CN103603676B - A kind of scraper laneway support method - Google Patents
A kind of scraper laneway support method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103603676B CN103603676B CN201310594044.7A CN201310594044A CN103603676B CN 103603676 B CN103603676 B CN 103603676B CN 201310594044 A CN201310594044 A CN 201310594044A CN 103603676 B CN103603676 B CN 103603676B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of scraper laneway support method, comprise the following steps: scraper smooth blasting tunnels; Determine supporting time; At surface, scraper tunnel pneumatically placed concrete layer; Anchor pole is hung, close plating net at the position of pneumatically placed concrete layer; Pneumatically placed concrete layer covers anchor pole and wire lath again; Monobloc cast concrete is carried out after above-mentioned work completes; After form removal maintenance, form scraper tunnel combined retaining structure.This scraper laneway support method solves a supporting difficult problem for the Joint fissured roof soft rock slusher runner affected by repeatedly blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure, according to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure is formed, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, ensure the stability of slusher runner, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining technical field, especially, relate to a kind of scraper laneway support method.
Background technology
Scraper tunnel polycrystalline substance is as the project of primary importance of ore drawing engineering, and have excavation degree high, service time is long, the impact of repeatedly great explosion need be stood, according to the ore deposit amount that once falls number, Same millisecond blasting explosive charge 1 ~ more than the 3t that reaches, explosion is on the roadway support impact feature such as huge more.Joint fissured roof broken soft rock scraper polycrystalline substance support technology, mainly comprise the supporting in the tunneling process of well lane engineering, become the supporting in scraper tunnel behind lane, struggle against wear supporting, bucket well supporting and lintel line protection supporting.Generally for the supporting of Soft Rock Body, advocate to adopt the mode of " first allow and prop up afterwards, allow prop up combining " carry out supporting, but Joint fissured roof soft rock, developmental joint fissure, rock mass strength is lower, even become loose media shape, the intensity of rock is comparatively large, before confined pressure is removed, the elastic strain energy that rock stores is less, rock mass is cut by joint fissure, and globality is poor, if deflection is excessive, directly inbreak will occur, driving difficulty is large, and supporting difficulty is larger.
Existing support technology and supporting time closely related, Joint fissured roof broken soft rock, due to the diversity of rock mass structure, supporting time be difficult to grasp.Existing support technology adopts independent a kind of support form to be difficult to gather effect, particularly scraper tunnel polycrystalline substance, the excavation degree in tunnel is high, little (the extended height of polycrystalline substance height, foundation ore amount increases, loss late is large), be generally about 6 ~ 10m, high about the 2 ~ 3m in scraper tunnel, as there is large deformation, will directly emit to polycrystalline substance, have a strong impact on the stability of polycrystalline substance, so the supporting of scraper polycrystalline substance has its particularity, particularly the supporting difficulty in Joint fissured roof broken soft rock scraper tunnel is larger.Existing support form can not resist the damage of second-time breakage explosion frequently.
Supporting was lost efficacy, and collapse in scraper tunnel, bucket is worn, and bucket well destroys the smooth realization directly affecting whole mining technology process, affects stope ore drawing efficiency, ore drawing quality, increases loss and dilution rate, causes heavy economic losses, even cause casualties.After supporting was lost efficacy, general employing reduction level is again tunneled scraper tunnel or is carried out expansion side to former scraper tunnel and rises canopy reparation, and again tunnel owing to reducing polycrystalline substance level height, drop shaft length shortens, and ore drawing work is more complicated, and management difficulty is large; Reparation difficulty is large, and rehabilitation cost is high, and efficiency is low, poor stability, and the scraper roadway quality after repairing is difficult to ensure; Because it is huge to repeat repair amount, causes stope claim for eot, affect mine plan time, extend ore and deposit the cage phase, affect subsequent production link, bring about great losses economically.
Scraper polycrystalline substance, because construction cost is low, electric scraper discharging cost is low, and equipment investment is few, invests the advantages such as little, is one of the most frequently used polycrystalline substance of middle small mines, so the supporting method in research scraper tunnel is significant.
Therefore, studying a kind of novel scraper laneway support method has been technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of scraper laneway support method, large to solve driving difficulty, the technical problem that supporting difficulty is large.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of scraper laneway support method, comprises the following steps: a, scraper roadway excavation and determine supporting time; B, at surface, scraper tunnel pneumatically placed concrete layer; C, the position of pneumatically placed concrete layer hang anchor pole, close plating net; D, again pneumatically placed concrete layer cover described anchor pole and described wire lath; Monobloc cast concrete is carried out after e, above-mentioned work complete; F, after form removal maintenance, form scraper roadway support structure.
Further, the scraper cross-section shape of roadway described in step a is semicircular arch; Employing smooth Surface Blasting Technology is tunneled.
Further, determination supporting time described in step a, determine according to Joint fissured roof broken soft rock scraper tunnel structure and functional characteristic, rock mass is high by joint cutting degree, fragmentation is even loose media, scraper roadway excavation degree is high, scraper polycrystalline substance overall height is little, and scraper roadway support need stand repeatedly to fall the impact injury of ore deposit great explosion and the impact of ore drawing dynamic loading, the supporting in scraper tunnel is divided into preliminary bracing and final supporting.
