CN103600296A - Method for using rectangular parallel light beams for shaping and forming ultra-hard grinding wheel - Google Patents
Method for using rectangular parallel light beams for shaping and forming ultra-hard grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103600296A CN103600296A CN201310593958.1A CN201310593958A CN103600296A CN 103600296 A CN103600296 A CN 103600296A CN 201310593958 A CN201310593958 A CN 201310593958A CN 103600296 A CN103600296 A CN 103600296A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
- B24B53/08—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels controlled by information means, e.g. patterns, templets, punched tapes or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/361—Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for allowing rectangular parallel light beams to be tangent to the circumferential surface of an ultra-hard grinding wheel so as to shape and form the ultra-hard grinding wheel. A spot scanning sensor is used to accurately detect the surface appearance data of the to-be-formed ultra-hard grinding wheel, and the detected data is compared with the known to-be-formed ultra-hard grinding wheel surface standard contour generatrix function so as to determine the allowance which needs to be trimmed. A two-dimensional digital control platform controls the laser beams through digital control programming to cut the protruding parts along the to-be-formed ultra-hard grinding wheel standard contour and vertical to the generatrix until the laser beams feeds to the laser beam preset contour trajectory function k(y)+m along the Z-axis direction, the to-be-cut allowance of the to-be-formed ultra-hard grinding wheel is cut, and shaping is finished. The to-be-formed ultra-hard grinding wheel is trimmed along the circumferential surface using the pulse optical fiber laser which feeds in combination with a digital control system, and the problems of low trimming efficiency and low shape precision in the prior art are solved.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the method for laser reconditioning emery wheel, relate in particular to a kind of method of using rectangle collimated light beam and the tangent shaping moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel periphery.
Background invention
Diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) emery wheel is referred to as super-abrasive grinding wheel, and both have complementarity aspect adaptability: skive is suitable for the nonmetallic materials of the high rigidity such as hard, the crisp non-ferrous metal of grinding and carbide alloy, optical glass, pottery, jewel, high fragility; CBN emery wheel is suitable for the metal material of Grinding Hardened Steel, heat-resisting alloy and high rigidity, high tenacity.Due to the good grinding performance of super-abrasive grinding wheel, be widely used in the fields such as aviation, automobile, medical science, electronics, building materials, and become the basis of the technology such as accurate and superfine grinding, high-speed and high-efficiency grinding, difficult-to-machine material grinding, form grinding, grinding automation.
In grinding process, the grinding performance of emery wheel depends on the surface characteristic of emery wheel to a great extent, and the form accuracy of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel and dimensional accuracy thereof directly affect the crudy of workpiece.Therefore, form grinding be realized, first crushing problem will be solved.Crushing is divided into shaping and two processes of dressing conventionally.
Moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel is repaired conventional shaping methods turning method, filing, extrusion, diamond roller method, to metal bonded wheel available electric processing method also; The method of dressing mainly contains fixed formula abrasive material, free type abrasive particle and electric machining three major types.
Moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel dressing technique also has some limitations, and for example, when turning method finishing and cup emery wheel finishing, dressing tool loss is very fast; Diamond roller trimming efficiency is high, precision is high, but roller profile is complicated, is difficult to manufacture; Electric spark shaving method dressing accuracy is high, but trimming speed is slower; Electrolytic dressing method speed is fast but be difficult to shaping, and due to the impact of the electric field between cathode tool and emery wheel, flow field, electrode reaction dynamic process, machining gap is not to equate everywhere, thereby makes the surface roughness that is trimmed undesirable; ELID method need be equipped with special-purpose power supply, electrode and electrolyte, installs more expensive and has certain specific (special) requirements;
Along with the in-depth of fundamental research and the rise of high-quality laser instrument, the application of high-energy, short-pulse laser and application scale are constantly expanded and are expanded.Laser reconditioning is as a kind of contactless dressing technique, the direct effect of having avoided mechanical force with firmly contact, have that applicability is wide, efficiency and precision high and many-sided advantage such as easily be automated.The present invention adopts fiber laser beam as " finishing pen ", utilizes the thermodynamic activity of Reciprocity of Laser & Materials, realizes the ablation of emery wheel material and removes processing, reaches the object of high-quality, high efficiency and the automation finishing of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel.
