CN102107376B - Process chain method for realizing optimal grinding efficiency and quality - Google Patents
Process chain method for realizing optimal grinding efficiency and quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN102107376B CN102107376B CN201010591019XA CN201010591019A CN102107376B CN 102107376 B CN102107376 B CN 102107376B CN 201010591019X A CN201010591019X A CN 201010591019XA CN 201010591019 A CN201010591019 A CN 201010591019A CN 102107376 B CN102107376 B CN 102107376B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process chain method for realizing the optimal grinding efficiency and quality. The method comprises the following steps of: performing a high-speed or ultrahigh-speed grinding process test in order to fulfill the aims of acquiring higher grinding efficiency and certain machining accuracy on a workpiece material under the same machine tool and grinding wheels of the same model; analyzing to obtain relations among the grinding efficiency, workpiece surface quality, subsurface damage and each grinding working condition; combining each optimal grinding working condition for machining, performing a finishing process with the grinding depth of zero and achieving the highest grinding efficiency on the premise of guaranteeing the final machining quality of a part; and determining the optimal process route to realize clamping and positioning on the same grinding machine one time so as to finish rough machining and finish machining of a workpiece. By the method, a grinding process route with the optimal efficiency and quality is obtained by precisely analyzing the grinding conditions and grinding surface/subsurface quality, so that the grinding machining efficiency can be greatly improved, a cutting process and the machining period of the part are reduced, and the utilization rate of equipment is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to realize the technology chain method of material grinding efficient and quality optimization; Particularly need use grinding and remove the material cutting process; Or other cutting process, the material working angles that matches like turning, milling etc. and grinding.
Background technology
Many parts need multiple tracks cut operation just can reach desired shape and size precision and surface quality.Grinding is a kind of method for fine finishing, can obtain very high machining accuracy and surface quality, but working (machining) efficiency is extremely low.So requirement on machining accuracy is higher, and remove the also bigger part of surplus, usually earlier through roughing such as turning, milling or corase grind, and then half correct grinding processing, correct grinding reaches the final machining accuracy and the surface quality requirement of part at last.Such process often will could be accomplished through the multiple clamping location on many lathes.This has increased the consumption and the process-cycle of equipment and anchor clamps undoubtedly, and machining accuracy also is affected in different clamping processes.Simultaneously because the operation of a plurality of apparatus processing needs to take the workshop area more.Such as, the engineering ceramics part need pass through the turning processing of diamond bit usually, and skive is corase grind, half correct grinding and correct grinding processing then.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is; Defective to the prior art existence; A kind of technology chain method that realizes grinding efficient and quality optimization is proposed; Can be implemented in the last clamping of same grinding machine location and accomplish the roughing and the fine finishining of workpiece, improve the working (machining) efficiency of workpiece, reduce manufacturing procedure and process equipment.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that the technology chain method of said realization grinding efficient and quality optimization comprises:
(1) to workpiece material under lathe, same model emery wheel on the same stage, carry out high speed or ultrahigh speed high efficient grinding engineer testing; Test comprises two parts: first in order to obtain the test of higher grinding efficiency, allows damage to produce; Second portion is to obtain the correct grinding test that certain machining accuracy is a target; High speed or ultrahigh speed high efficient grinding are meant that speed of grinding wheel is 50m/s～200m/s, the grinding of grinding depth 0.1～30mm; Workpiece material comprises the various metals that harden, obdurability and hard crisp difficult-to-machine material;
(2) analyze grinding efficient, workpiece surface quality, sub-surface damage the relation that draws with each grinding operating mode; The grinding operating mode is meant grinding speed, workpiece feed speed and the grinding depth etc. in the flat surface grinding; Grinding speed, headstock rotating speed, feeding depth and feed speed etc. in cylindrical and the non-circle contour grinding;
(3) each is optimized the grinding operating mode and make up, be used for part processing, carrying out grinding depth again is zero tarry matter processing, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the final crudy of part, makes that grinding efficiency is the highest;
Optimizing the grinding operating mode is that workpiece surface quality is good, sub-surface damage is minimum, the grinding operating mode when grinding is most effective;
(4) confirm optimum process route, be implemented in roughing and fine finishining that workpiece is accomplished in the last clamping of same grinding machine location.
Below the present invention made further specify.
