CN103561242B - A kind of wild animal based on wireless image sensor network monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of wild animal based on wireless image sensor network monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of wild animal monitoring system built based on wireless image sensor network, including the wild animal monitoring round-the-clock automatic collection of image can be realized, compress and transmit Radio infrared image sensor network, the base station being connected with Radio infrared image sensor network by 3G network, the wild animal monitoring center being provided with 3D generalized information system that is connected with base station by the Internet.Described wild animal monitoring system uses the image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theory being suitable for the most limited wireless image sensor network of disposal ability, power supply cruising time and channel transmission bandwidth.The present invention is wireless image sensor network successful Application in terms of wild animal monitoring for protection, can monitor image by round-the-clock acquisition wild animal, help research worker grasp wildlife resource present situation remotely, in real time and dynamically change.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wild animal based on wireless image sensor network monitoring system, belong to wireless sensor network skill
Art application.
Background technology
The survival and development of wild animal maintain the balance and stability of whole ecosystem.Wild animal kind, quantity and perch
Ground situation is Ecosystem Changes and the important indicator of reflection management strategy.Wild animal monitoring can provide wild animal to provide
Source category, quantity and the necessary information of habitat situation, help research worker to grasp wildlife resource present situation and wild animal
The dynamic change of resource, provides foundation for effectively protection, sustainable utilization, scientific management wildlife resource.
Wild animal monitoring is for protecting dilute endangered wildlife species particularly important.Wild animal is monitored, and mainly faces environment multiple
Polygamy, Animal behaviour particularity and diversity etc. are challenged.Wild animal monitoring is the hot fields of research both at home and abroad, and state at present
The research that the interior long-term dynamics about wild animal is monitored the most extremely lacks.It is critical only that of wild animal monitoring obtains monitoring continuously
In the range of the quantity of certain animal and relevant information.Summing up, wild animal monitoring mainly has following several ways: the most artificial
Field investigation, concrete grammar has division lines method, pinpoints counting method, meets rate method, questionnaire method etc., and which monitoring range has
Limit, labor intensity are big, dangerous high, and can not realize round-the-clock monitoring;2. global positioning system (GPS) necklace mode,
Relative to traditional radio necklace, GPS necklace provides more preferable spatial resolution and under broader time and steric requirements
Determine position, but this monitoring mode is the most friendly, animal image information can not be obtained;3. infrared camera mode, infrared camera
The view data of shooting is stored in local Large Copacity SD storage card, and research worker is spaced at regular intervals, will go on-the-spot taking-up
SD card, read data, this mode exist data acquisition delayed, monitoring cycle length, labor intensity high drawback big, dangerous,
The view data collected, combined with 3G network, is sent to user mobile phone, which by 3G network by the infrared camera also having
Rely on 3G mobile signal to cover, and the core space in some Nature Reserve does not has mobile phone signal;4. wireless camera
Head, WiMAX microwave transmission image, which needs mains-supplied, and higher owing to disposing, and is easily blocked by tree crown,
Being difficult to obtain movable wild animal image in woods, this equipment manufacturing cost is the highest;5. Satellite Remote Sensing, satellite remote sensing is comprehensively supervised
Survey is difficult to accurately measure local microscopic information, and there is the scan period, it is impossible to monitor in real time.Visible, wild animal protects tradition
Protect monitoring mode and be unfavorable for that research worker grasps wildlife resource present situation and wildlife resource comprehensively, accurately and timely
Dynamically change.
