CN103583425A - Wild rhinogobio ventralis continental rise pond net cage domestication method - Google Patents
Wild rhinogobio ventralis continental rise pond net cage domestication method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wild rhinogobio ventralis continental rise pond net cage domestication method. The method includes four key technical links of the link 1, domestication pond water quality cultivation and regulation and control, specifically, applying liquid state organic fertilizer, composite probiotics and bottom material improvers at regular intervals to carry out water quality cultivation and the regulation and control, the link 2, net case establishment, and specifically a net case is mainly composed of knotless netting and a stainless steel framework and meanwhile is provided with an aeration flow generating device, the link 3, polyculture of wild rhinogobio ventralis and megalobrama pellegrini, specifically, adopting the method that artificial culture breeds are cultured in a matched mode outside the net cage to carry out domestication of wild fishes, and the link 4, ingestion domestication, specifically, adopting the method of food calling first and domestication feeding second, namely, feeding biological baits first then gradually feeding artificial mixed feed. According to the method, domestication of the wild fishes is carried out in a manner that the flow generating type net case is erected in a continental rise pond, meanwhile, the technologies of the water quality regulation and control, polyculture and live bait food calling are utilized comprehensively, and therefore the adaptability of the wild fishes to the culture environment can be promoted, the survival rate of domestication can be improved, and the method has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rare Endemic fish cultural technique field, be specifically related to a kind of wild long Qi Wen Minnow continental rise pond net box domesticating method.
Background technology
Long Qi Wen Minnow is commonly called as foreign fish, and soil consumption youngster, is under the jurisdiction of Cyprinidae, Minnow subfamily, Wen Minnow and belongs to, and belongs to Middle And Upper Reaches of The Yangtze River Endemic fish, is mainly distributed in the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches flowing water system of Upper Yangtze River.Long Qi Wen Minnow meat fertilizer is tender, and delicious flavour, has higher economic worth.Yet in recent years because the reasons such as Yangtze Drainage Area Water Quality pollution, large hydraulic engineering construction and overfishing cause the wild resource amount of long Qi Wen Minnow sharply to decline.Therefore it is the rare Endemic fish protection of Upper Yangtze River work problem demanding prompt solution that propagation, how to strengthen its wild resource is recovered.
It is the important channel of improving water area ecological environment, recovery fishery resources, protection aquatile diversity and promoting fisheries sustainable development that fish multiplication is released; strengthen stock enhancement and release to recovering fishery resources, improve fishery production and quality all significant.First the enhancement releasing of realizing scale will solve artificial domesticating and cultivating technical barrier, yet there is not yet report for the domesticating breeding technology of wild long Qi Wen Minnow.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above problem; a kind of wild long Qi Wen Minnow continental rise pond net box domesticating method is provided; according to the biological property of long Qi Wen Minnow, build a kind of artificial domesticating and cultivating pattern that is applicable to its demand of growing; on this basis construction scale propagate population artificially, for the breakthrough of follow-up artificial propagation techniques provides material guarantee.
The invention provides a kind of wild long Qi Wen Minnow continental rise pond net box domesticating method, specifically comprise the following steps:
1) raising and train pond water quality cultivates and regulates and controls: use liquid fertilizer, compound probiotic and substrate modifier and carry out water quality cultivation and regulation and control, make to raise and train pond transparency and be controlled at 40-50cm, water temperature is 20-27 ℃, pH 8.0-8.6, dissolved oxygen>=5mg/L, NH
3-N≤0.1mg/L, NO
2-N≤0.05mg/L;
2) net cage builds: raise and train net cage main body by forming without tubercle etting and framework, be equipped with aeration simultaneously make stream device in net cage one side, make net cage inside and have current around, whole net cage suspends to be fixed on and raises and train in pond;
3) collocation is raised together with: wild long Qi Wen Minnow and the collocation of thick jaw triangular bream are raised together with, wherein in net cage, cultivate wild long Qi Wen Minnow, case overcoat is supported thick jaw triangular bream;
4) domestication of ingesting: adopt the method for " taming and dociling food after first food calling ", the biological feed of first throwing something and feeding is as its food, and progressively domestication turns food buoyancy manufactured feed again after the situation of ingesting is stable; Make full use of thick jaw triangular bream and can initiatively ingest the feature of manufactured feed to the wild fish inducing and acclimating of ingesting turning the food manufactured feed stage;
By above-mentioned steps, complete raising and train wild long Qi Wen Minnow.