Grinding is big negative rake cut, and its damage type mainly contains the damage that fire damage and normal force cause, comprises various burns, residual tension, surface/sub-surface damage and crackle etc.Under certain conditions of machine tool and cooling condition, lesion depths and grinding operating mode have regular relation.Just can come grinding damage is control effectively through changing the grinding operating mode.The present invention is based on engineer testing widely, under different grinding operating modes (parameter), the situation of grinding surface roughness, surface topography and surface/sub-surface damage is carried out detail knowledge to workpiece.Such as, need grind, polish and corrode the degree of depth of understanding sub-surface damage and micro-crack under each grinding operating mode (parameter) the side of vertical machined surface hard brittle materials such as engineering ceramics; Need understand the situation of tempering burn and secondary quenching depth of burn through detecting the method for inferior surface microscopic hardness of grinding or metallographic observation to metal materials such as hardened steels.It is qualified having had only to the situation detail knowledge on surface of the work under the different operating modes or inferior surface the quality that just can guarantee according to the workpiece of the technology chain processing of optimizing.
Know by above; The present invention is a kind of technology chain method that realizes grinding efficient and quality optimization; It draws the grinding technique route of efficient and quality optimization based on the Accurate Analysis to grinding condition and grinding skin/inferior surface quality, can greatly improve grinding efficient; Reduce Cutting Parts processing link and process-cycle, improve usage ratio of equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 optimizes the technology chain sketch map; Wherein, total removal surplus degree of depth of part is H, divides n feeding that it is removed, and each grinding depth is a
Pi(i=1,2,3 ... N), the damage layer depth of generation is h
i(i=1,2,3 ... N), be zero tarry matter for feeding for the last time wherein.
Fig. 2 (a) (b) (c) is the surface roughness value of camshaft under the different operating modes;
Fig. 3 (a) (b) (c) is the surface microscopic hardness of camshaft under the different operating modes;
Zirconia stereoscan photograph when Fig. 4 is different grinding depth; Wherein, (a) be grinding depth a
p=1mm,
(b) be grinding depth a
p=3mm (c) is grinding depth a
p=4mm (d) is grinding depth a
p=6mm; Workpiece feed speed v
w=20mm/s, grinding speed v
s=120m/s;
Fig. 5 (a) is the transversal crack of the sub-surface damage layer of PSZ (b); Wherein, v
s=160m/s, v
w=1200mm/min., a
p=6mm;
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: with widely used 45
#The hardened steel camshaft is an example.
Hardened steel be organized as tempered martensite, micro-hardness reaches HV700kgf/mm
2, plasticity and thermal conductivity factor are all extremely low.Because traditional grinding of hardened steel half essence and the accurately machined amount of feeding generally are merely tens microns to tens microns; Make the existing processing method of hardened steel camshaft be generally and on general-purpose grinder, adopt the white fused alumina emery wheel it to be roughly ground, on numerically control grinder, adopt the CBN abrasive grinding wheel that it is carried out half smart and correct grinding processing then with the linear velocity of 30m/s.The present invention is with 45
#The hardened steel camshaft is an object, on the non-circle contour cylindrical grinder of ultrahigh speed, adopts 120
#Vitrified bond CBN emery wheel carries out high speed/superhigh speed grinding processing.
In order to check grinding quality, measured the surface roughness of workpiece; Be the assessment grinding burn, the surface microscopic hardness of workpiece is detected; The result is:
Can know that by Fig. 2 the surface roughness value of processed camshaft all meets the demands, R
aLittle 0.4 micron; Reduce along with grinding speed increases surface roughness value, and except the operating mode of 60m/s, the variation of surface roughness value is little; Basic circle rotating speed and monolateral amount of feeding his-and-hers watches The surface roughness affected are little;
Can be known by Fig. 3, be under the operating mode of 60m/s at grinding speed, and the tempering burn has taken place in grinding process workpiece, and case hardness reduces, and will cause the wearability of part to reduce.The micro-hardness of all the other each operating modes shows not have burn and take place, and is all right.
Can know grinding speed v by above experimental result
s, basic circle rotation speed n, monolateral input (grinding depth) a that gives
pSelection be to select for use except that v
s=60m/s, n=100rpm, a
pAny grinding parameter that=0.1mm is outer is as adopting v
s=120m/s, n=100rpm, a
p=0.2mm or v
s1200m/s, n=200rpm, a
pThe operating mode of=0.1mm is carried out roughing and semifinishing to it, adopts v
s=120m/s, n=100rpm, a
pThe operating mode of=0.05mm is finish grinded it, does not have the tarry matter processing of feeding at last.