Further, initial stage and the final period of scraper roadway support all have certain supporting intensity, initial stage adopts anchor and spray net to carry out supporting, control the displacement of country rock, inbreak and stress development, improve globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, the structure of preliminary bracing simultaneously has certain flexibility, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevent supporting and protection structure rigidity excessive and damaged.
Further, step a, b, c, d, e adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, and first order implementation step a, b, c, d, form initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure; In order to reduce the impact of explosion on scraper Drift stability, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount; After final concreting supporting is selected in great explosion or before last layering explosion, it it is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel; According to the best supporting time implementation step e determined, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine.
Further, the jetting thickness of the layer of concrete described in step b is 1cm-5cm.
Further, the described anchor pole in step c adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening, and described anchor pole bar footpath is 35mm-55mm, and described rock-bolt length is 1.5m-2.5m; Described wire lath employing diameter is that the mild steel wire braiding of 5mm-8mm forms, and grid internal diameter is 20cm-35cm.
Further, described anchor pole along the top in scraper tunnel, limit side and/or base angle by radial arrangement, longitudinal pitch and/or horizontal spacing are 50cm-80cm, often arrange described anchor pole and lay 5-15.
Further, before described step c implements, add step b ', pretreatment is carried out for rockbolt installation position, before squeezing into described anchor pole, in advance in the boring of scraper tunnel wall body, described boring aperture is less than described anchor pole external diameter, described anchor pole pressure and/or impact force are squeezed in hole, and the pulling capacity of described anchor pole after 10 days after installation is at least 10KN.
Further, pallet is added at described anchor pole outer end pad.
The cladding thickness of the layer of pneumatically placed concrete described in steps d is 2cm-5cm, and according to supporting requirement, multi-injection layer of concrete increases the thickness of shotcrete layer, improves intensity, the rigidity of preliminary bracing.
In steps d, chance scraper tunnel rock crushing rate is high or tunnel in loose media, needs to adopt short distance excavating and short distance supporting or advance support, and advance support adopts rail by a sharpening, other end adopts pusher leg drill to carry out pushing tow, closes rotating function during pushing tow; Carry out supporting operation immediately after tunneling into lane, rail waters and is filled in supporting by supporting in the lump, increases the rigidity of supporting.
Connect top step e monobloc cast is concrete, in step e, the finished section shape of concreting is semicircular arch simultaneously.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
This scraper laneway support method solves a supporting difficult problem for the Joint fissured roof soft rock slusher runner affected by repeatedly blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure, anchor and spray net is adopted to carry out preliminary bracing, and multi-injection strengthens concrete thickness, for preliminary bracing structure provides enough intensity, rigidity, control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, prevent country rock inbreak; Supporting and protection structure has certain flexibility simultaneously, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents supporting and protection structure rigidity excessive and destroy; Shot anchor net has the effect controlling country rock local fall, improves globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, reduces secondary supporting cost on the whole.According to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure is formed, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, ensure the stability of slusher runner, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
Except object described above, feature and advantage, the present invention also has other object, feature and advantage.Below with reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing forming a application's part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the scraper laneway support method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the scraper roadway support of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the multitude of different ways that the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover is implemented.
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the scraper laneway support method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the scraper roadway support of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the scraper laneway support method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps: a, scraper roadway excavation and determine supporting time; B, at surface, scraper tunnel pneumatically placed concrete layer; C, the position of pneumatically placed concrete layer hang anchor pole, close plating net; D, again pneumatically placed concrete layer cover anchor pole and wire lath; Monobloc cast concrete is carried out after e, above-mentioned work complete; F, after form removal maintenance, form scraper roadway support structure.This scraper laneway support method solves a difficult problem for Joint fissured roof broken soft rock supporting, from the section type selecting in tunnel, defines the Joint fissured roof broken soft rock support system of complete set to the driving in scraper tunnel, supporting.This scraper laneway support method solves a supporting difficult problem for the Joint fissured roof soft rock slusher runner affected by repeatedly blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure, scraper roadway excavation adopts smooth Surface Blasting Technology thus reduces surrounding rock failure, rear employing anchor and spray net carries out preliminary bracing, and multi-injection strengthens concrete thickness, for preliminary bracing structure provides enough intensity, rigidity, control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, prevent country rock inbreak; Supporting and protection structure has certain flexibility simultaneously, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents supporting and protection structure rigidity excessive and destroy; Shot anchor net has the effect controlling country rock local fall, improves globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, reduces secondary supporting cost on the whole.For reducing the