CN103560232A - Preparation method of S-C positive pole composite material of high cycle performance lithium sulfur battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of S-C positive pole composite material of high cycle performance lithium sulfur battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN103560232A CN103560232A CN201310462336.5A CN201310462336A CN103560232A CN 103560232 A CN103560232 A CN 103560232A CN 201310462336 A CN201310462336 A CN 201310462336A CN 103560232 A CN103560232 A CN 103560232A
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an S-C positive pole microwave composite material of a high cycle performance lithium sulfur battery. Firstly, sulfur, carbon materials are put into a ball mill for ball-milling mixing, and then put into a microwave oven for microwave heating and compositing to prepare the S-C positive pole microwave composite material with high dispersion uniformity. The S-C positive pole microwave composite material and a conductive agent are ground and mixed uniformly, the S-C positive pole microwave composite material and a binder are dispersed in an organic solvent in a certain proportion, and stirred to prepare paste, and then the paste is evenly coated onto a current collector sheet, and dried to prepare a positive pole. The preparation method adopts an advanced microwave heating method, has the advantages of fast heating speed, mild conditions and high efficiency, the prepared positive pole composite material is stable in structure, the battery has good cycle stability, at the same time, the commercial carbon material with low price is used, the material cost is greatly reduced, and the preparation method is suitable for popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of electrochemical batteries, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of high cycle performance lithium-sulfur cell S-C anode composite material.
Background technology
The theoretical specific capacity of elemental sulfur is 1675mAh/g, forms lithium-sulfur cell with lithium metal, and theoretical specific energy reaches 2600Wh/kg, far above the common positive electrode LiCoO of lithium ion battery
2, LiMnO
2, LiFePO
4capacity.In addition, cheap and easy to get, the advantages of environment protection of elemental sulfur also makes it have scale using value.
Yet, be limited to the insulating properties of sulphur and discharging product lithium sulfide thereof, and a series of many lithium sulfides intermediate products that form in charge and discharge process are soluble in the characteristics such as electrolyte, it is on the low side that lithium-sulfur cell exists the anodal utilance of sulphur, the shortcomings such as cycle performance is poor, thereby be difficult to actual utilization.In order to solve above-mentioned series of problems, researchers are many improves the performance of lithium-sulfur cell from following three aspects: (1) adds the conductivity of one or more conductive substrates materials and the compound raising material of elemental sulfur; (2) by adsorbing, be coated or prepare the stripping that the methods such as all solid state lithium-sulfur cell limit many sulphions; (3) by methods such as sputter, surface are coated, cathode of lithium is protected.
Aspect prepared by composite material, comparatively ripe system has sulphur/carbon complex system and sulphur/polymer composites at present.By elemental sulfur is mutually compound with the material with carbon element with high conductivity, high-ratio surface, high pore capacities, can effectively improve the conductivity of composite material, reduce particle diameter and the ionic conduction distance of sulphur, and suppress the dissolving of intermediate product and move to negative pole, thereby can improve the utilance of elemental sulfur, improve its cycle performance.For example, (the Nature Materials of Nazar seminar, 2009,8:500 – 506) by heating and melting method, elemental sulfur is introduced and had in the CMK-3 mesoporous carbon of order mesoporous structure (aperture 3～4nm), preparing sulfur content is the CMK-3/S composite material of 70wt%.Under 0.1C multiplying power, discharge capacity is 1005mA h/g first, and the reversible capacity after 20 circle circulations is 800mA h/g.Cui Yi seminar (Nano Letters, 2011,11 (10), 4462 – 4467) makes hollow carbon nanotube by template, uses equally heating and melting method absorption elemental sulfur, under 0.2C multiplying power through 150 cyclic discharge capacity 730mA h/g.The same year, they also made Graphene/sulfur compound by liquid phase method at (Nano Letters, 2011,11 (7), 2644 – 2647), and were