Wireless sensor network technology is the core technology of emerging technology of Internet of things.Wireless sensor network has low cost, low
Power consumption, facilitate the advantages such as extension, be therefore applied widely.At present, what wireless sensor network mainly gathered is data volume
The simple physical message such as less illumination, temperature.In recent years, along with the progress of cmos image sensor technology, by low-power consumption,
Low-cost imageing sensor introduces in wireless sensor network and has become as possibility, but, the image that imageing sensor gathers
Information data amount is huge, proposes huge challenge to transmission.Therefore wireless multimedia sensor network is along with the application of himself
Field and challenge, be increasingly becoming a new research field.Wherein, one of the most promising application is exactly wild animal monitoring.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency overcoming the existing conservation of wildlife to monitor, propose a kind of based on wireless image sensor network
The wild animal monitoring system of network, helps research worker to grasp wildlife resource present situation and wildlife resource remotely, in real time
Dynamic change.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that present example uses is as follows:
The wild animal monitoring system built based on wireless image sensor network, including realizing wild animal monitoring image certainly
Dynamic gather, compress and transmit Radio infrared image sensor network, by 3G network and Radio infrared image sensor network company
The base station connect, the wild animal monitoring center being provided with 3D generalized information system being connected with base station by the Internet.Described wild animal
Monitoring system uses and is suitable for the wireless image sensor network that disposal ability, power supply cruising time and channel transmission bandwidth are the most limited
Image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theory.
In technique scheme, described Radio infrared image sensor network includes multiple Radio infrared imageing sensor node and remittance
Poly-node: described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is by image capture module, image processing module, wireless communication module, GPS
Module and supply module composition, described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors, multiple infrared
LED, light sensor and two steering wheels, the sensing angle of described pyroelectric infrared sensor is 120 °, 3 rpyroelectric infrareds
Sensor is respectively facing 3 directions, and induction range non-overlapping copies.Radio infrared imageing sensor node is in dormancy usually
State, once there be wild animal to enter search coverage, Radio infrared imageing sensor node starts immediately, and by controlling two
Camera lens is adjusted to by the rotational angle of individual steering wheel, the direction corresponding to the pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal detected, carries out
Picture shooting.Light sensor judges that light is the most sufficient, time bright and clear, is taken a picture as colour picture;During insufficient light
Start infrared LED to be illuminated, taken a picture as black-and-white photograph.Radio infrared imageing sensor node can realize round-the-clock
Gather, compress and send wild animal infrared picture data and forward the infrared image number of other Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes
According to, realize GPS positioning function simultaneously;Described aggregation node module is used for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network and 3G network,
Realize being reliably connected of Radio infrared image sensor network and base station, concentrate and infrared picture data is sent to base by 3G network
Stand.
The Radio infrared imageing sensor node of described Radio infrared image sensor network and aggregation node are straight with solar recharging
Stream power supply is as the external power supply of node, it is achieved dual power supply is powered simultaneously, extends stand-by time.
Described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is widely deployed in wild animal zone of action or near zone, with ZigBee skill
Based on art, form network by Ad hoc mode.
Described image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theory is: first piece image X is divided into several sizes is B × B's
Sub-block xi, each sub-block is carried out discrete cosine transform (DCT) conversion and obtains corresponding rarefaction representation θi, to each θiChoose phase
Same observing matrix (gaussian random matrix) is observed, and obtains observation yi, then to observation yiCarry out quantifying and Hough
Graceful coding, finally obtains the signal p of compression.Reconstruct is that p is carried out Hafman decoding, inverse quantization, obtains observation yiThen
To each observation yiReconstructed by orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (OMP), the figure after dct transform and image reorganization are restored
As X '.
Described base station is connected with the Internet, and the infrared picture data received is passed through the Internet transmission to wild animal monitoring center.
3G network is used to connect Radio infrared image sensor network and base station.
Described wild animal monitoring center is connected with the Internet, is provided with 3D generalized information system, and is provided with wild animal image information
Storehouse, the infrared picture data collected can be stored and analyze by scientific research personnel.
