine sand mix, and greatly improved the survival rate of cuttings growth, reduced growth cycle; Adopt to be 0.1% potassium permanganate disinfection solution sterilize to cave dish and matrix time, can effectively prevent the generation of the plant diseases such as damping off, stem wilt, damping off and root rot; The long 3-5 centimetre of cuttings of selecting also leaves at least leaf, belongs to the short fringe in cuttage, and short fringe is because burying more shallow in lower end, aeration condition is good, is conducive to root of hair and survives, and short fringe all will leave 1-2 leaf, blade stored nutrient material, and carry out photosynthesis, very large to root of hair survival of random; Use root-growing agent to process cuttings, adopt quickly dipped method by cuttings be dipped in root-growing agent 20-30 after second again cuttage can promote cuttage rooting, shorten rootage duration, improve the rooting rate of cuttings; By bactericidal liquid, it is carried out to sterilization again, there is interior suction, preventive and therapeutic action, can effectively prevent and treat various crop
disease; Use PEF plastic film to carry out overlay film to the complete cave dish of cuttage, guarantee the temperature and humidity of cuttings in process of growth.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of embodiment of cultivating the matrix of climbing plant: this matrix by turfy soil with
vermiculite, perlite and fine sand mix, in this matrix, the percentage by weight of composition is as follows: turfy soil (30-65) W%,
vermiculite(20-40) W%, perlite (10-30) W%, fine sand (5-10) W%, preferred proportioning is turfy soil 50%,
vermiculite30%, perlite 15%, fine sand 5%.
Turfy soil
peat, be the product in formation process of bog, by the residual body of limnocryptophyte, under the anaerobic condition of many water, can not decompose accumulation completely and form.Contain large quantity of moisture and the plant residue thoroughly not decomposed, humus and a part of mineral matter, turfy soil
organiccontent is more than 30%, and quality is soft to be easy to fragmentaryly, and proportion 0.7-1.05, has flammable and air-breathing property, and pH value is generally 5.5～6.5, is subacidity and reacts, and is layered distribution.
The turfy soil that we select is the turfy soil that is specifically designed to vegetative propagation technique, with
peatfor primary raw material, adopt deep layer to excavate, classification is processed, content of organic matter 70%-80% wherein, humus 40%-50%,
pH valuefor 5.0-5.5 becomes slant acidity, it contains a large amount of organic matters, and loose, air-and water-permeable performance is good, and preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, and quality is light, disease-free spore and worm's ovum.
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, nontoxic
mineralmatter, general with
asbestosproduce, because it has simultaneously
ion exchangeability, therefore the nutrition of soil is had to great effect.Vermiculite can be used as soil conditioner, because it has good cation exchange and adsorptivity, can improve the structure of soil, water storage soil moisture conservation, raising soil
gas permeabilityand the property of water-bearing, make acid ground become neutral soil; Vermiculite also can play cushioning effect, hinders the rapid variation of pH value, and fertilizer is slowly discharged in plant growth medium, and permission is slightly excessively used fertilizer and plant is safe from harm; Vermiculite also can provide to crop the elements such as Mn, Cu, Zn of the K, the Mg that self contain, Ca, Fe and trace, the water imbibition of vermiculite, cation exchange and properties of chemical composition, make it play the multiple actions such as fertilizer conservation, water conservation, water storage, ventilative and mineral fertilizer.Test shows: by 0.5-1%'s
expanded vermiculitemix in composite fertilizer, can make crop yield improve 15-20%.
Especially aspect vegetative propagation technique, vermiculite is except doing potting soil and conditioning agent, and also for soilless culture, the nutrient matrix of planting trees as planting pot, for the transplanting of plant with transport advantageous particularly.Vermiculite can promote the growth of root system of plant and the stable growth of seedling effectively, and the necessary moisture of plant growth and nutrition are provided for a long time, and can keep the stable of root sunlight temperature.Vermiculite can make crop just can obtain sufficient moisture and mineral matter from early growth period, promotes plant faster growing, increases output.
perlitein have and be specifically designed to gardening
perlite, its diameter is 3-5 millimeter, is
perlite orethrough preheating, the white granular rock that a kind of inside of making after TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE calcining expansion is alveolate texture, utilize perlitic porosity characteristic, the root system that is beneficial to crops is deep into the inner nutrient of drawing of pearlite interstitial substance, perlite hole can be preserved a large amount of moisture, nutrient component, supply with for a long time the growth needs of crop, 10 liters of expanded perlites 7.7-9.3 premium on currency of can attracting deposits, effectively moisture-holding capacity is 36-63%, can prevent that moisture from sharply evaporating, scatter and disappear, prevent crops lodging, control fertilizer efficiency and fertile degree and played due effect, utilize perlitic porous adsorptivity, also can be used as thinner and the carrier of insecticide and weed killer herbicide.