coated with PEG, discharge capacity 600mA h/g after more than 100 circulation.Above method, utilize various nano-sized carbon and elemental sulfur to carry out fusion method compound, improved to a certain extent the discharge capacity of first tens times, but whole cycle performance is still not good, and nano-sized carbon manufacture method is complicated and expensive, sulphur carbon is grown (>=8h) recombination time, makes a practical segment distance in addition of lithium-sulfur cell, also needs continuous improvement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide in order to improve the deficiencies in the prior art a kind of preparation method of high cycle performance lithium-sulfur cell S-C anode composite material.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: utilize the strong wave absorbtion of material with carbon element and quick, the high efficiency of microwave heating method, the synthetic S-C composite material with high homogeneity and stability; And the good electronic transmission performance that material with carbon element itself has, makes sulphur can effectively participate in electrochemical reaction.Simultaneously, the hole having due to material with carbon element itself can effectively adsorb and hold sulphur, suppress the dissolving of discharging product and to the migration of negative pole, reduce self discharge and the polysulfide ion effect of shuttling back and forth, avoid the non-conductive product when discharging and recharging to become more and more thick insulating barrier in carbon granules outside deposition, thereby alleviate polarization, extend cycle life.And the method easy amplification simple to operate, properties of product consistency is higher.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of high cycle performance lithium-sulfur cell S-C anode composite material, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) sublimed sulfur and material with carbon element being put into ball mill for dry grinding mixes;
(2) the good S-C composite powder of ball milling is put on microwave oven specimen rotating holder, after microwave oven body is vacuumized, passed into protection gas, be heated to the melt temperature of sulphur, insulation, makes S-C microwave composite material;
(3) by the S-C microwave composite material making and conductive agent ground and mixed evenly after, then be dispersed in solvent with binding agent, stir, make slurry;
(4) slurry modulating is evenly coated on collector thin slice, after vacuumize, makes S-C anode composite material.
Material with carbon element described in preferred steps (1) is acetylene black, Ketjen black, the commercialization carbon blacks such as BP2000; Preferably the mass ratio of sulphur and material with carbon element is 1.5～4:1; Preferred spheres time consuming is for being 5～12h, and ball milling speed is 200～450r/min.
Microwave oven sample stage rotating speed described in preferred steps (2) is 4-5r/min; Described heating-up temperature is 120 ℃～180 ℃; Heating rate is 14～26 ℃/min; Temperature retention time is 60～180s, and microwave output power is 1.8～3kW; Protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen.
Solvent described in preferred steps (3) is 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, acetone or deionized water; The addition of solvent is for dissolving raw material.In preferred steps (3), conductive agent is acetylene black, Ketjen black, the commercialization carbon blacks such as BP2000; Binding agent is the aqueous dispersions (LA133) of Kynoar (PVDF) or acrylonitrile multiple copolymer; The mass ratio of S-C microwave composite material, conductive agent and binding agent is 7:(1～2): (1～2).
The described collector thin slice of preferred steps (4) is aluminium book; Vacuumize system is 50～70 ℃, is incubated 8～14h.
Press the prepared S-C microwave composite material of such scheme, through elementary analysis test, wherein S content, between 47%-60%wt, effectively guarantees the content of active material in positive electrode.
Beneficial effect:
