CN103583172A - Planting structure in arid desert regions and planting method of planting structure - Google Patents
Planting structure in arid desert regions and planting method of planting structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting structure and a planting method thereof, aiming to solve the problem of water shortage for plant growth in arid regions and guarantee good plant growth and vegetation recovery in the arid regions. The planting structure comprises a planting pit and a planting soil layer in the planting pit. An impermeable film is arranged on the surface of the planting pit. An evaporation-resisting cover film is arranged at the upper end of the planting soil layer. A cover soil layer is arranged at the upper end of the cover film. By the planting structure, permeation and evaporative loss of moisture are remarkably reduced, rainwater collection, confluence and storage into the planting pit are facilitated, the planting pit can have sufficient moisture for plants to absorb, and accordingly, survival rate of planted plants is guaranteed. The planting method is simple in technology, low in cost and obvious in effect in the acid regions, and is of great significance in improving planting survival rate of plants in the acid regions and recovering vegetation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planting structure and implantation methods thereof in arid arid area, belong to arid and ecological reestablishment field, arid area.
Technical background
Desertification of land, water and soil loss and environmental deterioration have become the critical problem that affects human social, world land ccd area accounts for 30% left and right of the land gross area, and be accompanied by environment the continuous destroyed and mankind frequent activities and constantly aggravation.China is one of country of desertification in the world and severe water and soil erosion, and desert, Gobi desert and sandy land add up to 165.3 ten thousand square kilometres at present, relate to 18 provinces (district) He471Ge county, account for 17% of area.Desertification of land has not only greatly corroded land resources, makes valuable arable land, the further atrophy in grassland, and has brought serious environmental problem, as constantly wreaked havoc in recent years the Sand-Duststorm of northern China.Desertification of land problem makes the mankind's living space be subject to serious threat, along with the continuous propelling of national strategy to develop western regions and the increase of desertificated area infrastructure construction, to the active demand of improving the ecological environment and also more and more strong to the technical need of Novel planting and revegetation.
Western and " three Norths " (northwest, northeast and North China) most area of China is in arid and semi-arid lands, and precipitation is few, evaporation discharge is large, and the survival rate of planting is low, revegetation difficulty is large.Areas such as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the upper reaches of the Yellow River particularly, due to drought, vegetation cover degree and plantation survival rate are low, not only cause a large amount of dusts storm, form sandstorm weather, have also caused serious water and soil loss.
Wherein, feldspathic sandstone is the distinctive a kind of topography and geomorphology in loess plateau, is called as " world's water and soil loss " and " environment cancer ", very harmful to nature, ecological, environment.Be distributed widely in the Huanghe valley, wherein the core of concentrated chip area of sediment yield from base rock, the ，Shi loess plateau, region centered by Jin, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia border on district, is an important component part of Sandy Areas, the Huanghe valley.Be characterized in anhydrous hard as hard rock, chance water is soft as mud, meets weathering and erosion of wind.Due to this district's breaking topography, drought, rainfall is few, and water retention property is poor, and plant survival rate is low, and vegetation is rare; And heavy rain is concentrated, and much dusts storm, water and soil loss is very serious, and ecotope is particularly fragile.Stands in Arsenic Sandstone Area area only accounts for Huanghe valley area 2% has a surplus, but every year to approximately 200,000,000 tons of the thick silts of the Yellow River input, wherein, causes the thick silt of downstream siltation to reach 100,000,000 tons of left and right, accounts for 25% of the every annual siltation volume of the Yellow River downstream channel.