In step 1), by building the stable ecosystem being formed by planktonic microalgae, zooplankton and probio, reduce water transparency, build dim environment, make water quality meet the condition of raising and train of long Qi Wen Minnow simultaneously.
Described liquid fertilizer Wei Liyang company's product " rich water peptide "; Compound probiotic Wei Liyang company product " sharp bacterium is many " and " three ring Vitality Sources ", substrate modifier Wei Liyang company product " end occupies peace ", but these liquid fertilizers, compound probiotic and substrate modifier are not unique selection, as long as other products can be adjusted the above-mentioned condition of raising and train, be also feasible.
Described step 2) in, by aeration, make the water velocity made after stream of stream device and be controlled in 0.1-0.5m/s, specifically according to long Qi Wen Minnow, at different phase gonad development, the demand of current is regulated and controled.
Further, described raising and train needs weekly water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, PH, the NH to water body in process
3-N and NO
2the indexs such as-N are monitored, and use in time according to the actual conditions of water quality index monitoring the regulation and administration that the medicine series such as compound probiotic, liquid fertilizer and substrate modifier carry out water quality, make it meet related request.
Making without tubercle etting employing polythene material of described net cage, framework adopts stainless steel material to make, and etting is connected with nylon cable tie binding with framework, and net cage is equipped with aeration and makes stream device; Whole net cage suspends to be fixed on by steel wire and raises and train in pond, at the bottom of net cage distance from bottom pond, is 30-50cm.
In preferred scheme, described net cage is long: wide: high standard is 1.5-2.0m:1.5-2.0m:0.8-1.0m, mesh 0.5-2.0cm.
Described wild long Qi Wen Minnow raises in net cage, and cultivation density is 3kg/m
3, in the outer pond of net cage, the cultivation density of the thick jaw triangular bream of cultivation is 0.5kg/ m
3.
The second filial fingerling that described thick jaw triangular bream is artificial propagation, the long 150-200mm of body, body weight 150-250g.Because thick jaw triangular bream can be cleared up the dirt adhering on cage netting, simultaneously it ingests very actively, can be good at driving wild fish to ingest, and improves that to tame and docile drinking water flat.
The complexity that fry is raised and train mainly determines by kind, the long fin kiss Minnow that this patent relates to be a kind of in flowing water environment viable demersal fishes, therefore propagate difficulty artificially larger.From size specification, the long and all less fry of body weight of body is more easily raised and train than adult fish, but the restriction fisherman who is subject to netting gear generally seldom can fish for fry, and the wild fish of purchase is all that specification is larger.The long 103-236mm of wild long Qi Wen Minnow body raising and train, body weight 22.1-279.2g, generally adopts and catches from river, Yibin, Jinsha jiang River section, but the river section of raising and train with surviving of fry does not have direct relation.
Described collocation is raised together with in step, first thick jaw triangular bream is placed in and raises and train pond, wild long Qi Wen Minnow is placed in storage pond, holding pond, until thick jaw triangular bream, raises after one week, the water temperature difference that pond and wild long Qi Wen Minnow storage pond, holding pond are raised and train in adjusting is in 2 ℃, wilder long Qi Wen Minnow is proceeded in the net cage of raising and train pond.
Described wild long Qi Wen Minnow and thick jaw gurnet kind are put into the 1-2h before pond, according to the consumption full pool spilling head plant polyose of 500g/ mu.