Traditional conservation of wildlife monitoring means is backward in technique, efficiency is low, seriously hampers the normal of conservation of wildlife work
Carry out.The present invention utilizes Internet of Things framework, advanced Radio infrared image sensor network technology and mobile radio networks
Technology combines, it is achieved that wild animal monitored area is completely covered;The present invention is saved by Radio infrared imageing sensor
The infrared image of some automatic shooting wild animal, it is not necessary to manually participate in;The present invention proposes to be suitable for based on advanced compressive sensing theory
Image in the low complex degree of the most limited wireless image sensor network of disposal ability, power supply cruising time and channel transmission bandwidth
Compression algorithm;Meanwhile, the picture number that will be able to be collected by Radio infrared image sensor network and mobile radio networks
According to passing back to wild animal monitoring center in time for research worker analysis.Present invention design is that wireless sensor network is wild animal
Successful Application in terms of monitoring for protection, be advantageously implemented to wild animal round-the-clock, long-range, monitor in real time, for protection open country
Raw Animal resources have great using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Radio infrared imageing sensor node;
Fig. 3 is the hardware architecture diagram of Radio infrared imageing sensor node;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of Radio infrared imageing sensor node;
Fig. 5 is the hardware architecture diagram of aggregation node;
Fig. 6 is the workflow diagram of aggregation node;
Fig. 7 image compression algorithm based on compressed sensing flow chart;
Fig. 8 is the functional schematic of base station.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The system structure of the present invention includes Radio infrared image sensor network, three the main portions in base station and wild animal monitoring center
Point, its composition structure as shown in Figure 1, is described as follows:
Radio infrared image sensor network (1) includes multiple Radio infrared imageing sensor node and aggregation node;Radio infrared
Imageing sensor node (2) is by image capture module, image processing module, wireless communication module, GPS module and supply module
Composition, described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors, multiple infrared LED, light sensor
Device and two steering wheels, the sensing angle of described pyroelectric infrared sensor is 120 °, and 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors are respectively facing
3 directions, and induction range non-overlapping copies.Radio infrared imageing sensor node the most in a dormant state, once has open country
When lively thing enters search coverage, Radio infrared imageing sensor node starts immediately, and by controlling the angle of rotation of two steering wheels
Camera lens is adjusted to by degree, the direction corresponding to the pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal detected, carries out picture shooting.Photosensitive
Sensor judges that light is the most sufficient, time bright and clear, is taken a picture as colour picture;Start infrared LED during insufficient light to enter
Row illumination, is taken a picture as black-and-white photograph.Radio infrared imageing sensor node can realize round-the-clock collection, compression concurrently
Send wild animal infrared picture data and forward the infrared picture data of other Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes, realizing GPS simultaneously
Positioning function.Multiple Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes are widely deployed in wild animal zone of action or near zone, with ZigBee
Based on technology, form Radio infrared image sensor network by Ad hoc mode;The remittance of Radio infrared image sensor network
Poly-node (3), is used for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network (1) and 3G network (4), makes Radio infrared image sensing
Device network (1) is set up with base station (5) and is connected reliably.The view data finally quilt of Radio infrared imageing sensor node (2)
It is sent on the aggregation node (3) of Radio infrared image sensor network (1), is concentrated picture number by aggregation node (3)
According to being sent to base station (5) place;3G network (4) is used to connect Radio infrared image sensor network (1) and base station (5);
Base station (5) is connected with the Internet (6), is responsible for that the view data received is transferred to wild animal by the Internet (6) and supervises
Measured center (7);The Internet (6) is used to connect base station (5) and wild animal monitoring center (7);Wild animal monitoring center
(7) being connected with the Internet (6), be provided with 3D generalized information system, and be provided with wild animal Image Database, scientific research personnel is permissible
The infrared picture data collected is stored and analyzes.
In order to adapt to image real time transfer complexity and take into account the problem of energy consumption, the present invention design nothing with ARM as kernel control chip
Line infrared image sensor node, can complete image acquisition and compression, wireless routing and communications function.The present invention is wireless
Infrared image sensor node system design composition specifically includes that image capture module, image processing center, ZigBee channel radio
Letter four parts such as module and supply module.Its structural representation is as in figure 2 it is shown, Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3
Individual pyroelectric infrared sensor (5) and multiple infrared LED (1), the sensing angle of pyroelectric infrared sensor (5) is 120
°, 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors (5) are respectively facing 3 directions, and induction range non-overlapping copies.Radio infrared image
Sensor node the most in a dormant state, enters pyroelectric infrared sensor (5) search coverage, nothing once there be wild animal
Line infrared image sensor node starts immediately, and is adjusted to by camera lens by controlling two steering wheels (4), wild animal detected
The direction corresponding to pyroelectric infrared sensor (5), carry out picture shooting.Judge that light is by light sensor (3)
No abundance, time bright and clear, is taken a picture as colour picture;Start infrared LED (1) during night deficiency to be illuminated,
Taken a picture as black-and-white photograph.Additionally, other modules of Radio infrared imageing sensor node are all placed in containment vessel (6),
Support (7) can adjust the height of shooting as required.