impact of blasting impact and ore drawing dynamic loading, the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of final steel concrete adopts semicircular arch, vault lifting surface area can be reduced, be more conducive to slusher runner upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, ensure the steadiness of the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of steel concrete.According to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure is formed, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, ensure the stability of slusher runner, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the scraper tunnel of step a adopts smooth blasting to form section.Adopt smooth Surface Blasting Technology, reduce explosion to the damage of country rock, improve the supporting capacity of country rock self.Scraper cross-section shape of roadway is semicircular arch, can reduce vault lifting surface area, is more conducive to slusher runner upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, improves the bearing structure performance in scraper tunnel self.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the determination supporting time of step a, selects supporting time according to the best scraper tunnel end surface shape selected, according to Joint fissured roof broken soft rock scraper tunnel structure and functional effect, scraper tunnel need be stood by repeatedly blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure affect.Embodiment adopts Combined Support Technology by stages to control the Stress and displacement development of country rock, forms initial stage anchor and spray net, the combined supporting pattern of later stage steel concrete.In order to reduce the impact of blasting impact on scraper Drift stability, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount.Final concreting supporting should be selected in after great explosion or before last layering explosion as far as possible, is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, initial stage and the final period of scraper roadway support all should have certain supporting intensity, and the initial stage adopts anchor and spray net to carry out supporting, control displacement and the inbreak of country rock.For Joint fissured roof broken soft rock, preliminary bracing has displacement and the stress development that certain intensity is conducive to controlling country rock, avoid Large travel range occurring and affecting the globality of country rock self and the stability of scraper polycrystalline substance, thus reduce final supporting difficulty, ensure the validity of supporting.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the jetting thickness of the layer of concrete of step b is 1cm-5cm.Here sprayed mortar mainly plays the effect on the impact of country rock of filling fracture, air-isolation and water, prevents rock decay and deliquescence, and provides the support force at initial stage, namely inbreak occurs after preventing country rock from excavating.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the anchor pole in step c adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening, and anchor pole bar footpath is 35mm-55mm, and rock-bolt length is 1.5m-2.5m; Wire lath employing diameter is that the mild steel wire braiding of 5mm-8mm forms, and grid internal diameter is 20cm-35cm.Wherein, anchor host will act as and prevent Jointed Rock Masses from producing local fall, affects the support performance of tunnel entirety and the stability of polycrystalline substance.Pipe-seam type anchor rod is along with the squeezing action of surrouding rock deformation, and anchored force increases, and supporting performance is better, utilizes the compound action of anchor pole to strengthen the globality of broken country rock.The scraper tunnel preliminary bracing measure of anchor and spray net composition, utilizes the combined supporting effect of anchor and spray net, and in conjunction with the advantage of different support pattern, proof stress and Displacement Development, avoid Large travel range occurs, affect the overall performance of scraper polycrystalline substance.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, anchor pole along the top in scraper tunnel, limit side and/or base angle by radial arrangement, longitudinal pitch and/or horizontal spacing are 50cm-80cm, often arrange anchor pole and lay 5-15.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, before step c implements, add step b ', pretreatment is carried out, before squeezing into anchor pole for rockbolt installation position, hole at scraper tunnel wall body in advance, boring aperture is less than anchor pole external diameter, and anchor pole pressure and/or impact force are squeezed in hole, and the pulling capacity of the anchor pole after installation after 10 days is at least 10KN.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in anchor pole outer end, pad adds pallet.Pallet is steel plate.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in steps d, the cladding thickness of pneumatically placed concrete layer is 2cm-5cm again.The shotcrete layer of preliminary bracing is jointly formed with first time sprayed mortar, thickness adds up to 3 ~ 10cm, sprayed mortar has certain intensity, through repeatedly strengthening the thickness of shotcrete layer, initial stage support force be can effectively improve, the displacement of Joint fissured roof breaking surrounding rock and the development of stress controlled.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in step b, chance scraper tunnel wall body percentage of damage is high, needs to adopt short distance excavating and short distance supporting.Have and prevent loose media inbreak expanded range, be conducive to the Forming Quality of roadway construction safety and control drift section.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in steps d, chance scraper tunnel rock crushing rate is high or tunnel in loose media, when needing to adopt short distance excavating and short distance supporting or advance support, advance support adopts rail by a sharpening, and other end adopts pusher leg drill to carry out pushing tow, closes rotating function during pushing tow; Carry out supporting operation immediately after tunneling into lane, rail waters and is filled in supporting by supporting in the lump, increases the rigidity of supporting.
As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, connect top step e monobloc cast is concrete, concreting section is semicircular arch simultaneously.Build connect top quality directly have influence on supporting quality, be conducive to dispersion, transmit rock mass stress, avoid stress concentrate.Semicircular arch arch can reduce vault area of stress concentration, is more conducive to slusher runner upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, improves the bearing structure performance in scraper tunnel self.
