CN103561242A - Wild animal monitoring system based on wireless image sensor network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a wild animal monitoring system established based on a wireless image sensor network. The wild animal monitoring system based on the wireless image sensor network comprises a wireless infrared image sensor network, a base station and a wild animal monitoring center, wherein the wireless infrared image sensor network can achieve the automatic collection, compression and transmission of wild animal monitoring images in all weather, the base station is connected with the wireless infrared image sensor network through a 3G network, and the wild animal monitoring center is connected with the base station through an Internet and is provided with a 3D GIS. An image compression algorithm which is based on a compression sensing theory and is suitable for the wireless infrared image sensor network which is limited in processing capability, power source endurance and information channel transmission bandwidth is adopted in the wild animal monitoring system. The wild animal monitoring system based on the wireless image sensor network is the successful application of the wireless image sensor network in the filed of wild animal protection monitoring, the wild animal monitoring images can be obtained in all weather, and researching personnel are assisted to remotely master the current state and the dynamic changing of wild animal resources in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wild animal monitoring system based on wireless image sensor network, belong to wireless sensor network technology application.
Background technology
The survival and development of wild animal are being maintained the balance and stability of the whole ecosystem.Wild animal kind, quantity and habitat situation are the important indicators that the ecosystem changes and reflect management strategy.Wild animal monitoring can provide the necessary information of wildlife resource kind, quantity and habitat situation; help researcher grasps the dynamic change of wildlife resource present situation and wildlife resource, for effectively protection, sustainable utilization, scientific management wildlife resource provide foundation.
Wild animal monitoring is particularly important for the rare endangered wildlife species of protection.Wild animal monitoring, mainly faces the challenges such as environmental complexity, Animal behaviour particularity and otherness.Wild animal monitoring is the hot fields of studying both at home and abroad, and the research of the long-term dynamics of at present domestic relevant wild animal monitoring also very lacks.The key of wild animal monitoring is to obtain continuously quantity and the interrelated data of certain animal in monitoring range.Sum up, wild animal monitoring mainly contains following several mode: 1. artificial field investigation, and concrete grammar has division lines method, the counting method of fixing a point, meet rate method, questionnaire method etc., and which monitoring range is limited, labour intensity is large, dangerous high, and can not realize round-the-clock monitoring; 2. global positioning system (GPS) necklace mode, with respect to traditional radio necklace, GPS necklace provides better spatial resolution and under more wide time and steric requirements, determines position, but this monitoring mode is friendly not, can not obtain animal image information; 3. infrared camera mode, the view data that infrared camera is taken is stored in local large capacity SD storage card, researcher is interval at regular intervals, remove the on-the-spot SD of taking-up card, sense data, there is data acquisition hysteresis in this mode, monitoring periods is long, labour intensity is large, dangerous high drawback, also the infrared camera having is with 3G network combination, the view data collecting is sent to user mobile phone by 3G network, which relies on 3G mobile signal and covers, and core space in some Nature Reserve does not have mobile phone signal; 4. wireless camera, WiMAX microwave transmission image, which needs mains-supplied, and higher owing to disposing, and blocked by tree crown, is difficult to obtain movable wild animal image in woods, and this equipment manufacturing cost is also higher; 5. Satellite Remote Sensing, satellite remote sensing comprehensive monitoring is difficult to accurately measure local microscopic information, and have the scan period, can not Real-Time Monitoring.Visible, traditional conservation of wildlife monitoring mode is unfavorable for that researcher grasps the dynamic change of wildlife resource present situation and wildlife resource comprehensively, accurately and timely.