Prior art discloses a kind of method and apparatus of laser reconditioning super-abrasive grinding wheel, and a kind of laser trimming method and equipment of super-abrasive grinding wheel is provided in " laser trimming method of super-abrasive grinding wheel " that publication number is CN101642895A and " laser finishing device for grinding wheel " patent of publication number CN201455807U.This patent of invention has proposed a kind of method of laser reconditioning super-abrasive grinding wheel.But this technical scheme still has many problems:
1) this patent adopts laser beam radially to aim at the method for trimming of emery wheel, removes one by one, and need to change at any time the technological parameter of laser reconditioning for height point to be removed, and very high to the performance requirement of laser instrument, efficiency is very low.And once cannot complete finishing, need repeatedly duplicate detection, computer calculates and controls laser instrument bright dipping finishing, until remove surplus completely.
2) when each detection, encoder need to be recorded emery wheel from starting to each position signalling stopping.Upload again current position signal, and by computer, obtain the finishing surplus of emery wheel current location, the trim process parameter of control and regulation laser instrument.Whole process operation is too numerous and diverse.
3) after moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel sintering completes or weares and teares, periphery form error large (1-2mm), removes quantity of material large in dressing process, and obviously the method can not meet the requirement of the efficient finishing of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel.
Publication number is CN102601734A, the patent of invention that denomination of invention is " a kind of method of repairing emery wheel " discloses a kind of laser shaping method of form grinding emery wheel, it has solved artificial grinding method reconditioning high cost in the past, the problem that grinding efficiency is too low, but still there are following 2 problems in this technical scheme:
1) incident direction around the synthetic motion control laser beam of rotation of two axles by scanning galvanometer, directly causes three defects:
First, control difficulty is large.Because scanning galvanometer is distant apart from emery wheel, accurately control laser at the microdisplacement of wheel face, pass through formula
(or
) know that θ when r is very large (or ω) is very little, the anglec of rotation of scanning galvanometer (or angular speed) is very little, is difficult for realizing accurately controlling.
Secondly, the complicated moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel differing greatly for Configuration of Grinding-wheel Surface height is inapplicable.Configuration of Grinding-wheel Surface height differs greatly, and the angle of laser beam deflection will be larger, is reacted to and also can therefore amplifies the impact of crushing precision.
Again, also inapplicable for the larger moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel of thickness.The thickness of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel is larger, and the angle of same laser beam deflection will be larger, is reacted to and also can therefore amplifies the impact of crushing precision.
2) the reconditioning standard that grinding wheel will reach is not proposed, not yet propose a kind of suitable method make bonding agent that reconditioning process removes and abrasive particulate material minimum and do not remove too much material.
In existing document in the people < < laser reconditioning CBN emery wheel > > such as Li Li an ancient unit of weight and related application, respectively from laser radially with tangential two kinds of radiation modes labor the defect of circular Gaussian beam while carrying out laser reconditioning.
As shown in Figure 1, when light beam radially or tangential Uniform Scanning wheel face removes material, laser beam is along emery wheel radially during incident, and the diameter of the light beam of laser focusing bundle is gradual change, minimum with focal spot place beam diameter.If the power density at focal spot place is enough removed material, along optical axis direction Bright efficacy and density in a segment limit before and after focal spot, also often can remove material so, only get over off-focal, material removing rate is lower, so that reduces to zero.Figuratively, laser knife does not have clear and definite point of a knife, and when light beam is during at wheel face Uniform Scanning, it tends to remove uniformly layer of material, and can not correct the roundness deviation of emery wheel.
When laser beam is during along emery wheel grazing incidence, the power density distribution in the section of laser focusing bundle be usually by the Gaussian shaped profile that reduces gradually of mind-set edge, there is no clear and definite edge, the same uncertainty existing along grinding wheel radius direction trim locations.
But what mainly adopt during due to current trimming wheel is the Gaussian beam focusing on, be illustrated in figure 2 the existing a kind of Gaussian beam of focus type and a kind of index path of shaping super-abrasive grinding wheel radially of forming.The direct line focus lens focus of collimated laser beam that laser instrument sends penetrates and obtains the very little circular Gaussian beam of facula area, then through protection eyeglass import and export, is incident upon wheel face.But no matter circular focus gauss light beam is radially to repair or tangentially repair and all inevitably produce the indefinite defect in laser action region.