The features such as during enforcement, scraper tunnel polycrystalline substance, as the project of primary importance of ore drawing engineering, has excavation degree high, and service time is long.Joint fissured roof broken soft rock scraper polycrystalline substance support technology, mainly comprise the supporting in the tunneling process of well lane engineering, become the supporting in scraper tunnel behind lane, struggle against wear supporting, bucket well supporting and lintel line protection supporting; Joint fissured roof soft rock, developmental joint fissure, rock mass strength is lower, and rock mass even becomes loose media shape, the intensity of rock is comparatively large, and before confined pressure is removed, the elastic strain energy of the storage of rock is less, if deflection is excessive, inbreak will occur, driving difficulty is large, and supporting difficulty is larger.This scraper laneway support method, a difficult problem for Joint fissured roof soft rock supporting can be solved, the distortion of excavating rear initial stage country rock can be controlled, improve the overall performance of country rock and the supporting capacity of country rock self, thus reduce the intensity of secondary supporting, reduce support cost on the whole.By the shock effect adopting shaped steel lintel line can reduce secondary blasting.Bucket well inwall adopts the supporting of anchor pole net, controls the displacement of rock mass, improves globality and the stability in scraper tunnel.Scraper tunnel forms initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine, and to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, ensures the stability of slusher runner, guarantees carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
This scraper laneway support method: first pneumatically placed concrete 2cm after scraper roadway excavation, rear extension anchor pole (φ 43mm pipe-seam type anchor rod), rock-bolt length 1.8m, anchor pole net degree 60cm × 60cm, close plating net (φ 6mm reinforcing bar while hanging anchor pole, grid 30cm × 30cm), after this spray 3cm concrete again and cover anchor net.Monobloc cast steel concrete 300mm again after above-mentioned work completes, note in casting process connecing top, the finished section shape of building is semicircular arch.As shown in Figure 2.Adopt semicircular arch section, vault lifting surface area can be reduced, be more conducive to slusher runner upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, ensure the steadiness of the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of steel concrete.
According to combined bolting and shotcrete theory calculate, concrete spray coating thickness is 50mm, concrete water-cement ratio is 0.45, matching materials is than being cement: sand: stone=1:2:1.5, adopt PO42.5 portland cement, 1m3 concrete cement consumption is 460kg, and sand particle diameter is the medium sand of 0.3mm ~ 3mm, and mud content is no more than 3%.Sand for Concrete amount is 920kg, and stone maximum particle diameter is 10mm, and consumption is 1m3 concrete 690kg.The strength mark of sprayed mortar requires to reach C20, and its modulus of elasticity is 2.1MPa × 10MPa, and design strength is 11MPa.Accelerating admixture 2 ~ 3% is added in pneumatically placed concrete.
Anchor pole adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening.According to combined bolting and shotcrete theory calculate, rock-bolt length gets 1.8m, and anchor pole pushes up along tunnel, limit is helped and radial arrangement is pressed at base angle, and spacing is 0.6m × 0.6m in length and breadth.The structure of anchor pole as shown in Figure 1.When using this anchor pole, bore diameter is 36cm, is less than anchor pole external diameter.After boring is accomplished fluently, anchor pole pressure or impact force are squeezed in hole.Anchor pole after installation requires that 10 days later pulling capacities reach more than 40KN.In anchor pole outer end, pad adds pallet, and pallet is A3 steel plate, and often arranging (0.6m) anchor pole consumption is 10.
Wire lath adopts the braiding of the mild steel wire of φ 6mm to form, and mesh is 30cm × 30cm.First time supporting adopts the form of " first spray after anchor ", and namely first spray 2cm, this mode can close country rock in time, ensures safety when boring square, protects bolthole, and holds spray-up because of anchor skewer pallet, decreases spray-up span, can prevent spray-up from ftractureing.In addition, metal linked network can protect spray-up.To hang up properly after wire lath pneumatically placed concrete 3cm again.If (scene of meeting is more broken, in short distance excavating and short distance supporting situation, also can first hang anchor pole and wire lath, pneumatically placed concrete again after arriving certain Excavation Length (about 15m).)
Steel concrete secondary supporting adopts concrete to add reinforcing bar 300mm.Positive lane, scraper tunnel support pattern is poured into a mould by semicircular arch design size, the bucket of scraper funnel is worn and is poured into a mould by basket handle arch design size, and bucket eaves go out mine mouth place raise 0.2m cast, namely sets of brackets on top of the columns wall is high is progressively inwardly increased as 1.967m by 1.767m, and sagitta is constant.
1 supporting scheme
1.1 scraper roadway support schemes: adopt combined bolting and shotcrete, jetting thickness 5cm, the bad place of local rock formation adds bolt support, rock-bolt length 1.8m, anchor pole net degree 80cm × 80cm, often arrange 8, anchor after first spray on construction principle, but crossing the construction method of the appropriate to the occasion employing short distance excavating and short distance supporting of zone of fracture, first beat anchor pole, rear gunite.
1.2 zone of fracture driving and supportings: because ROCK MASS JOINT crack is extremely grown; rock mass is by reasons such as intensive joint fissure cuttings; pole built on the sand; often zone of fracture can be run in practice of construction; now be applied in normal construction means to be often difficult to pass through zone of fracture; and causing inbreak region of collapsing increase gradually and increase, this brings great negative effect by driving subsequently, supporting, and final loss and the dilution increasing ore.Therefore, construction will be noted observing formation variations situation especially, take three strongest ones' operation as far as possible, run into more broken rock stratum, the technology way of short distance excavating and short distance supporting can be taked, shorten an Excavation Length, once tunnel about 1 meter, if construction is difficulty still, then an Excavation Length is no more than 0.6m, and tunnels forward after must taking combined bolting and shotcrete or other support patterns in time again.Advance support should be taked for smashed to pieces section, advance support adopts rail to carry out supporting, first set up a frame steel arch-shelf at work plane, then on steel arch-shelf crossbeam, pushing tow rail is to projected depth to adopt air leg rig (only utilize impact, close and rotate), and tunnelling carries out immediate support after slagging tap, repeat above-mentioned operation again, push ahead.