At present, the main improvement method of desertification and water and soil loss is biological method.Yet desertification of land is serious conventionally in these areas, water retention property is poor, and belongs to arid and semi-arid lands, and water consumption is large but planting survival rate is low, revegetation difficulty is large.Thereby, in the urgent need to developing a kind of Novel planting method for desertification and areas with soil-erosion problems.Chinese patent (102308688A) discloses method and the planting technology of a kind of desert planting structure and improvement desert soil, and its pattern of farming comprises desert soil layer, is positioned at the gas permeability impervious barrier on desert soil layer and is positioned at the plantation soil layer on gas permeability impervious barrier.Wherein, impervious barrier is to be comprised of one deck hydrophobic particle (Chinese patent, application number 200910203463.7), has good antiseepage, gas permeability.Because plantation hole does not arrange coverlay above, thus evaporation discharge is large, water and soil conservation is poor and rainwater-collecting and memory property poor, difficulty of construction is large in addition.The present invention is by the feature for arid and semi-arid lands, and bond material technology, develops a kind of Novel planting technology, significantly promotes survival rate and the revegetation speed of planting.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the novel plant planting technology that the object of the present invention is to provide the vast arid and semi-arid area of a kind of applicable China.Emphasis solves: 1) the water conservation problem of sandy soil, and generally sandy soil seepage flow is large, is difficult to store moisture; 2) reduce evaporation discharge, the little precipitation of arid and semi-arid area, but evaporation discharge is large, causes the plantation survival rate of plant low, and revegetation difficulty is large.The present invention arranges employing the technological means such as antiseepage film and coverlay, solves serious leakage and the evaporation problems of arid and semi-arid area sandy soil, improves plantation survival rate and the revegetation speed in these areas.
Technical scheme:
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
, comprise plantation hole and be positioned at the soil layer of planting of planting hole, it is characterized in that: at described plantation hole inner surface, being provided with an antiseepage film, at the described coverlay that soil layer upper end is provided with a vaporization prevention of planting, is overburden layer in the upper end of coverlay.
Described antiseepage film is one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones; Described coverlay is one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones.
Described coverlay be shaped as arc, and the height of upper coverlay periphery will be higher than middle height.
The thickness of described coverlay is 0.1mm～10mm, and the thickness of overburden layer is 1.0～10cm, and the thickness of permeable membrane is 0.1mm～10mm.
At described overburden layer and plant and be provided with the aqueduct through described coverlay between soil layer; Described, plant in soil layer, along upper end and the bottom of planting side, hole, be provided with the overflow pipe through described antiseepage film, wherein the quantity of bottom overflow pipe and caliber will be less than and be less than quantity and the caliber of the overflow pipe of plantation hole side setting.
An implantation methods based on above-mentioned pattern of farming, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
Step 1, excavation plantation hole;
Step 2, at the pre-buried overflow pipe in side and bottom in plantation hole, wherein the quantity of bottom overflow pipe and caliber will be less than and be less than quantity and the caliber of the overflow pipe of plantation hole side setting; Then, the resin solution that is 3～15% in plantation hole inner surface spraying concentration, forms the antiseepage film that a layer thickness is 0.1mm～10mm for 2～10 minutes under natural curing condition;
Step 3, the pre-buried aqueduct of upper surface of cheating in plantation, plant the upper surface of soil layer lower than surrounding ground; Then, the resin solution that is 3～15% in the surface spraying concentration of planting soil layer, forms the coverlay that a layer thickness is 0.1mm～10mm for 2～10 minutes under natural curing condition;
Step 5, the overburden layer that is 1.0～10cm at the upper end of coverlay cladding thickness.
Described resin solution is one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones.