As shown in Figure 3, for Laser Focusing type Gaussian beam and the uniform rectangle collimated light beam of power density respectively with the schematic diagram of material effects.As seen from the figure, focus type Gaussian beam beam focus center power density is high, reaches the power density that material is removed, very fast but off-focal facula position power density reduces, and does not reach the power density of removing material.Therefore, focus type Gaussian beam can only ablation be removed the central area part of material.And collimated light beam is because power density is even, the direct whole rectangular area of ablation effect, being equivalent to has clear and definite " blade ".
Therefore, need badly and change existing focus type gauss laser beam, and provide a kind of laser trimming method that can meet the finishing of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel in conjunction with existing laser technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to provide a kind of in dressing process, the laser shaping method of the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel finishing that plastic precision is high, removal efficiency is high.The present invention adopts the collimated light beam of dispersing that high-precision diffraction optical element sends laser instrument to be shaped to the uniform rectangular light beam of laser power density, and the light beam after shaping can reach approximate parallel for the part of the central area that processes, and this part parallel length is about 5mm.A kind of method of the digital controlled tracing method shaping moulding hard grinding wheel perpendicular to bus is provided according to the feature of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, refer in the rotation process of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, adopt spot scan sensor accurately to detect whole moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography data, the data that detect and known moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface standard profile bus function are compared, determine the surplus that needs finishing.By numerical control programming, make two dimension NC auto displacement platform control laser beam and along predetermined nominal contour bus, remove the part of these protrusions, until laser beam is fed to laser beam predetermined profile lopcus function k (y)+m along Z-direction.Now, show that surplus to be removed on moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel removed completely, show that shaping finishes.The pulsed optical fibre laser of combining with digital control system feeding carries out along circumferential surface shaping, having solved prior art dressing efficiency low, the problem that plastic precision is low to moulding hard grinding wheel.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of rectangle collimated light beam shaping moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 4, unlatching grinding machine, setting grinding machine spindle rotating speed is 60r/min;
The position of step 5, point of adjustment scanning shift sensor, makes to detect light beam and vertically aims at moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface;
This step mid point scanning shift installation of sensors is on sophisticated sensor displacement platform, and sophisticated sensor displacement platform is arranged on grinding machine; The installation site of adjustment precision sensor displacement platform on grinding machine, makes detection light beam that spot scan displacement transducer sends be parallel to Z direction and vertically aligns moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis;
The motion of adjustment precision sensor displacement platform Y-direction adjutage, make the periphery edge of the detection beam alignment moulding of spot scan displacement transducer, spot scan displacement transducer starts to detect moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface data, setting now spot scan displacement transducer luminous point place moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface location is Y-direction benchmark 0 position, and moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis position is Z directional reference 0 position;
In this step, sophisticated sensor displacement platform make spot scan displacement transducer with the speed set along grinding wheel spindle to feeding evenly, spot scan displacement transducer starts to detect wheel face height data, records and after this puts displacement transducer from the data of the measured moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography height of 0 beginning of Y-direction benchmark;
The position of step 9, adjusting ablative laser light beam, sets laser reconditioning parameter, repairs moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel until shaping finishes;
In this step, in with the formed XY plane of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, laser beam is perpendicular to Y-direction and through moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, and the center of rectangular laser bundle parallel length part is dropped on moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, the parallel portion that makes moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis vertically divide rectangular laser bundle equally.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) adopt the collimated light beam of dispersing that high-precision diffraction optical element sends laser instrument to be shaped to the uniform rectangle collimated light beam of laser power density, and the approximate parallel length of the light beam after shaping is partly about 5mm.The circular Gaussian beam of the machining beams that prior art is used for focusing on, beam diameter is gradual change, and laser power density curvilinear motion with the variation of beam diameter size, when causing adopting this light beam trimming wheel, there is no clear and definite " blade ", removal quantity of material is few and scope is uncertain.And while adopting the uniform parallel laser light beam finishing of power density moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, laser power density is directly raised to maximum along the edge of whole rectangle by 0, is uniformly within the scope of whole rectangular light spot, has had clear and definite " blade ".Therefore, the region of rectangular laser bundle removal material is determined, has avoided the uncertainty of the Gaussian beam zone of action, has avoided the hot spot that cannot reach removal material power density around Gaussian beam to not needing the part of removing to produce additional heat damage.Meanwhile, rectangular light beam material removal amount is large, and removal efficiency is high.
2) the method applied in the present invention is specially adapted to the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel of various curved surfaces.Different moulding superabrasive wheels, only need to convert the nominal contour bus function of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, control laser beam and move and remove the surplus part of protruding along the nominal contour bus of this moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, just can realize the shaping along circumferential surface of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel.