1.3 steel concrete supportings: namely have employed anchor and spray net after laneway molding and carry out supporting, but its supporting intensity is not enough, effectively can not control the development of surrounding rock displacement and stress, in order to improve the load characteristic of country rock self.In order to reduce the impact of blasting impact on scraper Drift stability, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount.Final concreting supporting should be selected in after great explosion or before last layering explosion as far as possible, is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel.The combined retaining structure of formation initial stage anchor and spray net and later stage steel concrete.Reinforced Concrete Design thickness 300mm, in order to further developing of limiting displacement, requires that supporting fully connects top; In order to be beneficial to the transmission of vault stress, finished section shape is semicircular arch.
2 constructure scheme
2.1 advance development
In broken rock driving, first first carry out erection steel and prop up 1, after supporting, the rail steel of the long 24kg/m of 3.5m for subsequent use is several, a sharpening; Stable orbit, adopt pusher leg drill (big gun bar is replaced with buckle) to impact track and slowly squeezed among rock stratum by track, reasonable layout like this is several, and deslagging one segment distance (about 1m) sets up steel afterwards and props up; Circulation driving.
2.2 smooth blasting constructions
Due to Joint fissured roof Soft Rock Body intensity difference, so tunnel all should adopt smooth blasting to form section, it is more regular that it can make bolting and shotcrete roadway be shaped, reduce the damage to rock mass, improve the supporting capacity of country rock self, ensure the integrality of country rock in addition and improve the anti-pressure ability of bolt-spary supports roadway, construction requirement:
1. the preparation of construction is carried out, as seen the work such as line, fixed point, metering-orifice distance and mark picture eye position.
2. meticulous jewel hole, jewel hole will accomplish standard, flat, straight, neat.Meet the requirements for protecting jewel hole, should at the positive top of arch and skewback line place be each makes a call to a guiding eye, and straight tamper or drill steel to be plugged, so that for boring other borehole guiding.
3. rationally powder charge, detonating repeatedly.Adopt inverse initiation structure, i.e. hole-bottom blast, periphery hole adopts segmentation minor diameter Uncoincided charge, strengthens detonator and explosive property inspection, ensures blasting quality.
2.3 anchor bolt works constructions
(1) square construction
The direction of square should be as far as possible vertical with face, rock stratum or main fissure-plane, when face, rock stratum and fissure-plane not obvious time should with tunnel-surrounding profile normal.The diameter of square, the degree of depth, spacing must meet designing requirement, and spacing deviation must not exceed ± and 0.1 meter.
(2) rockbolt installation
1. before installing, with the clear hole of high-pressure blast.
2. adopt air drill to install pipe-seam type anchor rod, supporting plate should be close to scar, must tamp, not handy chock material, stone etc. when contacting not tight by cement mortar.
The construction of 2.4 wire laths
1. close plating net (φ 6mm reinforcing bar, grid 30cm × 30cm) while hanging anchor pole, wire lath must be tied up by tied silk.For easy construction, first anchor pole can be squeezed into certain depth, then tie up longitudinal reinforcement at anchor pole root, and it is pressed into arc, then tie up transverse reinforcement by mesh-density braiding, between anchor pole, adding a longitudinal reinforcement and tie up.
2., after steel mesh reinforcement has been tied up, with air leg anchor pole headed into and make steel mesh reinforcement closely connected just pneumatically placed concrete surface.
The construction (employing dry spraying machine) of 2.5 sprayed mortars
(1) preparation of construction
1. construction section is checked, must be processed the part of owing to dig;
2. the turquoise float stone after cleaning explosion in wall, two help the barren rock of bottom must remove totally;
3. clean the floating dust on the wall of lane, general rock can wash by water, and must clean when broken fragility, dilatancy rock with high-pressure blast;
4. check spraying equipment, and compressed air, water, electricity, pipeline etc., carry out blasting materials, dust-proof and reclaim the preparation of resilience thing;
(2) sprayed mortar material
The materials such as cement, coarse-fine aggregate, mixing water, accelerating admixture must meet the requirements, and must stir, the weighing deviation of material must not exceed simultaneously:
(3) match ratio and water/binder ratio
Rod is according to combined bolting and shotcrete theory calculate, and concrete spray coating thickness is 50mm, and concrete water-cement ratio is 0.45, and matching materials is than being cement: sand: stone=1:2:1.5, adopts PO42.5 portland cement, 1m
3concrete cement consumption is 460kg, and sand particle diameter is the medium sand of 0.3mm ~ 3mm, and mud content is no more than 3%.Sand for Concrete amount is 920kg, and stone maximum particle diameter is 10mm, and consumption is 1m
3concrete 690kg.The strength mark of sprayed mortar requires to reach R
28=No. 200, its modulus of elasticity is 2.1MPa × 10MPa, and design strength is 11MPa.Water/binder ratio is 0.4 ~ 0.45, and the amount adding accelerating admixture in sprayed mortar is 2 ~ 3% of cement weight, and mix is even.
(4) spray technology and operation
Concrete ejection is divided into twice injection, sprays 2cm first in time after roadway excavation, sprays 3cm again by it covering after wire lath hangs up properly.