Radio infrared imageing sensor node hardware block diagram is as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, image capture module by infraluminescence LED,
Pyroelectric infrared sensor, light sensor, imageing sensor and motor composition.Image processing center is with ARM microprocessor
For core, interrupt control, the conversion of view data coding/decoding apparatus, view data A/D, view data storage including image information
Equipment, same/peripheral expansion circuit such as Asynchronous Serial Interface and general purpose I/O Interface.ZigBee wireless communication module includes low noise
The modules such as amplifier, filtering and frequency mixer, power amplifier, modulation and demodulation, A/D Yu D/A and control logic.Solar energy
Battery supply module is made up of accumulator, chopper circuit, solaode, controller and measuring circuit etc..
Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equivalent to the child node of aggregation node, and self-organizing formula is networked, and is that Radio infrared image passes
Basic unit's link in sensor network, is directly associated with wild animal image acquisition, transmits after Data Compression,
Groundwork has: waking up nodes, wild animal image acquisition, image compression encoding, transmission data, entrance dormancy etc., specifically
Workflow is as shown in Figure 4.
Radio infrared imageing sensor node is in park mode under normal circumstances, is called out when receiving infra-red heat sensing triggering signal
After Xinging, send order at once and adjust camera lens by steering wheel, the direction corresponding to the pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal detected,
Meanwhile, judging that light is the most sufficient by light sensor, if inadequate, start Infrared LED illumination, imageing sensor is carried out
Wild animal image acquisition, is then sent to the view data collected image processing module and is compressed coding;GPS module
Start, and obtain location data;Meanwhile, the request of transmission adds network, waits that the response of aggregation node is successfully joined network
After, the view data after starting compressed encoding and location data are sent to superior node, and superior node sends response bits, determines
After receiving successfully, Radio infrared imageing sensor node proceeds to again resting state, so moves in circles.
Described aggregation node module is used for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network and 3G network, it is achieved Radio infrared image sensing
Device network is connected reliably with the foundation of base station, it is achieved the transmitted in both directions of data, meets wireless sensor network in actual applications
Demand.The aggregation node hardware configuration built herein is as shown in Figure 5.Aggregation node includes wireless communication module, gateway
Reason device module, wireless ZigBee communication module and solar cell for supplying power module.Wherein, wireless communication module by modulation and demodulation,
Base band signal process and usim card composition.Gateway processor module is with arm processor as core, including memorizer, Ethernet
Network interface, protocol stack, routing management, same/peripheral expansion circuit such as Asynchronous Serial Interface and general purpose I/O Interface.ZigBee without
Line communication module includes low-noise amplifier, filtering and frequency mixer, power amplifier, modulation and demodulation, A/D Yu D/A and control
The modules such as logic processed.Solar cell for supplying power module is by accumulator, chopper circuit, solaode, controller and measuring circuit
Deng composition.
Aggregation node is mainly responsible for setting up and managing network, it is allowed to or refuse the networking of any one sensing node, and by each wireless red
The data collection of outer imageing sensor node is sent to base station by 3G network.Its work process is generally divided into: waking up nodes,
Set up network, add ingress, wait data message, send data, enter dormancy.The specific works flow process of gateway node such as figure
Shown in 6.
Aggregation node is in park mode at ordinary times, once receives the request signal adding network, carries out rapidly system initialization, open
Establish vertical network.When setting up network, aggregation node can constantly search for the channel of sky, if searching a certain channel, by separately
One aggregation node takies, then re-search for, until searching out vacant channels, it does respective identification immediately, prepares to set up the network of oneself.