Fine sand can chesson, the fine sand that can take the circumstances into consideration to mix a little in the situation that soil property viscosity obviously lays particular stress on is alleviated, and can make at ordinary times soils with normal plants not need to mix fine sand, but after having mixed fine sand, organic ratio is obviously on the low side, is unfavorable for the growth of plant.
Through test of many times, test data sees the following form, and subjects is great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide, the winged euonymus of reaching the clouds and creep, and compares the nutrient matrix in using embodiment with conventional substrate (perlite 50%, vermiculite 50%): turfy soil (30-65) W%,
vermiculite(20-40) W%, perlite (10-30) W%, during fine sand (5-10) W%, take great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide as example, and survival rate has improved 11.5%-24.4%, and growth cycle has shortened 5.5%-27.8, %, when nutrient matrix contains 50% turfy soil, 30%
vermiculite, 15% perlite, during 5% fine sand, the survival rate of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide, the winged euonymus of reaching the clouds and creep is all the highest, and growth cycle is all the shortest, is most preferred embodiment.
The present invention also provides the cuttage breeding method of a kind of climbing plant.
Embodiment 1: a kind of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide is used matrix to carry out the method for cottage propagation, comprises the steps:
1) prepare matrix, this matrix select turfy soil,
vermiculite, perlite and fine sand mix;
2) matrix is packed into cave dish, during the course cave dish is carried out disinfection;
3) choose cuttings and cuttings cuttage is entered to cave dish, before cuttage, using root-growing agent to process cuttings;
4) cave dish is carried out to overlay film processing, before overlay film, to the cuttings laxative that waters.
In embodiment 1, nutrient matrix contains 50% turfy soil, 30%
vermiculite, 15% perlite, 5% fine sand; The matrix preparing will carry out disinfection with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, by sprayer, matrix is sprayed, and cave dish is put and frontly first earth's surface rinsed well, then with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, carries out disinfection; After cave dish is well placed, the liquor potassic permanganate with 0.1% carries out disinfection to cave dish, is sprayed directly on cave dish upper by sprayer, sterilizes after 6-10 hour, then packs matrix into cave dish; The long 3-5 centimetre of cuttings of cutting also leaves at least leaf, and cuttings is carried out to cuttage, injects in matrix 2 centimeters; The ABT2 rooting powder solution that the root-growing agent adopting is 2000ppm, the cuttings of cutting is put into root-growing agent and is soaked 20-30s; The cuttings that cuttage is good is watered, and then use the bactericidal liquid being mixed by 50% carbendazol of 800ppm and the 50% thiophanate methyl liquid of 800ppm to carry out sterilization to it; Use PEF plastic film to carry out overlay film to cave dish, the later stage will be observed the variation of steam in film, if do not have steam will carry out moisturizing.
Embodiment 2: a kind of reaching the clouds used matrix to carry out the method for cottage propagation, comprises the steps:
1) prepare matrix, this matrix select turfy soil,
vermiculite, perlite and fine sand mix;
2) matrix is packed into cave dish, during the course cave dish is carried out disinfection;
3) choose cuttings and cuttings cuttage is entered to cave dish, before cuttage, using root-growing agent to process cuttings;
4) cave dish is carried out to overlay film processing, before overlay film, to the cuttings laxative that waters.
In embodiment 2, nutrient matrix contains 50% turfy soil, 30%
vermiculite, 15% perlite, 5% fine sand; The matrix preparing will carry out disinfection with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, by sprayer, matrix is sprayed, and cave dish is put and frontly first earth's surface rinsed well, then with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, carries out disinfection; After cave dish is well placed, the liquor potassic permanganate with 0.1% carries out disinfection to cave dish, is sprayed directly on cave dish upper by sprayer, sterilizes after 6-10 hour, then packs matrix into cave dish; The long 3-5 centimetre of cuttings of cutting also leaves at least leaf, and cuttings is carried out to cuttage, injects in matrix 2 centimeters; The ABT2 rooting powder solution that the root-growing agent adopting is 2000ppm, the cuttings of cutting is put into root-growing agent and is soaked 20-30s; The cuttings that cuttage is good is watered, and then use the bactericidal liquid being mixed by 50% carbendazol of 800ppm and the 50% thiophanate methyl liquid of 800ppm to carry out sterilization to it; Use PEF plastic film to carry out overlay film to cave dish, the later stage will be observed the variation of steam in film, if do not have steam will carry out moisturizing.