Embodiment 2: with partial stabilization zirconium oxide ceramic piece exemplar is example.
The partial stabilization zirconium oxide ceramic piece is typical hard crisp difficult-to-machine material, adopts traditional Grinding Technology, and grinding efficiency is very low, generally maintains 10mm
3About/mms.The present invention adopts 120 on ultrahigh speed flat surface grinding experimental bench
#The resinoid bond skive carries out grinding to the yittrium oxide partial stabilization zirconium oxide ceramic.And finished surface and inferior surface quality assessed, optimize grinding process.The result is:
Can be known that by Fig. 4 the zirconia grinding skin mainly is made up of plasticity groove, smooth domain, coating region and brittle fracture district, plasticity is removed vestige and is reduced to some extent along with the raising of grinding depth, but changes not too obvious;
Fig. 5 has shown the transversal crack of the sub-surface damage layer of PSZ; In to the observation of PSZ test specimen sub-surface damage, just see inferior surperficial transversal crack once in a while; And the degree of depth of inferior remained on surface crackle all is not more than 10 μ m; And under different working conditions, there is not obvious variation yet.
Therefore, can carry out the processing of ultrahigh speed high efficient grinding to PSZ, grinding depth can reach 6mm, and material removal rate reaches 120mm
3/ mms follow-uply is aided with the efficient precise grinding that fine finishining that grinding depth is about tens microns just can realize this ceramic part, accomplishes the processing of part at clamping of same lathe.
Claims (1)
1. technology chain method that realizes grinding efficient and quality optimization is characterized in that this method comprises:
(1) to workpiece material under lathe, same model emery wheel on the same stage, carry out high speed or ultrahigh speed high efficient grinding engineer testing; Test comprises two parts: first in order to obtain the test of higher grinding efficiency, allows damage to produce; Second portion is to obtain the correct grinding test that certain machining accuracy is a target; High speed or ultrahigh speed high efficient grinding are meant that speed of grinding wheel is 50m/s～200m/s, the grinding of grinding depth 0.1～30mm; Workpiece material comprises the various metals that harden, obdurability and hard crisp difficult-to-machine material;
(2) analyze grinding efficient, workpiece surface quality, sub-surface damage the relation that draws with each grinding operating mode; The grinding operating mode is meant grinding speed, workpiece feed speed and the grinding depth in the flat surface grinding, grinding speed, headstock rotating speed, feeding depth and feed speed in cylindrical and the non-circle contour grinding;
(3) each is optimized the grinding operating mode and make up, be used for processing, carrying out grinding depth again is zero tarry matter processing, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the final crudy of part, makes that grinding efficiency is the highest;
Optimizing the grinding operating mode is that workpiece surface quality is good, sub-surface damage is minimum, the grinding operating mode when grinding is most effective; (4) confirm optimum process route, be implemented in roughing and fine finishining that workpiece is accomplished in the last clamping of same grinding machine location.
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| CN102107376B true CN102107376B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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| CN106181587B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-02-09 | 西北工业大学 | In-situ authigenic type TiB2 particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material grinding processing methods |
| CN106378495A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-02-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Gear precision machining method based on tooth surface low stress control |
| CN106424967B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-08-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of development of grinding parameter optimization model method based on Aeronautical Gears flank of tooth grinding burn control |
| CN111618665B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2022-03-29 | 南方科技大学 | High-efficiency low-damage processing method and processing device |
| CN114536108B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-04-25 | 江苏科技大学 | Cam swing grinding process parameter optimization method based on gray system |
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| CN1569395A (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-26 | 王泽民 | Design optimization and intelligent diagnosis and control expert system for honing technology |
| CN1788931A (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2006-06-21 | 湖南大学 | Highly effective deep-grinding process for engineering ceramic material |
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| DE10136742A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Method for characterizing the planarization properties of a consumable combination in a chemical-mechanical polishing process, simulation method and polishing method |
| TWI284584B (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2007-08-01 | Nat Univ Chung Cheng | Method for detecting the using condition and lifetime of the polish pad by sensing the temperature of the grinding interface during the chemical-mechanical polishing process |
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| CN1569395A (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-26 | 王泽民 | Design optimization and intelligent diagnosis and control expert system for honing technology |
| CN1788931A (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2006-06-21 | 湖南大学 | Highly effective deep-grinding process for engineering ceramic material |
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