Wireless sensor network technology is the core technology of emerging technology of Internet of things.Wireless sensor network has the advantages such as low cost, low-power consumption, convenient expansion, is therefore applied widely.At present, wireless sensor network mainly gathers is the simple physical messages such as illumination that data volume is less, temperature.In recent years, along with the progress of cmos image sensor technology, will in low-power consumption, low-cost imageing sensor introducing wireless sensor network, become possibility, still, the image information data amount that imageing sensor gathers is huge, proposes huge challenge to transmission.Therefore wireless multimedia sensor network is accompanied by application and the challenge of himself, becomes gradually a new research field.Wherein, one of the most promising application is exactly wild animal monitoring.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing conservation of wildlife monitoring; propose a kind of wild animal monitoring system based on wireless image sensor network, help the dynamic change that researcher is long-range, grasp in real time wildlife resource present situation and wildlife resource.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical scheme that example of the present invention adopts is as follows:
The wild animal monitoring system building based on wireless image sensor network, comprises that can realize wild animal surveillance map picture automatically gathers, compresses and the Radio infrared image sensor network of transmission, the base station being connected with Radio infrared image sensor network by 3G network, the wild animal monitoring center that 3D generalized information system is installed that is connected with base station by the Internet.Described wild animal monitoring system adopts and is suitable for all image compression algorithms based on compressive sensing theory of limited wireless image sensor network of disposal ability, power supply cruising time and transmission bandwidth.
In technique scheme, described Radio infrared image sensor network comprises a plurality of Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes and aggregation node: described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is by image capture module, image processing module, wireless communication module, GPS module and supply module form, described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors, a plurality of infrared LEDs, light sensor and two steering wheels, the induction angle of described pyroelectric infrared sensor is 120 °, 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors are respectively towards 3 directions, and induction range non-overlapping copies.Radio infrared imageing sensor node is usually in resting state, once there be wild animal to enter search coverage, Radio infrared imageing sensor node starts immediately, and by controlling the rotational angle of two steering wheels, camera lens is adjusted to, the corresponding direction of pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal detected, carry out picture shooting.Light sensor judges that whether light is sufficient, and when bright and clear, take a picture is colour picture; During insufficient light, start infrared LED and throw light on, take a picture is black-and-white photograph.Radio infrared imageing sensor node can be realized round-the-clock collection, compression and send wild animal infrared picture data and forward the infrared picture data of other Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes, realizes GPS positioning function simultaneously; Described aggregation node module is used for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network and 3G network, realizes Radio infrared image sensor network and is connected with the reliable of base station, concentrates infrared picture data is sent to base station by 3G network.
Radio infrared imageing sensor node and the aggregation node of described Radio infrared image sensor network, using solar recharging DC power supply as the external power supply of node, realizes duplicate supply and power simultaneously, prolongs standby time.
Described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is widely deployed in wild animal zone of action or near zone, take ZigBee technology as basis, by Ad hoc mode, forms network.
The described image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theory is: first piece image X being divided into several sizes is the sub-block x of B * B
i, each sub-block is carried out to discrete cosine transform (DCT) conversion and obtains corresponding rarefaction representation θ
i, to each θ
ichoose identical observing matrix (gaussian random matrix) and observe, obtain measured value y
i, then to measured value y
iquantize and Huffman encoding, finally obtain the signal p of compression.Reconstruct is that p is carried out to Hafman decoding, inverse quantization, obtains measured value y
ithen to each measured value y
iby orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (OMP) reconstruct, the image X ' after dct transform and image reorganization are restored.
Described base station is connected with the Internet, by the infrared picture data receiving by internet transmission to wild animal monitoring center.
Adopt 3G network to connect Radio infrared image sensor network and base station.
Described wild animal monitoring center is connected with the Internet, and 3D generalized information system is installed, and is provided with wild animal Image Database, and scientific research personnel can store and analyze collected infrared picture data.