1. operating air pressure.Practice shows, correctly controls operating air pressure, is the key reducing resilience, reduce dust, ensure concrete quality, is generally advisable with 1.1 ~ 1.3 × 105Pa.Usually, for dry type spraying machine:
Unloaded pressure=conveying pipeline length (m) × 0.01 (× 105Pa);
Operating pressure=1+ conveying pipeline length (m) × 0.013 (× 105Pa);
2. hydraulic pressure.Hydraulic pressure generally should about 1 × 105Pa higher than air pressure, to ensure that the dry mixing material that namely nozzle place water ring can be crossed abundant moistening a flash regulates the water valve on nozzle water ring to control hydraulic pressure;
3. water/binder ratio.Water/binder ratio is advisable with 0.4 ~ 0.45 in theory, but because the water yield is directly controlled water valve to control by operator in practical operation, the siccative flow that conveying pipeline transports is also uneven, is difficult to quantitatively, therefore can only leans on the experience of operator to judge.When the water yield is few, there is dry spot in concrete surface, and springback capacity is large, dust from flying; When the water yield is large, concrete can produce slippage, tenesmus or trickling, and suitable water/binder ratio then can avoid above-mentioned phenomenon.
4. nozzle and the distance by spray plane.Suitable nozzle and the distance by spray plane, be ensure that concrete springback rate is little, obtain the weight factor of higher sprinkler body intensity.Generally be advisable with 0.8m ~ 1.2m.
5. injection direction and the angle by spray plane.Facts have proved, when injection direction is vertical with by spray plane, rebound degree is minimum, and the angle of oblique is less, and rebound degree is higher.Therefore during practical operation, require injection direction as far as possible perpendicular to being subject to spray plane.
6. mixing and stirring of siccative controls to put the time with quiet.The weighing allowable error of material is: cement 2%, aggregate 5%, accelerating admixture 2%.Adopt forced action type stir and be less than one minute, adopt vertical stir and be less than two minutes, manually must not mix and stir and be less than three times.Mix the quiet time that puts must not more than 15min when being mixed with accelerating admixture, must not more than 2h when not mixing accelerating admixture.Accomplish to use with adjoint as far as possible.
7. machine operation is sprayed.Conscientiously preparation is checked, when operation starts, first to compressed air → dynamic motor → then feed water → last feed to establishing by cable again before operation.During the end of job, reinforced → standby interior material spray is first stopped to spray rear stopping motor → final cutting water source, compressed air also cleaning protection machine.
8. spraying operation.First should clean scar with high-pressure blast before spray, if scar drying, apply water and squirt scar.When starting to spray, can first adopt nozzle move mode, spray skim ductile bed to by spray plane left and right and the mode of strafing up and down, then carry out normal injection on this thin layer.During normal injection, nozzle points to the injecting time of the three unities should be excessively not of a specified duration, because can increase resilience like this and spray-up is uneven.Good spray regime should be that nozzle is perpendicular to scar, nozzle is made circle or the elliptical motion of system, this annular height about 15cm ~ 20cm, is about 40cm ~ 60cm, each circle transverse shifting 8cm ~ 15cm, so that obtain minimum resilience and uniform thickness.
Injection order should be first wall rear arch, from bottom to top.Floating spoil will be cleaned in wall base angle, and the tight spray of spray is real pulls open section, is sprayed into half of tunnel in turn, then turns the another half of tunnel of shower nozzle spray, finally closes up spray vault.
For rough scar, first recessed rear convex, correct spray regime from bottom to top should be taked.
When secondary is sprayed with steel mesh reinforcement again, first squirt scar with water, make bonds well between twice concrete, meanwhile, should adopt closely oblique and fast mode spray, do not interspace after making wire lath, wire lath sprayed in concrete.
9. the maintenance of sprayed mortar.Spray and concrete in owing to adding accelerating admixture, cement consumption is large and fines is many, easy generation contraction fissure, larger than ordinary concrete 2 ~ 5 times of shrinkage value, absorb moisture when its main cause is sclerosis to produce, the best preventive way starts wet curing in 2h ~ 4h after spray, water spray number of times will make it keep enough moistening, and the wet curing time must not be less than 7 round the clock.Just wet curing is not carried out when only having trickle area and relative humidity more than 95%.
10. country rock Seepage water.Have trickle for scar, seep water and to drip etc. situation time, water source situation to be understood fully before construction, adopt for different situations and seal, block up, cut, lead, the mode of harnessing the river such as to blow.
The integrated poured construction of 2.6 concrete
(1) concrete proportioning is chosen
Because scraper tunnel is affected by repeated mining repeatedly, according to design rule, steel concrete label should not be less than C20, and press C30 design at this, its modulus of elasticity is 3 × 104MPa, and its normal intensity is 22MPa, and common PO42.5 portland cement chosen by cement.Therefore calculated by following empirical formula.
In formula: R
28one concrete is the compressive strength (kg/cm of maintenance after 28 days at the standard conditions
2);
R
cone cement grade;
A mono-test coefficient, rubble gets 0.45, and cobble gets 0.5;
B mono-test coefficient, gets 0.5;
C/W mono-cement water ratio, the i.e. weight ratio of cement and water in unit volume concrete.