By research, find, the technological difficulties that wild long Qi Wen Minnow raises and train are:
1) long Qi Wen Minnow is a kind of demersal fishes that live in flowing water habitat, and under condition, it has higher requirement to the flow velocity of breeding water body and dissolved oxygen propagating artificially;
2) life habit of dwelling at the bottom of long Qi Wen Minnow has caused its phenomenon that cluster flocks together in the higher breeding water body of transparency very serious, the long-term cluster of wild long Qi Wen Minnow very easily forms local environment and worsens, and then outburst ich, directly cause raising and train work failure;
3) long Qi Wen Minnow is commonly called as native mouse, and it is very large that the feature of natural disposition timidity has determined that it is carried out to the difficulty that domestication ingests, and especially how to raise and train and impel the technology of its artifical compound feed of ingesting urgently to break through.
Owing to carrying out the mode of cage culture in river course, be restricted, the present invention takes to set up in continental rise pond the raising and train of pattern long Qi Wen Minnow of making flow pattern net cage.
First, by use the regulating and controlling water quality medicines such as liquid fertilizer, compound probiotic and substrate modifier in culturing pool, the stable ecosystem that structure is formed by zooplankton, phytoplankton and beneficial bacterium, build the good environmental condition of water quality, amount reproduction by planktonic microalgae reduces the transparency of raising and train water body, build dim living environment, solve the problem of long Qi Wen Minnow excessive cluster because fearing light, thereby reduce the probability of ich outburst.
Secondly, by set up the mode of net cage in culturing pool, the substrate of long Qi Wen Minnow and culturing pool is disengaged, reduced the possibility that worsens outburst disease because of bottom environment.
Simultaneously, for meeting the demand of long Qi Wen Minnow to breeding water body flow velocity and dissolved oxygen, the present invention installs and is provided with aeration and makes stream device in raising and train net cage, by interim regulation and control flow velocity, not only improved the survival level of raising and train, can effectively promote the gonad development of wild fish, solve the problem of gonad development sluggishness simultaneously.
Finally, aspect the tame and docile food of bait, the present invention adopts the method for " taming and dociling food after first food calling ", and incremental induction wild fish is initiatively ingested, in the early stage of wild fish domestication, use biological feed-water earthworm as its food, after the situation of ingesting is stable, progressively domestication turns food buoyancy manufactured feed again; Due to the habituation of wild fish manufactured feed technological difficulties of fish domestications often of initiatively ingesting, the present invention overlaps to support and robs the active thick jaw triangular bream of food, at biological feed and artifical compound feed translate phase, utilize thick jaw triangular bream can initiatively ingest the feature of manufactured feed to the wild long Qi Wen Minnow inductive education of ingesting, promote wild fish to propagating the adaptability of environment artificially, improve the survival level of domesticating and cultivating, lay on a large scale wild long Qi Wen Minnow resource.
Method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) the present invention is a kind of wild long Qi Wen Minnow continental rise pond net box domesticating method, by set up the mode of net cage in continental rise pond, raise and train wild long fin kiss Minnow, itself and bottom material of pond for breeding are disengaged, thereby avoid worsening because of substrate the probability of outburst disease, by aerator being installed in net cage one side, carry out people for making stream, from the flowing water habitat of the wild long fin kiss Minnow of hydrology angle simulation simultaneously;
2) the present invention adopts the medicine series such as liquid fertilizer, compound probiotic and substrate modifier to raise and train the comprehensive regulation of pond water quality, when reducing water transparency, optimized condition of water quality, reduce wild fish because of fear light generation stress, for it grows, provide good environment;
3) in the present invention, the domestication of ingesting of wild long fin kiss Minnow adopts the method for " taming and dociling food after first food calling ", utilizes thick jaw triangular bream can initiatively ingest the feature of manufactured feed to its inductive education of ingesting simultaneously, impels it to turn as early as possible food artifical compound feed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, but the scope of protection of present invention is not subject to the restriction of embodiment.