3) a kind of accurate detection method has been proposed.Adopt high efficiency, high-precision spot scan displacement transducer, suitable sensor parameters is set, the surface that moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel is close to all standing formula is detected, and Configuration of Grinding-wheel Surface has been reacted in a large amount of data surface data acquisitions preferably.
4) high-precision track finishing.By the two-axle interlocking of numerical control two-dimensional stage, can realize accurate feed motion.To realize laser beam perpendicular to the motion of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel nominal contour bus, than the finishing of each point in whole peripheral curved.Adopt the shaping methods of rectangle collimated light beam once to repair and can be effective, efficiency improves a lot.Improve the dressing accuracy of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface simultaneously, extended the service life of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel.
5) by a kind of computational methods of appropriate design, just make that moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface protrudes, unnecessary material be removed, solved the too much problem of the inaccurate even removal amount of prior art removal amount.Meanwhile, this algorithm only limits to subtraction to the processing of data.Therefore,, although computer need to be processed large batch of data, processing speed is still very fast.Be convenient to systematization and the automation of the equipment of realizing, this has also indirectly improved the dressing efficiency of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the form of laser beam incident super-abrasive grinding wheel
Wherein: laser beam 01 is radially incident; Laser beam 02 is grazing incidence;
Fig. 2 is an ablation focused light passages schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that focus type Gaussian beam and rectangle collimated light beam are removed material schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is laser beam shaping light path system;
Fig. 5 is diffraction optical element schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is diffraction optical element beam shaping design sketch;
Fig. 7 is diffraction optical element pictorial diagram;
Fig. 8 is rectangle collimated light beam method finishing moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel system schematic;
Fig. 9 is that spot scan displacement transducer detects moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel system schematic;
Figure 10 is that spot scan displacement transducer detects the schematic diagram that hot spot covers whole moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel;
Figure 11 is the image H (K) that the data of spot scan displacement transducer collection generate;
Figure 12 is the data that the part spot scan displacement transducer of intercepting gathers;
Figure 13 is h (Y) functional arrangement that sampled data generates;
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the same coordinate system compacted under super-abrasive grinding wheel profile comparison;
Figure 15 is the actual comparison diagram of the same coordinate system compacted under super-abrasive grinding wheel profile;
Figure 16 is rectangle collimated light beam position adjustments schematic diagram;
Wherein: 1-laser beam; 2-condenser lens; 3-protects eyeglass, 4-emery wheel, 5-beam expanding lens; 6-diffraction optical element; 7-parallel length, 8-grinding machine, 9-grinding machine spindle; 10-power meter; 11-moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, 12-ablative laser light beam, 13-laser ablation head; 14-two dimension NC auto displacement platform Y-direction adjutage; 15-two dimension NC auto displacement platform Z-direction adjutage, 16-spot scan displacement transducer, 17-detection laser light beam; 18-sophisticated sensor displacement platform Y-direction adjutage, 19-sophisticated sensor displacement platform Z-direction adjutage.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, 4-16 is elaborated to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 8, the system that the invention provides a kind of rectangle collimated light beam shaping moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, wherein, this system is by grinding machine 1, laser ablation head 13, two dimension NC auto displacement platform 14,15, spot scan displacement transducer 16, sophisticated sensor displacement platform 18,19, computer, power meter 10 compositions such as grade.Moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel to be trimmed is arranged on grinding machine spindle, and spot scan displacement transducer is arranged on sophisticated sensor displacement platform, and the motion by sensor displacement platform realizes the detection to wheel face data.According to the two dimension NC auto displacement platform of nominal contour bus numerical control programming, drive ablation head constantly along nominal contour bus, to remove the surplus of protruding, until finishing finishes.
In this embodiment, described laser instrument is pulsed optical fibre laser laser instrument, wavelength is 1064nm, and peak power output is 0-50W, repetition rate 40kHz-200kHz, pulse width 120ns, has high pulse energy (up to 160 μ J), high light beam quality (M simultaneously
2<1.5); Described moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel width is 13mm, diameter 200mm, internal diameter 32mm, abrasive grain layer thickness 5mm, abrasive particle size 100 orders.The maximum sampling number of the described spot scan displacement transducer based on CCD is 65537, and the sampling period is 20us-1ms, and the LASER Light Source of this sensor emission is spot light, spot size is φ 70um, focal length is 80mm, and measurement category is: 80 ± 15mm, accuracy of detection can reach 0.2um.