The preparation method of a kind of high cycle performance lithium-sulfur cell S-C anode composite material of the present invention is microwave heating method, because thermal effect and the non-thermal effect of microwave affects the carrying out of chemical reaction simultaneously, under the effect of its thermal effect, S can reach melt temperature very fast, sintering time is short, sulphur has little time volatiling reaction and just completes fast, so sulfur content changes little before and after microwave sintering.Due to the strong absorbing property of material with carbon element, the vibration of strong molecular heat make the more traditional heat of sulfur molecule transmit like heating means, can make better sulphur enter in the hole of carbon and accomplish good filling, make carbon can be coated well sulphur.And the mobility of molten sulfur in addition molecular heat vibration may make sulphur carbon be more evenly distributed, and self-control forms a best sulphur carbon mixed form, and its structure is more stable, has stronger cycle performance.The material with carbon element using in this invention is commercial production formed material, and price is low, can realize serialization and produce, and operating procedure is simple, and power consumption less, productive rate is high, and properties of product consistency is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1 product;
Fig. 2 is SEM figure and C, the S unit vegetarian noodles scintigram of the embodiment of the present invention 1 product; Wherein a is the prepared S-C microwave composite material SEM figure of embodiment 1, and b is that C unit vegetarian noodles scintigram, c are S unit vegetarian noodles scintigram;
Fig. 3 is the cycle electric performance curve of the embodiment of the present invention 1 product under 0.2C and 0.5C multiplying power;
Fig. 4 is the XRD figure of the embodiment of the present invention 2 products.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Take respectively 1.4g sublimed sulfur and 0.6g Ketjen black conductive carbon black, be put in ball grinder, add agate ball, on ball mill with the rotating speed ball milling 10h of 250r/min, the S-C composite powder that obtains mixing.Again the S-C composite powder of crossing through ball milling is placed on the rotating platform of microwave oven, after vacuumizing, pass into nitrogen, controlling rotating platform rotating speed is 4.5r/min, heating rate is 18 ℃/min, in 149 ℃ of insulation 120s, microwave output power is 2.4kW, and obtaining sulfur content is the S-C microwave composite material of 55.53wt%.Take 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE as organic solvent, prepared S-C microwave composite material and acetylene black, PVDF are sized mixing with mass ratio 7:1:2.Finally the slurry mixing up is evenly coated on aluminium book, and is placed in vacuum drying chamber in 60 ℃ of insulation 12h.Fig. 1 is the XRD figure of gained sample, and as seen from the figure, wider diffraction maximum has illustrated the existence of amorphous state sulphur, and weak characteristic peak has shown simultaneous crystalline state sulphur, and without any dephasign.Fig. 2 is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph and the face scintigram of gained sample, and as seen from the figure, in S-C microwave composite material, S, C distribute very evenly.Fig. 3 is for take this material as anodal, metal lithium sheet is done the button simulated battery that negative pole is assembled into, cycle electric performance curve under 0.2C, 0.5C multiplying power respectively, as seen from the figure, through 500 circulations, battery capacity conservation rate is still very high, and under 0.2C multiplying power, capacity can reach 550mAh/g, under 0.5C multiplying power, capacity can reach 389mAh/g, demonstrates good cycle performance.
Embodiment 2
Take respectively 1.6g sublimed sulfur and 0.4g acetylene black, be put in ball grinder, add agate ball, on ball mill with the rotating speed ball milling 8h of 300r/min, the S-C composite powder that obtains mixing.Again the S-C composite powder of crossing through ball milling is placed on the rotating platform of microwave oven, after vacuumizing, pass into argon gas, controlling rotating platform rotating speed is 4r/min, heating rate is 15 ℃/min, in 125 ℃ of insulation 150s, microwave output power is 2.0kW, and obtaining sulfur content is the S-C microwave composite material of 59.26wt%.Fig. 4 is the XRD figure of gained sample, as seen from the figure, the existence of crystalline state and amorphous state sulphur has been described simultaneously, and without any dephasign.Take deionized water as solvent, prepared S-C microwave composite material and Ketjen black conductive carbon black, LA133 are sized mixing with mass ratio 7:2:1.Finally the slurry mixing up is evenly coated on aluminium book, and is placed in vacuum drying chamber in 55 ℃ of insulation 14h.Take this material as anodal, and metal lithium sheet is done negative pole and is assembled into button simulated battery, through electric performance test, its under 0.5C multiplying power after 200 cycle charge-discharges capacity still can reach 500mAh/g.