Example example 1:
Wild long fin kiss Minnow continental rise pond net box domesticating method practices at rare Endemic fish enhancement releasing station, the small stream Luo Du Xiang Jia of China Three Gorges Corporation dam, and concrete condition is as follows:
Wild long Qi Wen Minnow mainly adopts and catches from Yibin, Jinsha jiang River section, the long 103-236mm of wild long Qi Wen Minnow body raising and train, body weight 22.1-279.2g.According to set technical scheme, adopt and in continental rise pond, set up the pattern of making flow pattern net cage and carry out raising and train of wild fish, the method mainly comprises 4 key techniques: 1) raise and train pond water quality and cultivate and regulation and administration; 2) raise and train the structure with net cage; 3) wild long Qi Wen Minnow and the collocation of thick jaw triangular bream are raised together with; 4) domestication of ingesting.
Concrete operation step is as follows:
1) raising and train pond water quality cultivates and regulation and administration
The pond of raising and train of raising and train wild long Qi Wen Minnow is oval-shaped cement pit, area 178m
2, depth of water 1.4-1.5m, raises and train the middle part in pond and designs cement barricade, and the whole pond of raising and train forms the symmetrical structure centered by barricade.Net cage lower storage reservoir starts to carry out water quality cultivation work for first 1 week, mainly by using water transfer medicine, promotes in water that planktonic microalgae and zooplankton breed to form the stable ecosystem.Concrete operations are as follows: the cultivation work of water quality is chosen in fine day and carries out the morning, first according to the consumption of 400-500g/ mu, use liquid fertilizer (Li Yang company product " rich water peptide "), the rich water type bacillus (Li Yang company product " three ring Vitality Sources ") that while compounding application is activated, Term Fertilization process is opened paddle aerator and is constantly stirred to reach the mixed uniformly effect of fertility, and training water every morning in the stage unlatching aerator after base fertilizer is used stirs water 1-2h.The planktonic microalgae (Chlorophyta algae is main) of raising and train for after Term Fertilization 4-5 days in pond gets final product amount reproduction, and whole water body presents light green or yellowish green, now can fixedly start to carry out raising and train of wild fish by raising and train net cage lower storage reservoir.Growth Qi Wen Minnow out of office raises and train in process and utilizes weekly black and white dish to measure the transparency of water body, and transparency is controlled at 40-50cm and is advisable, if the liquid fertilizer of the thin supplementation administration in time of the too high water quality of transparency.In addition, also tackle other key water quality index of breeding water body and carry out periodic monitoring, monitoring index mainly comprises: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH, NH
3-N and NO
2-N, determines that according to the biological property of long Qi Wen Minnow the optimum range of above-mentioned water quality index is as follows: water temperature 20-27 ℃, pH8.0-8.6, dissolved oxygen>=5mg/L, NH
3-N≤0.1mg/L, NO
2-N≤0.05mg/L, uses according to the actual conditions of water quality index monitoring the regulation and administration that the medicine series such as compound probiotic, liquid fertilizer, multicomponent organic acid modifying agent and substrate modifier carry out water quality in time.
2) raise and train the structure with net cage
Raising and train the net cage that wild long Qi Wen Minnow uses is square structure, specification 1.5m * 1.5m * 0.8m that the wide * of long * is high, net cage main body consists of without tubercle etting and stainless steel frame polythene material, net cage mesh size is 2.0cm, square is made to avoid escaping fish in the top of net cage, and etting is connected with nylon cable tie binding with framework, in addition, demand according to wild long fin kiss Minnow growth to flowing water environment, has installed aeration in net cage one side and has made stream device.Wait raising and train after pond water quality cultivation work completes, net cage can raised and train in pond and install and fix.Because the wild long Qi Wen Minnow raising and train is for adapting to the high oxygen consumption fish of flowing water environment, therefore, raises and train net cage and be arranged near the water inlet of raising and train pond unimpeded to guarantee to greatest extent the current in net cage.Raise and train the mode that the fixedly employing steel wire of net cage hangs, on the pool wall top of aquaculture water mud sump, draw and establish steel wire, then by iron wire by net cage frame with draw the steel wire bundle of establishing to fix, about 50cm at the bottom of net cage distance from bottom pond.Water velocity can regulate and control the demand of current at different phase gonad development according to long Qi Wen Minnow within the scope of 0.1-0.5m/s.