Bring given data into above formula and calculate C/W=1.627, i.e. water/binder ratio W/C=0.61, in practical application, can adjust according to on-the-spot slump test and concrete test block test, because the on-the-spot construction period of current stope is tight, do not possess experiment condition, therefore rule of thumb data are chosen and made water/binder ratio near calculated value, concrete mix (weight ratio) is chosen for, cement: sand: stone=1:1.74:3.55, water/binder ratio is 0.55, i.e. every m
3concrete cement consumption is 350kg, is by weight: every 50kg, cement river sand 87kg, uses rubble 178kg, use water 27.5kg.
Particularly point out, in current job site with mixer stir once, just fill fortune ash flat board ash car, grey vehicle volume is about 0.32m
3, therefore stir and once should add cement amount and be about 112kg, it is far from being enough for only adding by worker's custom the match ratio that a bag to wraps half cement.
(2) material requirements
For cement, accomplish namely to buy i.e. use as far as possible, not deposit for a long time, and particularly can not make moist.For the river sand as fines, mud content must not be greater than 3%, and the content of organic matter mica etc. must not be greater than 1%, and will carry out flushing for the river sand that mud content is excessive can use.Rubble is that common rocks forms through artificial or Mechanical Crushing, and its intensity should be concrete more than 1.5 ~ 2 times, can not contain mud or other organic impurities.
(3) construct (comprising bucket eaves)
1. site clearing, excavates basis.First clear up and two help float stone, then excavate basis, fundamental importance 300mm × 200mm by design width and the degree of depth, namely 200mm is dark, and 300mm is wide, and driving must put in place, placing of concrete again after measuring.
2. wall and arch is watered.First formwork, in line with the pouring order of first wall rear arch, ponding depths 300mm, should strictly by design and construction.Steel mesh reinforcement degree is the reinforcing bar for φ 12mm of 300mm × 200mm, 300mm and it can be used as arch muscle simultaneously, and arch muscle is long is 7.125m.200 be φ 8 reinforcing bar, as lacing wire, tied silk between reinforcing bar binding site, to be adopted to tighten.For preventing out picture honeycomb hole and pitted skin, abundant tamping is wanted in vibration, can brush oil on steel form simultaneously.To spray water when watering again between the concrete of twice pouring fully moistening, be convenient to combine closely.
3. top is connect.Require in concrete casting process not interspace at vault as far as possible, should take at the position not easily connecing top manually to put cement roll or carry out connecing top to the way of position, space sprayed mortar.
4. struggle against the pouring of eaves.Bucket eaves pouring reinforcement adopts double layer bar, and steel mesh reinforcement degree is 200mm × 200mm, and arch muscle is the reinforcing bar of φ 12mm, and lacing wire is φ 8mm reinforcing bar.Interior stringcourse muscle is long is 6.368m, and outer stringcourse muscle is long is 6.682m.Bucket is worn and is poured into a mould by basket handle arch design size, and bucket eaves raises 0.2m cast going out mine mouth place, and namely sets of brackets on top of the columns wall is high is progressively inwardly increased as 1.967m by 1.767m, and sagitta is constant.
Tie up requirement and vibratory concrete requirement the same.
5. form removal.After concrete casting is good, ability form removal after needing maintenance a period of time, be generally no less than five days, forbid to beat with sledgehammer during form removal, the template pulled down will be scrubbed in time, damages will repairing in time of distortion, if metope has deficiency, also will be repaired in time.
(4) maintenance
After concrete casting is good, maintenance must be carried out, curing time should be no less than 28 days by regulation, maintenance groundwork is the concrete water spray to pouring, it is made to keep moistening for a long time, only just can not carry out maintenance when ambient humidity is greater than 95 ~ 100%, the object of maintenance is that cement is fully hardened, and increases late strength of concrete.
This scraper laneway support method solves a supporting difficult problem for the Joint fissured roof soft rock slusher runner affected by repeatedly blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure, scraper roadway excavation adopts smooth Surface Blasting Technology thus reduces surrounding rock failure, rear employing anchor and spray net carries out preliminary bracing, and multi-injection strengthens concrete thickness, for preliminary bracing structure provides enough intensity, rigidity, control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, prevent country rock inbreak; Supporting and protection structure has certain flexibility simultaneously, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents supporting and protection structure rigidity excessive and destroy; Shot anchor net has the effect controlling country rock local fall, improves globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, reduces secondary supporting cost on the whole.For reducing the impact of blasting impact and ore drawing dynamic loading, the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of final steel concrete adopts semicircular arch, vault lifting surface area can be reduced, be more conducive to slusher runner upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, ensure the steadiness of the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of steel concrete.According to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure is formed, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, ensure the stability of slusher runner, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a scraper laneway support method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, scraper roadway excavation and determine supporting time; The ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces the burst size of blasting in once-through, to reduce the impact of blasting impact on scraper Drift stability; After final concreting supporting is selected in great explosion or before last layering explosion, it it is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel;
B, at surface, scraper tunnel pneumatically placed concrete layer;
C, the position of pneumatically placed concrete layer hang anchor pole, close plating net;
D, again pneumatically placed concrete layer cover described anchor pole and described wire lath;
Monobloc cast concrete is carried out after e, above-mentioned work complete;
F, after form removal maintenance, form scraper roadway support structure;
Adopt anchor and spray net to carry out preliminary bracing, and multi-injection strengthens concrete thickness, for preliminary bracing structure provides strength and stiffness, control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, prevent country rock inbreak; Supporting and protection structure has flexibility simultaneously, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents supporting and protection structure rigidity excessive and destroy; Shot anchor net has the effect controlling country rock local fall, improves globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, reduces secondary supporting cost on the whole; According to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure is formed, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, ensure the stability of slusher runner, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
2. scraper laneway support method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Scraper cross-section shape of roadway described in step a is semicircular arch;
Employing smooth Surface Blasting Technology is tunneled.