Embodiment 3
Take respectively 1.2g sublimed sulfur and 0.8g BP2000 conductive carbon black, be put in ball grinder, add agate ball, on ball mill with the rotating speed ball milling 5h of 400r/min, the S-C composite powder that obtains mixing.The S-C composite powder through ball milling is placed on the rotating platform of microwave oven again, after vacuumizing, passes into nitrogen, controlling rotating platform rotating speed is 5r/min, heating rate is 25 ℃/min, in 170 ℃ of insulation 90s, microwave output power is 2.8kW, and obtaining sulfur content is the S-C microwave composite material of 48.11wt%.Take acetone as organic solvent, prepared S-C microwave composite material, BP2000 conductive carbon black and PVDF are sized mixing with mass ratio 7:1.5:1.5.Finally the slurry mixing up is evenly coated on aluminium book, and is placed in vacuum drying chamber in 65 ℃ of insulation 10h.Take this material as anodal, and metal lithium sheet is done negative pole and is assembled into button simulated battery, through electric performance test, its under 0.2C multiplying power after 200 cycle charge-discharges capacity still can reach 700mAh/g.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for high cycle performance lithium-sulfur cell S-C anode composite material, its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) sublimed sulfur and material with carbon element being put into ball mill for dry grinding mixes;
(2) the good S-C composite powder of ball milling is put on microwave oven specimen rotating holder, after microwave oven body is vacuumized, passed into protection gas, be heated to the melt temperature of sulphur, insulation, makes S-C microwave composite material;
(3) by the S-C microwave composite material making and conductive agent ground and mixed evenly after, then be dispersed in solvent with binding agent, stir, make slurry;
(4) slurry modulating is evenly coated on collector thin slice, after vacuumize, makes S-C anode composite material.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the material with carbon element described in step (1) is acetylene black, Ketjen black or BP2000; The mass ratio of sulphur and material with carbon element is 1.5～4:1.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (1), Ball-milling Time is for being 5～12h, and ball milling speed is 200～450r/min.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, the rotating speed that it is characterized in that the microwave oven sample stage described in step (2) is 4-5r/min; Described heating-up temperature is 120 ℃～180 ℃; Heating rate is 14～26 ℃/min; Temperature retention time is 60～180s; The microwave output power of microwave oven is 1.8～3kW; Protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the solvent described in step (3) is 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, acetone or deionized water; Described conductive agent is acetylene black, Ketjen black or BP2000; Described binding agent is the aqueous dispersions of Kynoar or acrylonitrile multiple copolymer; The mass ratio of S-C microwave composite material, conductive agent and binding agent is 7:(1～2): (1～2).
6. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described collector thin slice of step (4) is aluminium book; Vacuumize system is 50～70 ℃, and be 8～14h drying time.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN104022267A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-03 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Sandwich-structure sulfur-graphene-conductive polymer composite material, preparation and application |
| CN104600296A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-06 | 山东玉皇新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of Se-C positive electrode composite material of lithium-selenium battery |
| CN108598415A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of composite material and preparation method for lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode |
| CN109037662A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-18 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of lithium-sulfur cell sulphur carbon composite anode material preparation method |
| CN110380014A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-10-25 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of preparation method of the composite anode material for lithium sulfur battery of high stability |
| CN111066181A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2020-04-24 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Sulfur-carbon composite, method for producing same, and lithium secondary battery comprising sulfur-carbon composite |
| CN111095622A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2020-05-01 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Sulfur-carbon composite, method for preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
| CN111211289A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-05-29 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | Composite positive electrode, current collector-free composite electrode structure, preparation method of current collector-free composite electrode structure and battery |
| CN113991073A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-28 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Preparation method of lithium sulfide electrode material |
| US11342546B2 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2022-05-24 | NOHMs Technologies, Inc. | Method of infusing sulfur and resulting composition |
| CN114583144A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-03 | 西安理工大学 | Mechanical thermal synthesis method of sulfur-carbon anode material with fine network structure |
| CN114792777A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-26 | 西安交通大学 | Ultra-fine sulfur/carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115398672A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-11-25 | 诺姆斯科技股份有限公司 | Method for injecting sulfur and resulting composition |
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| CN108598415A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of composite material and preparation method for lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode |
| CN108598415B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2020-05-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Composite material for lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN109037662A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-18 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of lithium-sulfur cell sulphur carbon composite anode material preparation method |
| CN109037662B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-11-10 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of sulfur-carbon composite positive electrode material for lithium-sulfur battery |
| CN110380014A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-10-25 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of preparation method of the composite anode material for lithium sulfur battery of high stability |
| CN115398672A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-11-25 | 诺姆斯科技股份有限公司 | Method for injecting sulfur and resulting composition |
| US11342546B2 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2022-05-24 | NOHMs Technologies, Inc. | Method of infusing sulfur and resulting composition |
| CN111211289A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-05-29 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | Composite positive electrode, current collector-free composite electrode structure, preparation method of current collector-free composite electrode structure and battery |
| CN113991073A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-28 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Preparation method of lithium sulfide electrode material |
| CN113991073B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-08-11 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Preparation method of lithium sulfide electrode material |
| CN114583144A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-03 | 西安理工大学 | Mechanical thermal synthesis method of sulfur-carbon anode material with fine network structure |
| CN114792777A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-26 | 西安交通大学 | Ultra-fine sulfur/carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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