Traditional conservation of wildlife monitoring means is backward in technique, efficiency is low, has seriously hindered normally carrying out of conservation of wildlife work.The present invention utilizes Internet of Things framework, and advanced Radio infrared image sensor network technology and mobile radio networks technology are combined, and has realized the covering completely to wild animal monitored area; The present invention is by the infrared image of Radio infrared imageing sensor node automatic shooting wild animal, without artificial participation; The present invention is based on advanced compressive sensing theory and propose to be suitable for all image compression algorithms of the low complex degree of limited wireless image sensor network of disposal ability, power supply cruising time and transmission bandwidth; Meanwhile, can the view data collecting be passed back to wild animal monitoring center in time by Radio infrared image sensor network and mobile radio networks analyzes for researcher.The present invention's design is the successful Application of wireless sensor network aspect wild animal monitoring for protection, is conducive to realize round-the-clock, long-range, the Real-Time Monitoring to wild animal, for the resource that saves the wild animals, has great using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Radio infrared imageing sensor node;
Fig. 3 is the hardware configuration schematic diagram of Radio infrared imageing sensor node;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of Radio infrared imageing sensor node;
Fig. 5 is the hardware configuration schematic diagram of aggregation node;
Fig. 6 is the workflow diagram of aggregation node;
The image compression algorithm flow chart of Fig. 7 based on compressed sensing;
Fig. 8 is the functional schematic of base station.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
System configuration of the present invention comprises Radio infrared image sensor network, three major parts in base station and wild animal monitoring center, and it forms structure as shown in Figure 1, is described as follows:
Radio infrared image sensor network (1) comprises a plurality of Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes and aggregation node; Radio infrared imageing sensor node (2) is comprised of image capture module, image processing module, wireless communication module, GPS module and supply module, described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors, a plurality of infrared LED, light sensor and two steering wheels, the induction angle of described pyroelectric infrared sensor is 120 °, 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors are respectively towards 3 directions, and induction range non-overlapping copies.Radio infrared imageing sensor node is usually in resting state, once there be wild animal to enter search coverage, Radio infrared imageing sensor node starts immediately, and by controlling the rotational angle of two steering wheels, camera lens is adjusted to, the corresponding direction of pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal detected, carry out picture shooting.Light sensor judges that whether light is sufficient, and when bright and clear, take a picture is colour picture; During insufficient light, start infrared LED and throw light on, take a picture is black-and-white photograph.Radio infrared imageing sensor node can be realized round-the-clock collection, compression and send wild animal infrared picture data and forward the infrared picture data of other Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes, realizes GPS positioning function simultaneously.A plurality of Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes are widely deployed in wild animal zone of action or near zone, take ZigBee technology as basis, by Ad hoc mode, form Radio infrared image sensor network; The aggregation node of Radio infrared image sensor network (3), for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network (1) and 3G network (4), makes Radio infrared image sensor network (1) set up and be connected reliably with base station (5).It is upper that the view data of Radio infrared imageing sensor node (2) is finally sent to the aggregation node (3) of Radio infrared image sensor network (1), by aggregation node (3), concentrated and view data is sent to base station (5) locates; Adopt 3G network (4) to connect Radio infrared image sensor network (1) and base station (5); Base station (5) is connected with the Internet (6), and the view data that responsible handle receives is transferred to wild animal monitoring center (7) by the Internet (6); Adopt the Internet (6) to connect base station (5) and wild animal monitoring center (7); Wild animal monitoring center (7) is connected with the Internet (6), and 3D generalized information system is installed, and is provided with wild animal Image Database, and scientific research personnel can store and analyze collected infrared picture data.
In order to adapt to view data, process complicated and take into account the problem of energy consumption, the Radio infrared imageing sensor node that ARM is kernel control chip is take in the present invention's design, can complete IMAQ and compression, wireless routing and communications function.Radio infrared imageing sensor node system design of the present invention forms and mainly comprises: four parts such as image capture module, image processing center, ZigBee wireless communication module and supply module.Its structural representation as shown in Figure 2, Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors (5) and a plurality of infrared LED (1), the induction angle of pyroelectric infrared sensor (5) is 120 °, 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors (5) are respectively towards 3 directions, and induction range non-overlapping copies.Radio infrared imageing sensor node is usually in resting state, once there be wild animal to enter pyroelectric infrared sensor (5) search coverage, Radio infrared imageing sensor node starts immediately, and by controlling two steering wheels (4), camera lens is adjusted to, the corresponding direction of pyroelectric infrared sensor (5) of wild animal detected, carry out picture shooting.By light sensor (3), judge that whether light is sufficient, when bright and clear, take a picture is colour picture; Start infrared LED (1) during insufficient light night and throw light on, take a picture is black-and-white photograph.In addition, other modules of Radio infrared imageing sensor node are all placed in containment vessel (6), and support (7) can be adjusted the height of shooting as required.