On the basis of said system, the present invention proposes a kind of method of rectangle collimated light beam shaping moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) collimated light beam being sent by laser instrument expands through beam expanding lens; the collimated light beam of dispersing that light beam after expanding sends laser instrument through high-precision diffraction optical element is shaped to the uniform rectangle collimated light beam of laser power density, and the light beam after shaping is through the output of protection eyeglass.Concrete light path as shown in Figure 4.
In this step, the collimated light beam that laser instrument sends expands through beam expanding lens, can reduce the angle of divergence of Gaussian beam, is conducive to the focusing of light beam, and the gauss light beam waist radius of exporting through beam expanding lens is 5mm, angle of divergence 10mrad.
In this step, light beam can be shaped to rectangular light spot and circular light spot, compares with circular light spot, and rectangular light spot material removal amount is large, and efficiency is higher.Meanwhile, the desired removal power density of the abrasive particle of moulding super hard abrasive is 10
8-10
10w/cm
2in, for assurance material, can remove smoothly, the facula area after shaping can not be excessive.Therefore, the target hot spot of shaping can be determined the size of rectangular light beam and is: length * wide=0.5 * 0.3mm.
In this step, the schematic diagram of diffraction optical element shaping gauss laser beam acquisition rectangle flat-top hot spot as shown in Figure 5.During Gaussian beam process diffraction optical element, optical element finally makes light beam form the rectangular light spot shown in Fig. 5 through repeatedly changing the phase place of light beam.Compare with Gaussian beam, the rectangular light beam power density after shaping is more even.Under same laser power, the heat effect of rectangular light beam and material is more abundant, and the zone of action is clear and definite, and material removal effect is better.Be illustrated in figure 6 the design sketch that the collimated light beam of dispersing is shaped as to the uniform rectangle collimated light beam of laser power density.According to SA algorithm, (simulated annealing) designs and produces this diffraction optical element, and its major parameter is: diameter 30mm, and longitudinal number of steps 8 rank, output aperture 3.5mm, operating distance 200mm, Pixel Dimensions can reach 100 * 100um
2.As shown in Figure 7, be high-precision diffraction optical element of the present invention.
(2) determine the standard emery wheel model of emery wheel to be trimmed, ignore the pit of the outstanding height of grain of wheel face and bonding agent layer, according to its desirable definite emery wheel model of continuously smooth profile traces line; The unified bus function of standard emery wheel model is imported to the digital control system of computer and two-dimensional stage, and to two-dimensional stage, carry out numerical control programming according to this unified bus, laser ablation head is arranged in numerical control two-dimensional stage, makes the laser beam that laser ablation hair goes out perpendicular to emery wheel bus, carry out back and forth movement at the periphery of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel.
For the emery wheel of certain model, ignore the pit of the outstanding height of grain of wheel face and bonding agent layer, according to its desirable definite emery wheel model of continuously smooth profile traces line, be the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel model of standard.By detecting each standard forming super-abrasive grinding wheel, all can determine that its nominal contour bus function is k (y).
(3) definition grinding machine kinetic coordinate system, moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis direction is Y-direction, and vertical direction is Z direction, and horizontal vertical is directions X in Y-direction.Moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel is arranged on grinding machine spindle.Power meter is arranged on the emery wheel opposite side relative with laser ablation head.
Wherein, power meter, for receiver radiation laser out, prevents from causing security incident.
(4) open grinding machine, set grinding machine spindle rotating speed;
After in this step, grinding machine powers on, it is 60r/min that grinding machine spindle rotating speed is set on the control panel of grinding machine.Moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel starts along with grinding machine spindle rotation, treats that stabilization of speed carries out next step operation.
(5) position of point of adjustment scanning shift sensor, makes to detect hot spot and aims at moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface.
This step mid point scanning shift installation of sensors is on sophisticated sensor displacement platform, and sophisticated sensor displacement platform is arranged on grinding machine.Constantly the installation site of adjustment precision sensor displacement platform on grinding machine, makes the detection light beam of spot scan displacement transducer be parallel to Z direction vertical forming super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis.The motion of adjustment precision sensor displacement platform Z-direction adjutage, making spot scan displacement transducer is 80mm left and right apart from the height of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, guarantees that moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel is within spot scan sensor detection range; The motion of adjustment precision sensor displacement platform Y-direction adjutage, make the detection hot spot of spot scan displacement transducer just aim at the periphery edge of moulding, now spot scan displacement transducer can just detect moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface data, setting now spot scan displacement transducer luminous point place moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface location is Y-direction benchmark 0 position, and moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis position is Z directional reference 0 position.