3. scraper laneway support method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Determination supporting time described in step a,
Determine according to Joint fissured roof broken soft rock scraper tunnel structure and functional characteristic, rock mass is high by joint cutting degree, fragmentation is even loose media, scraper roadway excavation degree is high, scraper polycrystalline substance overall height is little, scraper roadway support need stand repeatedly to fall the impact injury of ore deposit great explosion and the impact of ore drawing dynamic loading, the supporting in scraper tunnel is divided into preliminary bracing and final supporting.
4. scraper laneway support method according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Initial stage and the final period of scraper roadway support all have certain supporting intensity,
Initial stage adopts anchor and spray net to carry out supporting,
Control the displacement of country rock, inbreak and stress development, improve globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock,
The structure of preliminary bracing simultaneously has certain flexibility, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevent supporting and protection structure rigidity excessive and damaged.
5. scraper laneway support method according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described step a, b, c, d, e adopt Combined Support Technology by stages,
First order implements described step a, b, c, d, forms initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure;
In order to reduce the impact of explosion on scraper Drift stability, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount;
After final concreting supporting is selected in great explosion or before last layering explosion, it it is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel;
Described step e is implemented, the combined retaining structure that final formation shot anchor net and steel concrete combine according to the best supporting time determined.
6. scraper laneway support method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the jetting thickness of the layer of concrete described in step b is 1cm-5cm.
7. scraper laneway support method according to claim 5, is characterized in that,
Described anchor pole in step c adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening,
Described anchor pole bar footpath is 35mm-55mm,
Described rock-bolt length is 1.5m-2.5m;
Described wire lath employing diameter is that the mild steel wire braiding of 5mm-8mm forms,
Grid internal diameter is 20cm-35cm.
8. scraper laneway support method according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described anchor pole along the top in scraper tunnel, limit side and/or base angle by radial arrangement,
Longitudinal pitch and/or horizontal spacing are 50cm-80cm,
Often arrange described anchor pole and lay 5-15.
9. scraper laneway support method according to claim 8, is characterized in that,
Before described step c implements, add step b ',
Pretreatment is carried out for rockbolt installation position, before squeezing into described anchor pole, in advance in the boring of scraper tunnel wall body,
Described boring aperture is less than described anchor pole external diameter,
Described anchor pole pressure and/or impact force are squeezed in hole,
The pulling capacity of described anchor pole after 10 days after installation is at least 10KN.
10. scraper laneway support method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in described anchor pole outer end, pad adds pallet.
11. scraper laneway support methods according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the cladding thickness of the layer of pneumatically placed concrete described in steps d is 2cm-5cm, according to supporting requirement, multi-injection layer of concrete increases the thickness of shotcrete layer, improves intensity, the rigidity of preliminary bracing.
12. scraper laneway support methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that,
In described steps d, chance scraper tunnel rock crushing rate is high or tunnel in loose media, needs to adopt short distance excavating and short distance supporting or advance support,
Advance support adopts rail by a sharpening, and other end adopts pusher leg drill to carry out pushing tow, closes rotating function during pushing tow;
Carry out supporting operation immediately after tunneling into lane, rail waters and is filled in supporting by supporting in the lump, increases the rigidity of supporting.
13. scraper laneway support methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, connect top step e monobloc cast is concrete, in step e, the finished section shape of concreting is semicircular arch simultaneously.
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| CN104533484A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Roadway supporting method |
| CN106761867A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 四川广旺能源发展（集团）有限责任公司 | High-dipping surrounding rock of actual mining roadway stabilization supporting facility and support process |
| CN106930762A (en) * | 2017-03-19 | 2017-07-07 | 南京银茂铅锌矿业有限公司 | A kind of stope filling body slope reinforcement method |
| CN107941620B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2024-01-26 | 山东建筑大学 | Mechanical property test evaluation device and method for underground engineering anchor net spray supporting structure |
| CN108468553A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-31 | 贵州开磷建设集团有限公司 | The construction method for supporting of roadway in a kind of carbonaceous shale |
| CN108867712B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-03-31 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Side slope, pit bottom and substrate seepage prevention method based on tailing composite seepage prevention material |
| CN111883942B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-10-11 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | High-resistance rock cavern indoor full-section combined grounding method |
| CN113294154B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2023-10-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for reserving roadway in dead zone at bottom of ore drawing |
| CN113565541B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2024-04-05 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司漳村煤矿 | Method for regenerating top plate of undersides of interchange type dense roadway groups |
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