Radio infrared imageing sensor node hardware block diagram as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, image capture module is comprised of infraluminescence LED, pyroelectric infrared sensor, light sensor, imageing sensor and motor.Image processing center be take ARM microprocessor as core, comprises the peripheral expansion circuit such as image information interruption control, view data coding/decoding apparatus, view data A/D conversion, image data memory device, same/Asynchronous Serial Interface and general purpose I/O interface.ZigBee wireless communication module comprises the modules such as low noise amplifier, filtering and frequency mixer, power amplifier, modulation and demodulation, A/D and D/A and control logic.Solar cell for supplying power module is comprised of storage battery, chopper circuit, solar cell, controller and measuring circuit etc.
Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equivalent to the child node of aggregation node, the networking of self-organizing formula, it is the basic unit's link in Radio infrared image sensor network, direct and wild animal IMAQ is associated, to after Data Compression, transmit, groundwork has: node wakes up, wild animal IMAQ, image compression encoding, transmission data, enter dormancy etc., and specific works flow process as shown in Figure 4.
Radio infrared imageing sensor node is generally in park mode, after receiving infra-red heat induction triggering signal and being waken up, give an order and adjust camera lens by steering wheel at once, the corresponding direction of pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal detected, simultaneously, by light sensor, judge that whether light is sufficient, if inadequate, start infrared LED illumination, imageing sensor carries out wild animal IMAQ, then sends to image processing module to carry out compressed encoding the view data collecting; GPS module starts, and obtains locator data; Meanwhile, send request and add network, wait for that replying of aggregation node successfully adds after network, start the view data after compressed encoding and locator data to send to superior node, superior node sends response bits, after determining and receiving successfully, Radio infrared imageing sensor node proceeds to again resting state, moves in circles like this.
Described aggregation node module is used for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network and 3G network, realizing Radio infrared image sensor network is connected reliably with the foundation of base station, realize the transmitted in both directions of data, meet wireless sensor network demand in actual applications.The aggregation node hardware configuration building herein as shown in Figure 5.Aggregation node comprises wireless communication module, gateway processor module, wireless ZigBee communication module and solar cell for supplying power module.Wherein, wireless communication module is comprised of modulation and demodulation, base band signal process and usim card.Gateway processor module be take arm processor as core, comprises the peripheral expansion circuit such as memory, Ethernet interface, protocol stack, routing management, same/Asynchronous Serial Interface and general purpose I/O interface.ZigBee wireless communication module comprises the modules such as low noise amplifier, filtering and frequency mixer, power amplifier, modulation and demodulation, A/D and D/A and control logic.Solar cell for supplying power module is comprised of storage battery, chopper circuit, solar cell, controller and measuring circuit etc.
Aggregation node is mainly responsible for setting up and supervising the network, allows or refuses any one sensing node to network, and the Data Collection of each Radio infrared imageing sensor node is sent to base station by 3G network.Its course of work is generally divided into: node wakes up, sets up network, adds ingress, waits for data message, sends data, enters dormancy.The specific works flow process of gateway node as shown in Figure 6.
Aggregation node, at ordinary times in park mode, once receive the request signal that adds network, carries out rapidly system initialization, starts to set up network.When setting up network, aggregation node can constantly be searched for empty channel, if search a certain channel, by another aggregation node, taken, and search again, until search out vacant channels, it does respective identification immediately, prepares to set up the network of oneself.Aggregation node determines whether to add Radio infrared imageing sensor node according to the resource requirement of oneself, if select to add this node, to it, distributes a network address, forms new network.Wait for to receive view data and locator data simultaneously, by 3G network, send to base station after receiving successfully.