(6) set sophisticated sensor displacement platform Y-direction adjutage movement velocity, by spot scan displacement transducer, gather moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface data to be trimmed, and import computer, obtain moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel topography measurement value function h (Y)
As shown in Figure 9, spot scan displacement transducer detects moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel schematic diagram.
In this step, spot scan displacement transducer altogether image data is D=65537, and the width of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel is B=13mm.For guarantee point scanning shift sensor can intactly gather whole moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface data.In the process of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel rotation, spot scan displacement transducer moves to the other end from moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel one end just, and the sampling time equals run duration.Providing along the movement velocity of the precise displacement sensor displacement platform Y-direction adjutage of emery wheel axial feed motion to spot scan displacement transducer is V=grinding wheel width B/ sampling time t, t=sampling period T in formula * total sampling number D.
In this step, according to the characteristic of spot scan displacement transducer image data, the setting sensor sampling period is T=100us.
In this step, sophisticated sensor displacement platform make spot scan displacement transducer with the speed set along grinding wheel spindle to feeding evenly, spot scan displacement transducer starts to detect wheel face height data.Record after this spot scan displacement transducer and from 0 of Y-direction benchmark, start the data of measured moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography height.
In this step, by sampling, started to finish to sampling, sampling number increases to 65536 from 0.Detect schematic diagram that hot spot covers whole wheel face as shown in figure 10.Spot light has almost intactly covered the surface of whole emery wheel with the track of helix.And between hot spot and hot spot, have certain overlappingly, reacted well emery wheel appearance.
In this step, spot scan displacement transducer is from 0 beginning of benchmark along moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel axial feed to the end of moving, and sensor has detected 0-65536, altogether the data of 65537 points.As shown in figure 11, provide the data that operative sensor detects.Thus, take as shown in figure 12 and detect the counting as abscissa of data, the number of setting up an office is for K, and wheel face height data are ordinate, are made as H (K), and each point smooth connection is got up to generate a complete curve map.In Figure 12, functional digraph is on computers the outline data function H (K) that the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface that generates detects.
In this step, establish Y=K * T * V, count as K, this Y can represent that K point that any one spot scan displacement transducer detects is in the position along in emery wheel axial displacement, above substitution, the computing formula of V in step, can obtain Y=13 * K/65537, and Y constantly changes with sampling number K.Concrete is: during K=0, and Y=0, corresponding original position origin of coordinates Y=0; During K=1, Y=13/65537=1.9836e-4; During K=2, Y=13 * 2/65537=3.9672e-4; K=During K=65537, Y=13.Y is the upper discrete point (0≤y≤13) of y, as shown in figure 10.The Configuration of Grinding-wheel Surface data that spot scan displacement transducer detects are discrete data that change with the variation of Y.Can obtain thus one about the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel topography measurement value function h (Y) of Y, functional digraph as shown in figure 13.In Figure 13, because data volume is large, some data solid matter has become line, and this figure is discrete some datagraphic in fact.
In this step, close spot scan displacement transducer, moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography Data Detection finishes.
(7) utilize computer that the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography data that detect and known moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface standard profile bus function are compared, obtain function f (Y)=h (Y)-k (Y)
In this step, according to known moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface standard profile bus function, be k (y), this k (y) is continuous function.Y is the upper discrete point of y, utilize computer to calculate f (Y)=h (Y)-k (Y), in formula, Y is the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis direction displacement data Y recording, the surface height situation after f in formula (Y) is the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel pattern that detects and standard forming super-abrasive grinding wheel and compares.
In this step, as shown in figure 14, the process that computer calculates f (Y) is: computer reads the data of first collection, point be numbered 0, corresponding H (0)=2.0846; Calculate Y=0 * T * V=0 now, corresponding have a value h (0)=2.0846; Now, calculate y=0, according to function, can obtain k (0)=0.4000; F (0)=2.0446 now.The next one is numbered 1 beginning to carry out successively from counting, until 65536; Complete the computational process of 65537 sampled datas altogether.