Aggregation node decides whether to add Radio infrared imageing sensor node according to the resource requirement of oneself, if selecting to add this node,
Then allocate it a network address, constitute new network.Simultaneously etc. view data to be received and location data, lead to after receiving successfully
Cross 3G network and be sent to base station.
First described image compression algorithm flow chart based on compressive sensing theory as it is shown in fig. 7, be divided into some by piece image X
Individual size is sub-block x of B × Bi, each sub-block is carried out conversion and obtains corresponding vector representation θi, to each θiChoose identical
Observing matrix ΦBIt is observed, obtains observation yi=ΦB×θi, then to observation yiCarry out ADPCM and Kazakhstan
Fu Man encodes, and finally obtains the signal p of compression.Reconstruct is that p carries out Hafman decoding, differential pulse decoding modulation, obtains
Observation yiThen to each observation yiReconstructed by iterative projection (SPL) algorithm, the image after image reorganization is restored
X′。
Base station, is made up of with data transmission unit computer, and its structure chart is as shown in Figure 8.Base station major function is: receive
The wild animal infrared picture data that Radio infrared image sensor network is collected, then gives wild dynamic by the Internet transmission
Thing monitoring center.
Wild animal monitoring center be one with SQLite data base and GUI as basic platform, use many merits of C Plus Plus exploitation
Energy information management system, is provided with 3DGIS system.Data base mainly stores information and includes: wild animal kind, feature, go out
Existing place, infrared image etc..Main modular includes: signal dispatcher module, information retrieval, data update and safety management.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the embodiment of the present invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement,
All should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. the wild animal monitoring system built based on wireless image sensor network, by Radio infrared image sensor network, base
Stand and wild animal monitoring center forms;It is characterized in that:
Described Radio infrared image sensor network realizes automatically gathering, compress and transmitting of wild animal monitoring image;
Described wild animal monitoring center is provided with 3D generalized information system;
Described wild animal monitoring system uses image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theory, is suitable for disposal ability, power supply continuation of the journey
Time and the most limited wireless image sensor network of channel transmission bandwidth;
Described power supply uses solar cell for supplying power module to carry out power supply continuation of the journey;
Described Radio infrared image sensor network includes multiple Radio infrared imageing sensor node and aggregation node: described Radio infrared
Imageing sensor node is made up of image capture module, image processing module, wireless communication module, GPS module and supply module,
Described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors, multiple infrared LED, light sensors and two
Individual steering wheel, the sensing angle of described pyroelectric infrared sensor is 120 °, and 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors are respectively facing 3 sides
To, induction range non-overlapping copies;Radio infrared imageing sensor node the most in a dormant state, once has wild animal to enter
During search coverage, Radio infrared imageing sensor node starts immediately, and is adjusted by camera lens by controlling the rotational angle of two steering wheels
Whole to the direction detected corresponding to the pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal, carry out picture shooting;Described light sensor is sentenced
Disconnected light is the most sufficient, time bright and clear, is taken a picture as colour picture;Start infrared LED during insufficient light to be illuminated,
Taken a picture as black-and-white photograph;Described Radio infrared imageing sensor node realizes round-the-clock collection, compresses and sends wild dynamic
Thing infrared picture data and forward the infrared picture data of other Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes, realizes GPS simultaneously and positions merit
Energy;
Described aggregation node is used for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network and 3G network, it is achieved Radio infrared image sensor network
With being reliably connected of base station, concentrate and infrared picture data is sent to base station by 3G network;
First piece image X is divided into sub-block x that several sizes are B × B by described image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theoryi,
Each sub-block is carried out conversion and obtains corresponding vector representation θi, to each θiChoose identical observing matrix ΦBIt is observed,
Obtain observation yi=ΦB×θi, then to observation yiCarry out ADPCM and Huffman encoding, finally obtain pressure
The signal p of contracting;Reconstruct is that p carries out Hafman decoding, differential pulse decoding modulation, obtains observation yi, then to each
Observation yiReconstructed by smooth Projection Iteration SPL algorithm, the image X ' after image reorganization is restored.
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