As shown in Figure 7, first piece image X is divided into several sizes is the sub-block x of B * B to the described image compression algorithm flow chart based on compressive sensing theory
i, each sub-block is converted and obtains corresponding vector representation θ
i, to each θ
ichoose identical observing matrix Φ
bobserve, obtain measured value y
i=Φ
b* θ
i, then to measured value y
icarry out differential pulse coding modulation and Huffman encoding, finally obtain the signal p of compression.Reconstruct is that p is carried out to Hafman decoding, differential pulse decode modulated, obtains measured value y
ithen to each measured value y
iby the reconstruct of iterative projection (SPL) algorithm, the image X ' after image reorganization is restored.
Base station, is comprised of computer and data transmission unit, and its structure chart as shown in Figure 8.Base station major function is: receive the wild animal infrared picture data that Radio infrared image sensor network collects, then by internet transmission to wild animal monitoring center.
Wild animal monitoring center be one take SQLite database and GUI as basic platform, adopt the multifunctional information management system of C Plus Plus exploitation, 3DGIS system is installed.Mainly storage information of database comprises: wild animal kind, feature, occur place, infrared image etc.Main modular comprises: signal dispatcher module, information retrieval, Data Update and safety management.
The above; it is only preferably embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the embodiment of the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (3)
1. the wild animal monitoring system building based on wireless image sensor network, is comprised of Radio infrared image sensor network, base station and wild animal monitoring center.It is characterized in that described Radio infrared image sensor network can realize automatic collection, compression and the transmission of wild animal surveillance map picture; Described wild animal monitoring center is provided with 3D generalized information system; Described wild animal monitoring system adopts the image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theory, is suitable for all limited wireless image sensor networks of disposal ability, power supply cruising time and transmission bandwidth.
2. a kind of wild animal monitoring system building based on wireless image sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Radio infrared image sensor network comprises a plurality of Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes and aggregation node: described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is by image capture module, image processing module, wireless communication module, GPS module and supply module form, described Radio infrared imageing sensor node is equipped with 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors, a plurality of infrared LEDs, light sensor and two steering wheels, the induction angle of described pyroelectric infrared sensor is 120 °, 3 pyroelectric infrared sensors are respectively towards 3 directions, and induction range non-overlapping copies.Radio infrared imageing sensor node is usually in resting state, once there be wild animal to enter search coverage, Radio infrared imageing sensor node starts immediately, and by controlling the rotational angle of two steering wheels, camera lens is adjusted to, the corresponding direction of pyroelectric infrared sensor of wild animal detected, carry out picture shooting.Light sensor judges that whether light is sufficient, and when bright and clear, take a picture is colour picture; During insufficient light, start infrared LED and throw light on, take a picture is black-and-white photograph.Radio infrared imageing sensor node can be realized round-the-clock collection, compression and send wild animal infrared picture data and forward the infrared picture data of other Radio infrared imageing sensor nodes, realizes GPS positioning function simultaneously; Described aggregation node module is used for connecting Radio infrared image sensor network and 3G network, realizes Radio infrared image sensor network and is connected with the reliable of base station, concentrates infrared picture data is sent to base station by 3G network.
3. the image compression algorithm based on compressive sensing theory is characterized by that first piece image X to be divided into several sizes be the sub-block x of B * B according to claim 1
i, each sub-block is converted and obtains corresponding vector representation θ
i, to each θ
ichoose identical observing matrix Φ
bobserve, obtain measured value y
i=Φ
b* θ
i, then to measured value y
icarry out differential pulse coding modulation and Huffman encoding, finally obtain the signal p of compression.Reconstruct is that p is carried out to Hafman decoding, differential pulse decode modulated, obtains measured value y
ithen to each measured value y
iby the reconstruct of iterative projection (SPL) algorithm, the image X ' after image reorganization is restored.
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