Embodiment 3: a kind of winged euonymus of creeping uses matrix to carry out the method for cottage propagation, comprises the steps:
1) prepare matrix, this matrix select turfy soil,
vermiculite, perlite and fine sand mix;
2) matrix is packed into cave dish, during the course cave dish is carried out disinfection;
3) choose cuttings and cuttings cuttage is entered to cave dish, before cuttage, using root-growing agent to process cuttings;
4) cave dish is carried out to overlay film processing, before overlay film, to the cuttings laxative that waters.
In embodiment 3, nutrient matrix contains 50% turfy soil, 30%
vermiculite, 15% perlite, 5% fine sand; The matrix preparing will carry out disinfection with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, by sprayer, matrix is sprayed, and cave dish is put and frontly first earth's surface rinsed well, then with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, carries out disinfection; After cave dish is well placed, the liquor potassic permanganate with 0.1% carries out disinfection to cave dish, is sprayed directly on cave dish upper by sprayer, sterilizes after 6-10 hour, then packs matrix into cave dish; The long 3-5 centimetre of cuttings of cutting also leaves at least leaf, and cuttings is carried out to cuttage, injects in matrix 2 centimeters; The ABT2 rooting powder solution that the root-growing agent adopting is 2000ppm, the cuttings of cutting is put into root-growing agent and is soaked 20-30s; The cuttings that cuttage is good is watered, and then use the bactericidal liquid being mixed by 50% carbendazol of 800ppm and the 50% thiophanate methyl liquid of 800ppm to carry out sterilization to it; Use PEF plastic film to carry out overlay film to cave dish, the later stage will be observed the variation of steam in film, if do not have steam will carry out moisturizing.
Comparative example: the cuttage breeding method that a kind of climbing plant is conventional, comprises the steps:
1) selection of cuttings and processing: choosing then raw semi-lignified, fringe bar sturdy perfectly straight, leaf bud is full, blade is done cuttings without the branch of damage by disease and insect, the long 6-8cm of cuttings, uses the quickly dipped cutting of indolebutyric acid of 1000mg/L or soaks cuttings base portion 2 hours with the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 150mg/L.
2) prepare matrix: perlite, vermiculite are mixed by 1:1, be stirred to evenly, after stirring, by the matrix airing 3-5 days after mixing.
3) somatotropin is cultivated: cuttings is immersed in to 1h in the ABT1 rooting powder solution of 200ppm.
4) sterilization processing: first spray the matrix in flowerpot with carbendazim solution, until there are flowing out at the bottom of basin.
5) cuttage: cuttings is inserted in matrix and compacting gently, spray a small amount of carbendazim solution after cuttage to cuttings, carry out plastic mulching.
The data of contrast are as following table
As seen from the above table, use the cuttage breeding method of a kind of climbing plant disclosed by the invention, for most of climbing plant can, can improve survival rate, reduce growth cycle.
The method that the 1 one kinds of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoides of embodiment of take are below used matrix to carry out cottage propagation is example, is specifically described.
When nutrient matrix contains 50% turfy soil, 30%
vermiculite, 15% perlite, during 5% fine sand, the survival rate of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide is the highest, and growth cycle is the shortest, and survival rate reaches 96%, and growth cycle is 52 days.
In the selection of cave dish, cave dish is less, and cave dish seedling is just more responsive to the variation of the humidity in soil, nutrient, oxygen, pH value, EC value.And hole, cave is darker, the air in matrix is just more, is just conducive to breathe freely, drip washing salinity and ventilative, is conducive to the growth of root system.Matrix at least will have the degree of depth of 5mm just to have Action of Gravity Field, makes under moisture in matrix oozes, and it is darker that air enters hole, cave, and oxygen content is just more.Soil hole form is advisable with cubic inverted trapezoidal, is conducive to like this guide root system to stretch downwards, rather than resembling in the hole, cave of circle or lateral vertical, root system is wound around at inwall.The draining that darker hole, cave is matrix provides more favourable condition with breathing freely.
When to cave dish and matrix sterilization, what adopt is 0.1% potassium permanganate disinfection solution, can effectively prevent the generation of the plant diseases such as damping off, stem wilt, damping off and root rot, the concentration height of potassium permanganate disinfection solution, can damage intramatrical organic matter, the serious plant of also can causing is burnt the symptoms such as root, and the concentration of potassium permanganate disinfection solution is low, and the DeGrain of sterilization can cause growing of germ to cause plant infection germ.Through test of many times, in embodiment 1, use 0.1% potassium permanganate disinfection solution to carry out disinfection and cave dish is carried out to the sterilization of 6-10 hour, be optimum embodiment, the incidence of disease of plant can be reduced to 5%.