(8) computer, by finding out f (Y) minimum of a value min f (Y)=f (a), is determined laser beam predetermined profile lopcus function and moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface standard profile function difference m.
In this step, computer is found out f (Y) minimum of a value min f (Y)=f (a), Y point position now must the track in a standard on, the digital controlled tracing that laser beam is set above along this is tangentially repaired, remove the height part of protruding, can make moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel obtain good surface profile.If m is under same coordinate system, laser beam predetermined profile lopcus function and moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface standard profile function difference.By f (Y), obtain minimum of a value minf (Y)=f (a), have f (a)=h (a)-k (a), now, just meet m=f (a).
In this embodiment, a is f (y) corresponding Y value while obtaining minimum of a value, Y=33769.In Figure 15, provided concrete Y value.
(9) regulate the position of ablative laser light beam, set laser reconditioning parameter, repair moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel until shaping finishes.
In this step, in with the formed XY plane of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, laser beam is perpendicular to Y-direction and through moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, and the center of rectangular laser bundle parallel length part is dropped on moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, the parallel portion that makes moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis vertically divide rectangular laser bundle equally.As shown in Figure 16.Displacement in Z direction upper feeding (k (0)+m+d) length.Be fed in the Y direction original y=0 place.Make light beam just aim at a moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel lateral edges to be trimmed.
In this step, because the form error of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel can reach 1-2mm, and laser facula size is limited, cannot directly remove larger projection, a reserved finishing surplus d.D is wherein taken as d=3mm.
In this step, set laser reconditioning parameter, power P=40W, repetition rate=100kHz, make laser beam along the digital controlled tracing back and forth movement of setting to two-dimensional stage in advance, in the process of motion, remain a constant speed, and when going to the end points of track, control small surplus 150um of two-dimensional stage Z axis feeding at every turn at every turn.Until laser beam is fed to laser beam predetermined profile lopcus function k (y)+m along Z-direction.Now, show that surplus to be removed on moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel removed completely, show that shaping finishes.Close laser instrument and grinding machine.
Although at length disclose the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing, it should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary, be not used for limiting application of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is limited by accessory claim, and can be included in various modification, remodeling and the equivalents of doing for invention in the situation that does not depart from protection domain of the present invention and spirit.
Claims (1)
1. a method for rectangle collimated light beam shaping moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the collimated light beam being sent by laser instrument expand through beam expanding lens, the collimated light beam of dispersing that light beam after expanding sends laser instrument through diffraction optical element is shaped to the uniform rectangle collimated light beam of laser power density, and the light beam after shaping is through the output of protection eyeglass;
Step 2, determining the standard emery wheel model of emery wheel to be trimmed, ignore the pit of the outstanding height of grain of wheel face and bonding agent layer, is k (y) according to the nominal contour bus function of the definite emery wheel model of its desirable continuously smooth profile traces line; Nominal contour bus function k (y) track of standard emery wheel model is imported to the digital control system of computer and two-dimensional stage, and to two-dimensional stage, carry out numerical control programming according to this standard trajectory, laser ablation head is arranged in numerical control two-dimensional stage, makes the laser beam that laser ablation hair goes out perpendicular to emery wheel bus, carry out back and forth movement at the periphery of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel;
Step 3, definition grinding machine kinetic coordinate system, moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis direction is Y-direction, and vertical direction is Z direction, and horizontal vertical is directions X in Y-direction; Moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel is arranged on grinding machine spindle; Power meter is arranged on the emery wheel opposite side relative with laser ablation head;
Step 4, unlatching grinding machine, setting grinding machine spindle rotating speed is 60r/min;
The position of step 5, point of adjustment scanning shift sensor, makes to detect light beam and vertically aims at moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface;
This step mid point scanning shift installation of sensors is on sophisticated sensor displacement platform, and sophisticated sensor displacement platform is arranged on grinding machine; The installation site of adjustment precision sensor displacement platform on grinding machine, makes detection light beam that spot scan displacement transducer sends be parallel to Z direction and vertically aligns moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis;
The motion of adjustment precision sensor displacement platform Y-direction adjutage, make the periphery edge of the detection beam alignment moulding of spot scan displacement transducer, spot scan displacement transducer starts to detect moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface data, setting now spot scan displacement transducer luminous point place moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface location is Y-direction benchmark 0 position, and moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis position is Z directional reference 0 position;
Step 6, by spot scan displacement transducer, gather moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface data to be trimmed, and import computer, according to the data that detect, generate moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel topography measurement value function h (Y);