Beneficial effect:
1) by bottom and side in plantation hole, antiseepage film is set, can greatly reduce the moisture seepage of arid and semi-arid area sandy land, play good preserve moisture and fertility effect, impervious barrier has certain voidage and flexibility in addition, be not easy to occur damaged, plant root growth half a year and stable after can penetrate impervious barrier continued growth, the growth of plant is had to good facilitation;
2) plantation hole prepares one deck coverlay above and covers one deck sandy soil, significantly reduced the moisture evaporation of arid and semi-arid area, can be plant growth long-term moistening root environment is provided, go up in addition coverlay and have the effect of collecting rainwater, the rainwater of collection is cheated and is stored to plantation by aqueduct water conservancy diversion;
3) due to the existence of antiseepage film and coverlay, be beneficial to the insulation in plantation hole, can be China's plant growth western and northern cold district good environment is provided;
4) construct convenient, efficiency is high, conventionally can adopt the method for spraying to prepare antiseepage film and upper coverlay, as to spray concentration be that 3～15% hydrophilic polyurethane resin can form antiseepage film and coverlay in 2～15 minutes fast, and the voidage of rete can be adjusted by concentration and the sprinkling amount of resin;
5) plant survival rate is high, cost is low, by preventing significantly having reduced after blending vaporization prevention processes the loss of moisture, collection and the memory function of rainwater have been improved simultaneously, make plant there is high survival rate and good growth performance, in addition adopt the technology of hydrophilic polyurethane resin solution spraying construction significantly to reduce costs, there is wide popularizing application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pattern of farming of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of impervious barrier of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of aqueduct of the present invention and overflow pipe.
Wherein: 1 soil or husky; 2 impervious barriers; 3 aqueducts; 4 coverlays; 5 plants; 6 overflow pipes; 7 native sand grains; 8 indurations and space; 9 pipes; 10 filter screens.
Embodiment:
With reference to following embodiment, can better understand the present invention, described embodiment and result thereof be only for the present invention is described, and should also can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims.
The technological core of pattern of farming of the present invention and implantation methods is antiseep and vaporization prevention, simultaneously again can quick collection and storing rainwater.
1) antiseepage
The common trait of arid and semi-arid lands is, desertification of land is serious, and the leakage of moisture is large, is difficult to moisture to store.In order to prevent rainwater and to water the seepage of pouring water, in dug bottom, plantation hole and side, spray one deck flexible barrier membranes, the thickness of antiseepage film can be controlled between 0.1mm～10mm, specifically according to on-the-spot situation, determines.Conventionally, can with resin solution spraying, form fast one deck flexible barrier membranes in bottom and the side in plantation hole, wherein resin can be selected one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones etc.As, the polyurethane resin solution that can be 3～15% by concentration spraying one deck antiseepage film, can effectively stop the seepage of moisture to run off.Antiseepage film is comprised of native sand particle and polyurethane resin induration and space, and referring to Fig. 2, antiseepage film need to have certain porosity, when plant growth to a certain extent after its root system can be through lower antiseepage film to underground and surrounding growth.Antiseepage film has good flexibility, with prevent plantation and growing process in because various extraneous factors are destroyed antiseepage film, thereby reduction antiseepage film antiseep characteristic.
2) vaporization prevention and rainwater-collecting
Another feature of arid and semi-arid area is that evaporation discharge is large, is the key factor that affects plant survival rate and growth performance.The present invention adopts at the flexible coverlay of plantation hole upper surface spraying one deck, and the thickness of coverlay can be controlled between 0.1～10mm according to field condition.Above coverlay, conventionally need to cover one deck sandy soil so that upper coverlay is protected; thickness is generally more than 1.0cm; the object that covers sandy soil is protection coverlay in order to avoid damage and the degradation and decomposition under adverse circumstances, can also further improve vaporization prevention effect.Due to the existence of upper coverlay, greatly reduced the evaporation of moisture, guaranteed the planting survival rate in arid and semi-arid area.Conventionally, can after the spraying of the top in plantation hole, form fast with resin solution coverlay in one deck flexibility, wherein resin can be used one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones etc., upper coverlay is done camber, is beneficial to collect more rainy water and rainwater water conservancy diversion is cheated to plantation.As, can spray the polyurethane resin solution that one deck concentration is 3～15% on top, plantation hole, after rapid curing, form upper coverlay.
Upper coverlay is preferably made arc, can collect and the more rainwater of interim storage, so that rainwater is stored in plantation hole by aqueduct when rainy.When rainwater-collecting amount is large, can, by the overflow pipe in plantation side, hole and bottom setting, allow the rainwater of excess to discharge plantation hole by overflow pipe.