Using potassium permanganate to it should be noted that because potassium permanganate is a kind of strong oxidizer, easily there is reduction reaction with organic matter, lose fungicidal effectiveness, therefore, avoid in use with stagnant water, sewage or hot water, and accomplish to be used while allocating, also to prevent from mixing use with strong basicity agricultural chemicals.
In the selection and processing of cuttings, generally choose annual germinating branch, now the degree of lignification of fringe bar is low, be beneficial to the formation of callus, and then form young root, during cuttage, section need to be cut into inclined-plane, because can increase like this area of draws water, to be with several leaves in addition, because plant will carry out
photosynthesismanufacture
organic matter, fringe bar while choosing, should also be noted that select fringe bar sturdy perfectly straight, leaf bud is full, blade is done cuttings without the branch of damage by disease and insect.
The long 3-5 centimetre of cuttings of selecting in embodiment 1 also leaves at least leaf, belong to the short fringe in cuttage, short fringe is because burying more shallow in lower end, aeration condition is good, be conducive to root of hair and survive, short fringe all will leave 1-2 leaf, blade stored nutrient material, and carry out photosynthesis, very large to root of hair survival of random.
Select spring the annotinous branch of having spent natural dormancy period as cuttings, its branch nutriment is abundant, and cuttings is germinateed very fast, take root slow, improve the cuttage survival rate of branch, before cuttage, can urge root to process to cuttings, make rudiment after the first root of hair of cuttings, or the rudiment of taking root is synchronously carried out.
Select autumn the dormant branch of lignification then as cuttings, its branch development enriches, sprout is full, carbohydrate content is higher, inhibiting substances does not also produce completely, the optimum phase is to finish to carry out cuttage by the previous moon in the growth of not yet falling leaves, cuttings easily forms callus and not enough root, is beneficial to safe overwintering.
ABT root-inducing powder is a kind of wide spectrum, efficient, compound
plant growth regulator, be applied to cuttage and seedling culture, can hestening rooting, shorten rootage duration, improve rooting rate, the seeds cottage propagation success that difficulty is taken root, its effect is better than indolebutyric acid and naa; By seed soaking, sprinkling seed or plant, processing block root or stem tuber etc., make various crop seed seedling that a series of physiological change occur, and improves budding gesture, germination rate, accelerates to nourish and grow, well established and vigorously developing, makes crop ontogeny healthy and strong.
What in embodiment 1, select is the cuttings processing that ABT2 rooting powder solution is mainly applicable to plant cuttage breeding, particularly difficult plant cuttage of taking root is grown seedlings, to root induction, promote well developed root system, improve cuttage survival rate, when cuttings is processed, adopt quickly dipped method that cuttings is dipped in to cuttage again after 30 seconds in 2000ppmABT2 rooting powder solution.Through repetition test, (only the concentration of ABT2 rooting powder solution and cuttings soak time are made and changed, other steps are with embodiment 1), test data sees the following form, and adopts this embodiment 1 to process the survival rate of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide of cuttings the highest, growth cycle is the shortest, is most preferred embodiment.
Carbendazim is a kind of broad spectrum activity
bactericide, to various crop by
fungi(as imperfect fungus, many
sac fungi) cause
diseasethere is control efficiency, can be used for
blade facespraying, seed treatment and soil treatment etc., carbendazol generally adopts 40%-50% carbendazim proportioning solution.
Thiophanate methyl is also a kind of broad-spectrum germicide, has interior suction, preventive and therapeutic action, can effectively prevent and treat various crop
disease, can be used for soil treatment, thiophanate methyl liquid generally adopts 50%-70% thiophanate methyl proportioning solution.
In embodiment 1, the bactericidal liquid being mixed by the 800ppm liquid of 50% carbendazim and the 800ppm liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl is carried out sterilization to it, through repetition test, (only the concentration of 50% carbendazol and the concentration of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid in mixing bactericidal liquid are made and changed, other steps are with embodiment 1), test data sees the following form, adopt this embodiment 1 to process the survival rate of great Hua trachelospermum jasminoide of cuttings the highest, growth cycle is the shortest, is most preferred embodiment.
After cuttings cuttage, carry out final-period management from humidity, temperature and three aspects of illumination.