3) wild long Qi Wen Minnow and the collocation of thick jaw triangular bream are raised together with
The mode that adopts long Qi Wen Minnow and the collocation of thick jaw triangular bream to raise together with is carried out the domestication of wild fish, and wild long Qi Wen Minnow concentrates in net cage and raises, and cultivation density is 3kg/m
3; Thick jaw triangular bream cultivates in pond outside net cage, is mainly used in regulating and controlling water quality, induces and ingest and etting cleaning, and cultivation density is 0.5kg/ m
3.Concrete operation method is as follows: raise and train pond water quality and cultivate and raise and train after net cage installs and fixedly complete, according to default density parameter, first thick jaw triangular bream is proceeded to and in flowing water pond, carry out preliminary examination water cultivation, for avoid environment change produce strongly stress, before fingerling lower storage reservoir, 1-2h is according to the consumption full pool spilling head plant polyose of 500g/ mu (Li Yang company product " activation ").Thick jaw triangular bream lower storage reservoir second day starts the buoyancy manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding on a small quantity, and the process of throwing something and feeding notes observing the feeding activity situation of fish.Within after thick jaw triangular bream lower storage reservoir one week, wild long Qi Wen Minnow can be proceeded to and raises and train net cage, before wild fish lower storage reservoir, same full pool spilling head plant polyose turns to reduce the stress reaction that fish produces, also should be watered temperature adjustment according to the temperature difference amplitude of raising and train pond and former storage pond, holding pond simultaneously, after temperature approaches (temperature difference is controlled in 2 ℃), again wild fish be proceeded to and raises and train net cage.
4) induce the domestication of ingesting
The concrete operation step of the tame and docile food process of wild long Qi Wen Minnow is as follows: after wild fish lower storage reservoir, second day starts the water earthworm of throwing something and feeding, throwing something and feeding of water earthworm adopts the mode of hanging bag, the water earthworm of processing through disinfection by ultraviolet light is wrapped in 20 object nylon gauzes, then the nylon gauze bag that is surrounded by bait is suspended on and raises and train net cage and ingest for wild fish, water earthworm 500g throws something and feeds at every turn, every other day throw something and feed 1 time, through 10-15 days habituation of wild fishes, start the water earthworm that normally ingests; According to this kind pattern of throwing something and feeding, continue domestication and start to turn food manufactured feed after 30 days.According to the caliber size of long Qi Wen Minnow, select the buoyancy manufactured feed of 1.0-2.0cm to tame, 2 difference of throwing something and feeding day between the lights 6:00 and night 10:00, concrete feeding volume is not set in domestication in earlier stage, can adopt the mode of throwing something and feeding in a large number, the manufactured feed that wild fish is not ingested can drift out net cage with current, remaining bait can be by raising and train the cleaning of ingesting in time of thick jaw triangular bream in pond, and the process that the while ingests thick jaw triangular bream has played to wild fish the inducing action of well ingesting.Utilize this kind of pattern to carry out ingesting training 15-20 days wild fish and start the manufactured feed of ingesting, after most of wild fish is ingested manufactured feed, quantitatively throw something and feed again, daily ration of feeding is controlled at 2%-3% and is advisable.