The structure of rainwater-collecting aqueduct and overflow pipe is identical, and the structure of aqueduct, referring to Fig. 3, is provided with filter screen 10 at two pipe 9 ends, and aqueduct and overflow pipe play ventilation effect simultaneously.Filter screen plays two aspects, and the one, prevent that pipe is by oarse-grained native sand plug plug, the 2nd, further reduce the above evaporation discharge of coverlay.
Rainwater-collecting aqueduct is arranged on the near middle of coverlay conventionally, major function has two aspects, the plantation hole of collecting rainwater water conservancy diversion on the one hand, be the availability of being convenient to moisturizing while lacking moisture in plantation hole and moisturizing efficiency and water being provided on the other hand, the plant of cheating for plantation provides suitable growing environment.
Overflow pipe is arranged on antiseepage film top, side and bottom position conventionally, and its major function is when rainwater is excessive, excessive moisture to be discharged outside planting body; Wherein, the quantity of bottom overflow pipe and caliber will be less than and be less than quantity and the caliber of the overflow pipe of plantation hole side setting.Bottom overflow pipe height outline is set lower than the root of plant, but will be higher than the bottom surface height in plantation hole, its effect is to avoid plant root to be immersed in for a long time in water and cause the undergrowth of plant, and the least possible plantation hole that water is derived.
Meanwhile, rainwater-collecting aqueduct and the effect of also having held concurrently and having ventilated with overflow pipe, make can carry out flowing and exchanging of gas in plantation hole; Wherein, in plantation hole when lack of water and nutrient, can also be by aqueduct to carrying out high-efficiency artificial moisturizing in plantation hole and take a tonic or nourishing food to build up one's health minute, the growth performance of raising plant.
Pattern of farming construction of the present invention and implantation methods comprise following step:
(1) according to planted plant characteristic, dig plantation hole, the size in plantation hole is determined according to plant characteristic, the root growth of guaranteeing plant has enough spaces, can absorb sufficient moisture and nutrient, generally the volume in plantation hole can be for plant root growth space more than half a year;
(2) at bottom and the periphery in plantation hole, prepare impervious barrier, conventionally can in bottom and the side in plantation hole, spray rear one deck flexible barrier membranes that forms fast with resin solution, wherein resin can be used one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones etc., and carries out maintenance under field conditions (factors) and generate one deck flexible barrier membranes; As, can be sprayed on the hydrophilic polyurethane resin that concentration is 3～15% bottom and side that plantation is cheated, within 2～15 minutes under natural curing condition, can form one deck ventilation anti-seepage film;
(3) in plantation hole, configure appropriate soil or husky, sandy soil upper surface outline in plantation hole is lower than surrounding ground, to cover again in the above one deck soil after preparing upper caldding layer, then appropriate water is cheated and watered to planting in plantation, can add as required appropriate fertilizer, fibrous material or/and water-loss reducer;
(4) at side and the top in plantation hole, overflow pipe and rainwater-collecting aqueduct are set respectively, then at top, spray one deck polyurethane resin solution, the height that the shape of upper coverlay is done camber and upper coverlay periphery will, higher than middle height, be beneficial to collect more rainy water and rainwater water conservancy diversion is arrived in plantation hole;
(5) at surface coverage one deck sandy soil of upper coverlay, the thickness of sandy soil is determined according to local climate characteristic; For the thickness of the large and arid regional coverage film of dust storm, want large, thickness is greater than 3cm conventionally, and for dust storm, little and the more moistening or tectal thickness in semiarid zone can be suitably less, and common thickness is greater than 1cm.