In this step, sophisticated sensor displacement platform make spot scan displacement transducer with the speed set along grinding wheel spindle to feeding evenly, spot scan displacement transducer starts to detect wheel face height data, records and after this puts displacement transducer from the data of the measured moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography height of 0 beginning of Y-direction benchmark;
Step 7, utilize computer that the moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface topography data that detect and known moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface standard profile bus function are compared, obtain function f (Y)=h (Y)-k (Y);
Step 8, computer, by finding out f (Y) minimum of a value min f (Y)=f (a), are determined laser beam predetermined profile lopcus function and moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel surface standard profile function difference m;
The position of step 9, adjusting ablative laser light beam, sets laser reconditioning parameter, repairs moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel until shaping finishes;
In this step, in with the formed XY plane of moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, laser beam is perpendicular to Y-direction and through moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, and the center of rectangular laser bundle parallel length part is dropped on moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis, the parallel portion that makes moulding super-abrasive grinding wheel centre of gyration axis vertically divide rectangular laser bundle equally.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310593958.1A CN103600296A (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2013-11-21 | Method for using rectangular parallel light beams for shaping and forming ultra-hard grinding wheel |
| CN201410059713.5A CN103802027B (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-21 | A kind of method of rectangle shaping super-abrasive grinding wheel of collimated beam shaping |
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| CN201310593958.1A CN103600296A (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2013-11-21 | Method for using rectangular parallel light beams for shaping and forming ultra-hard grinding wheel |
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| CN201410059713.5A Active CN103802027B (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-21 | A kind of method of rectangle shaping super-abrasive grinding wheel of collimated beam shaping |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107443249A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-12-08 | 株式会社捷太格特 | Grinder system |
| CN108081137A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of emery wheel double excitation trimming device and method with gas-liquid parallel connection tubular type |
| CN113172342A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-07-27 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Laser processing device and method for diamond surface planarization processing |
| CN114346619A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-15 | 成都宝利根创科电子有限公司 | Circumferential tooth indexing machining method |
| CN114523418A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-24 | 湖南科技大学 | Laser large-cutting-depth trimming device and method for formed grinding wheel |
| CN114972227A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-30 | 大连交通大学 | Method for measuring porosity of grinding wheel |
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| CN108747825B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2020-04-21 | 湖南大学 | Laser trimming and forming grinding wheel device based on visual detection and trimming method thereof |
| CN111931117B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2024-01-26 | 沈阳工业大学 | Rapid prediction method for removal rate of spiral curved surface grinding material |
| CN113231963B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-11-26 | 湖南大学 | Double-deflection light beam shaping device for concave surface forming grinding wheel and machining method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61103776A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-05-22 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Dressing method of grindstone |
| US6793562B2 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2004-09-21 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Grinder and method of and apparatus for non-contact conditioning of tool |
| CN1586816A (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2005-03-02 | 上海交通大学 | Device and method for continuous laser sharpening resin binder grinding wheel |
| CN201455807U (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-05-12 | 湖南大学 | Laser finishing device for grinding wheel |
| CN101642895B (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-06-29 | 湖南大学 | Laser trimming method for super-abrasive grinding wheel |
| CN102601734A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-07-25 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | Method for polishing grinding wheels |
-
2013
- 2013-11-21 CN CN201310593958.1A patent/CN103600296A/en not_active Withdrawn
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2014
- 2014-02-21 CN CN201410059713.5A patent/CN103802027B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107443249A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-12-08 | 株式会社捷太格特 | Grinder system |
| CN108081137A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of emery wheel double excitation trimming device and method with gas-liquid parallel connection tubular type |
| CN113172342A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-07-27 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Laser processing device and method for diamond surface planarization processing |
| CN113172342B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-08-18 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Laser processing device and method for diamond surface planarization processing |
| CN114346619A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-15 | 成都宝利根创科电子有限公司 | Circumferential tooth indexing machining method |
| CN114523418A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-24 | 湖南科技大学 | Laser large-cutting-depth trimming device and method for formed grinding wheel |
| CN114972227A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-30 | 大连交通大学 | Method for measuring porosity of grinding wheel |
| CN114972227B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2024-04-16 | 大连交通大学 | Grinding wheel porosity identification method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103802027B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| CN103802027A (en) | 2014-05-21 |
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