Production practices show: the domestication that utilizes technical scheme of the present invention to carry out wild long Qi Wen Minnow can significantly be shortened it artificial environment is adapted to the required time, greatly improve the survival level of raising and train, by the inductive education of ingesting, can effectively solve the ingest technical barrier of artifical compound feed of wild fish simultaneously, therefore, the present invention has good popularizing application prospect at the wild fish that adapts to torrent habitat aspect raising and train.
Claims (9)
1. wild long fin is kissed a Minnow continental rise pond net box domesticating method, it is characterized in that: specifically comprise the following steps:
1) raising and train pond water quality cultivates and regulates and controls: use liquid fertilizer, compound probiotic and substrate modifier and carry out water quality cultivation and regulation and control, make to raise and train pond transparency and be controlled at 40-50cm, water temperature is 20-27 ℃, pH 8.0-8.6, dissolved oxygen>=5mg/L, NH
3-N≤0.1mg/L, NO
2-N≤0.05mg/L;
2) net cage builds: raise and train net cage main body by forming without tubercle etting and framework, be equipped with aeration simultaneously make stream device in net cage one side, make net cage inside and have current around, whole net cage suspends to be fixed on and raises and train in pond;
3) collocation is raised together with: wild long Qi Wen Minnow and the collocation of thick jaw triangular bream are raised together with, wherein in net cage, cultivate wild long Qi Wen Minnow, case overcoat is supported thick jaw triangular bream;
4) domestication of ingesting: adopt the method for " taming and dociling food after first food calling ", the biological feed of first throwing something and feeding is as its food, and progressively domestication turns food buoyancy manufactured feed again after the situation of ingesting is stable; Make full use of thick jaw triangular bream and can initiatively ingest the feature of manufactured feed to the wild fish inducing and acclimating of ingesting turning the food manufactured feed stage;
By above-mentioned steps, complete raising and train wild long Qi Wen Minnow.
2. domesticating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2), by aeration, make the water velocity that stream device makes after stream and be controlled in 0.1-0.5m/s.
3. domesticating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described net cage without tubercle etting, adopt polythene material to make, framework adopts stainless steel material to make, net cage is equipped with aeration and makes stream device; At the bottom of net cage distance from bottom pond, be 30-50cm.
4. domesticating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described net cage is long: wide: high standard is 1.5-2.0m:1.5-2.0m:0.8-1.0m, mesh 0.5-2.0cm.
5. domesticating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wild long Qi Wen Minnow raises in net cage, and cultivation density is 3kg/m
3, in the outer pond of net cage, the cultivation density of the thick jaw triangular bream of cultivation is 0.5kg/ m
3.
6. domesticating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the second filial fingerling that described thick jaw triangular bream is artificial propagation, the long 150-200mm of body, body weight 150-250g.
7. according to the domesticating method one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that: described in the long 103-236mm of wild long Qi Wen Minnow body that raises and train, body weight 22.1-279.2g.
8. domesticating method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described collocation is raised together with in step, first thick jaw triangular bream is placed in and raises and train pond, wild long Qi Wen Minnow is placed in storage pond, holding pond, until thick jaw triangular bream, raise after one week, the water temperature difference that pond and wild long Qi Wen Minnow storage pond, holding pond are raised and train in adjusting is in 2 ℃, wilder long Qi Wen Minnow is proceeded in the net cage of raising and train pond.
9. domesticating method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described wild long Qi Wen Minnow and thick jaw gurnet kind are put into the 1-2h before pond, according to the consumption full pool spilling head plant polyose of 500g/ mu.
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| CN104054611A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-24 | 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 | Rhinogobio ventralis offspring cultivation method |
| CN104067963A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-10-01 | 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 | Rhinogobio ventralis manual propagation method |
| CN104396827A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 | Imitated natural habitat river type domesticating method for wild rhinogobio ventralis and cruise pool |
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| CN110178762A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-30 | 江西省水产科学研究所 | A kind of artificial tame and docile food method of wild Wen Minnow |
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