Humidity aspect, cuttings dehydration, just can be wilting withered.Before a large amount of root of hairs of cuttage fringe, keeping the water suction of cuttage fringe and dehydration balance is that cuttage is successfully crucial, and the excessive dehydration of cuttage fringe is the main cause of cuttage failure.If antecedent soil moisture, cuttings is withered dead soon, if but scholar's earth excess moisture also can cause air deficiency, and expiratory dyspnea, causes cuttings leaf to come off and dead, and it is suitable that soil water-containing reaches 60%-70% most; The large Leaf water absorption of relative air humidity is easy, reduces the rising dehydration in blade face, reduces evaporation from land surface, keeps soil moisture, promotes root of hair, therefore relative moisture is the bigger the better.
Temperature aspect, cuttings root of hair needs certain temperature, and temperature is very large to cuttage rooting, survival of random, and the height of temperature has very large relation to the activity of the respiration of cuttings, transpiration, enzyme and meristematic cell splitting ability etc.Cuttings root of hair is accelerated along with the rising of temperature within the specific limits, and the optimum temperature of cuttings root of hair is 30 ℃ of 20-, with 25 ℃ the most desirable, at this moment overground part and underground part are all more neat; General cuttings root of hair is between 35 ℃ of ground temperature 20-, and ground temperature is lower than 20 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃, unfavorable cuttings root of hair.
Illumination aspect, illumination is to carry out photosynthetic source, and while lacking sunlight, photosynthesis can not carry out smoothly, also just can not produce the needs that enough organic nutritioies are supplied with cuttings healing and taking root, and illumination also can improve soil temperature, is beneficial to cell division.But illumination is defended too by force and can be caused temperature too high, transpiration is strengthened, and dehydration is too much, and blade is burnt, and cuttings is withered dead, puts cuttage to want appropriateness to shade, and shading hut is advisable with 50%-70%.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, and these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a matrix of cultivating climbing plant, is characterized in that: described matrix is mixed by turfy soil and vermiculite, perlite and fine sand.
2. the matrix of cultivation according to claim 1 climbing plant, wherein, in described matrix, the percentage by weight of composition is as follows: turfy soil (30-65) W%, vermiculite (20-40) W%, perlite (10-30) W%, fine sand (5-10) W%.
3. the matrix described in climbing plant right to use requirement 1 or 2 is carried out a method for cottage propagation, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) prepare matrix, this matrix selects turfy soil, vermiculite, perlite and fine sand to mix;
2) matrix is packed into cave dish, disinfection during the course;
3) choose cuttings, after using root-growing agent to process cuttings, cuttings cuttage is entered to cave dish;
4) to the cuttings laxative that waters, and overlay film is processed.
4. climbing plant according to claim 3 is used the method for matrix cottage propagation, wherein, and in described step 1), in matrix, the percentage by weight of composition is as follows: turfy soil (30-65) W%, vermiculite (20-40) W%, perlite (10-30) W%, fine sand (5-10) W%.
5. according to the climbing plant described in claim 3 or 4, use the method for matrix cottage propagation, wherein, in described step 1), the matrix preparing will carry out disinfection with antiseptic solution, by sprayer, matrix is sprayed, this thimerosal is a kind of in liquor potassic permanganate, bordeaux mixture or mancozeb liquid, and preferred thimerosal is 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
6. climbing plant according to claim 3 is used the method for matrix cottage propagation, wherein, described step 2), in, put and frontly first earth's surface is rinsed well, then with thimerosal, carry out disinfection, after cave dish is well placed, with thimerosal, cave dish is carried out disinfection, by sprayer, be sprayed directly on the dish of cave, sterilize after 6-10 hour, matrix is packed into cave dish, this thimerosal is a kind of in liquor potassic permanganate, bordeaux mixture or mancozeb liquid again, and preferred thimerosal is 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
7. climbing plant according to claim 3 is used the method for matrix cottage propagation, and wherein, in described step 3), the cuttings height of choosing is 3-5 centimetre, retains at least leaf in cuttings, and cuttings is carried out to cuttage, injects in matrix 2 centimeters.
8. according to the climbing plant described in claim 3 or 7, use the method for matrix cottage propagation, wherein, in described step 3), any one in the indolebutyric acid that root-growing agent is 1000ppm-2000ppm, methyl α-naphthyl acetate and ABT powder, the cuttings of choosing is put into root-growing agent and is soaked 20-30s.
9. climbing plant according to claim 3 is used the method for matrix cottage propagation, wherein, in described step 4), the cuttings that cuttage is good is watered, and then use by bactericidal liquid it is carried out to sterilization, bactericidal liquid is any one in the thiophanate methyl liquid of 40%-50% carbendazol and 50%-70%, or both mix.
10. according to the climbing plant described in claim 3 or 9, use the method for matrix cottage propagation, wherein, in described step 4), use PEF plastic film to carry out overlay film to cave dish, guarantee that the water content in the dish of cave reaches 50%-70%.
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