Specific embodiment 1:
(1) plantation of feldspathic sandstone weathering soil layer
For the environment of simulation Stands in Arsenic Sandstone Area, with wooden case, make 1.2m * 1.2m * 1.0m cultivation box by oneself, and fill weathering feldspathic sandstone sand.In sandbox, excavate dark 70cm, the plantation hole that upper surface diameter is 85cm.In plantation hole, half depth is evenly installed 4 overflow pipes that diameter is 1.0cm, (exceeds plantation hole bottom surface 10cm) overflow pipe that 1 diameter is 0.6cm is installed in bottom, and the length of overflow pipe is 10cm, and the two-port of overflow pipe is filled filter screen.
Feldspathic sandstone is from Jungar Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and feldspathic sandstone soil sample is verrucano waste, and maximum particle diameter is 10mm, gravel grain band corner angle, and proportion is 2.65 g/cm3,70% feldspathic sandstone soil sample particle diameter is distributed between 0.05～2.0mm.
Plantation bottom surface, hole and side antiseepage film and upper coverlay adopt hydrophilic polyurethane resin (W-OH) solution in-situ spraying rapid curing to form, and hydrophilic polyurethane resin used is light yellow transparent liquid, viscosity is that 350mPa.s (20 ℃), proportion are 1.08 (20/4 ℃).
Adopt hydrophilic polyurethane resin (W-OH) solution to carry out the spraying of bottom and side impervious barrier, the concentration of W-OH solution is 4.5%, with biliquid pump, in bottom and the side in plantation hole, spray, it is complete that the spraying time in each plantation hole generally can spray construction about 0.5 minute.Then, carry out under field conditions (factors) maintenance, from being sprayed onto maintenance, being cemented in 5.0 minutes and can completing.
In the bottom in plantation hole training a layer thickness, be the feldspathic sandstone weathering soil layer that 20cm is thick, then evenly plant sea-buckthorn landfill feldspathic sandstone saprolite that 3 plant heights are 10cm in the above; The appropriate water of pouring in plantation hole, keeping the moisture content of feldspathic sandstone soil in plantation hole is 30%.In plantation hole, the low 3.0cm of height on ground around soil layer ratio, installs 4 rainwater-collecting aqueducts at the upper surface in plantation hole near middle, and the diameter of mozzle is 1.0cm, and length is 10cm.Finally, the upper surface in plantation hole is done to the W-OH solution that spray concentration is 5.0% after camber, maintenance is cheated upper surface with feldspathic sandstone saprolite by plantation after 5.0 minutes and is filled and led up.
Comparative example 1:
Cultivation box and feldspathic sandstone sand used are identical with embodiment 1, and the plant of plantation is also almost identical, and different is that comparative example 1 sprays hydrophilic polyurethane resin impervious barrier and upper caldding layer to the bottom surface in plantation hole and side.
Specific embodiment 2:
For the desert Environment of simulating drought, with wooden case, make 1.5m * 1.5m * 1.0m sandbox by oneself, and be full of river sand.In sandbox, excavate dark 70cm, the plantation hole that upper surface diameter is 85cm.4 overflow pipes that diameter is 1.0cm are evenly installed in place in half degree of depth of plantation hole, (exceed plantation hole bottom surface 10cm) overflow pipe that 1 diameter is 0.6cm is installed in bottom, plantation hole, and the length of overflow pipe is 10cm, and the two-port of overflow pipe is filled filter screen.
Adopt the hydrophilic polyurethane resin identical with specific embodiment 1 to plant bottom, hole and side spraying rapid curing and form antiseepage film, the concentration of W-OH solution is 4.0%, with biliquid pump, in bottom and the side in plantation hole, spray, generally at 0.5 minute, can to spray construction complete with interior for the spraying time in each plantation hole.Then, carry out under field conditions (factors) maintenance, from being sprayed onto maintenance, being cemented in 5.0 minutes and can completing.
In the bottom in plantation hole training a layer thickness, be the sandy soil that 20cm is thick, husky and native weight ratio is 8:2, then evenly plants sea-buckthorn landfill sandy soil that 3 plant heights are 10cm in the above, the pouring water identical with specific embodiment 1 in plantation hole.In plantation hole, the low 3.0cm of height on ground around soil layer ratio, installs 3 rainwater-collecting aqueducts at the upper surface in plantation hole near middle, and the diameter of aqueduct is 1.0cm, and length is 8.0cm.Finally, the upper surface in plantation hole is done to the W-OH solution that spray concentration is 4.5% after camber, maintenance is cheated upper surface with sandy soil by plantation after 5.0 minutes and is filled and led up.
Comparative example 2:
Cultivation box and sandy soil used are identical with embodiment 2, and the plant of plantation is also almost identical, and different is that comparative example 2 sprays hydrophilic polyurethane resin impervious barrier and upper caldding layer to the bottom surface in plantation hole and side.
Plant raw body moisture content when the there is no planting plants over time situation of table 1 for making by above-described embodiment and comparative example, through preventing significantly having reduced after blending vaporization prevention processes the loss of moisture.
Table 1 embodiment and comparative example side's water loss contrast
| ? | Embodiment 1 (%) | Embodiment 2 (%) | Comparative example 1 (%) | Comparative example 2 (%) |
| While completing | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| After 1 week | 28.9 | 28.3 | 13.8 | 12.3 |
| After 2 weeks | 27.3 | 26.9 | 12.3 | 11.5 |
| After 3 weeks | 26.7 | 26.2 | 11.9 | 10.2 |
The contrast of table 2 plant growth situation
| ? | Embodiment 1 (cm) | Embodiment 2 (cm) | Comparative example 1 (cm) | Comparative example 2 (cm) |
| While completing | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| After January | 22 | 23 | 16 | 15 |
| After February | 34 | 34 | 19 | 18 |
| After March | 47 | 48 | 21 | 20 |
From table 1 and table 2 contrast, adopt after pattern of farming of the present invention, water and soil loss situation significantly takes a turn for the better, and plant grew well, especially surviving with the drought-resistant and keep a full stand in later stage of plant is significant.
Claims (7)
1. a pattern of farming, comprise plantation hole and be positioned at the soil layer of planting of planting hole, it is characterized in that: at described plantation hole inner surface, being provided with an antiseepage film, being provided with the coverlay of one deck vaporization prevention in the described upper end of planting soil layer, is overburden layer in the upper end of coverlay.
2. pattern of farming according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described antiseepage film is one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones; Described coverlay is one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones.
3. pattern of farming according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described coverlay be shaped as arc, and the height of upper coverlay periphery will be higher than middle height.
4. pattern of farming according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described coverlay is 0.1mm～10mm, and the thickness of overburden layer is 1.0～10cm, and the thickness of permeable membrane is 0.1mm～10mm.
5. pattern of farming according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at described overburden layer and plant and be provided with the aqueduct through described coverlay between soil layer; Described, plant in soil layer, along upper end and the bottom of planting side, hole, be provided with the overflow pipe through described antiseepage film, wherein the quantity of bottom overflow pipe and caliber will be less than and be less than quantity and the caliber of the overflow pipe of plantation hole side setting.
6. the implantation methods based on pattern of farming described in claim 1, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
Step 1, excavation plantation hole;
Step 2, at the pre-buried overflow pipe in side and bottom in plantation hole, wherein the quantity of bottom overflow pipe and caliber will be less than and be less than quantity and the caliber of the overflow pipe of plantation hole side setting; Then, the resin solution that is 3～15% in plantation hole inner surface spraying concentration, forms the antiseepage film that a layer thickness is 0.1mm～10mm for 2～10 minutes under natural curing condition;
Step 3, the pre-buried aqueduct of upper surface of cheating in plantation, plant the upper surface of soil layer lower than surrounding ground; Then, the resin solution that is 3～15% in the surface spraying concentration of planting soil layer, forms the coverlay that a layer thickness is 0.1mm～10mm for 2～10 minutes under natural curing condition;
Step 5, the overburden layer that is 1.0～10cm at the upper end of coverlay cladding thickness.
7. implantation methods according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described resin solution is one or more combinations in epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicones.
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