CN103554422B - 一种阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料 - Google Patents
一种阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：A料：聚醚多元醇100、玻璃纤维粉末4-5、水3-4、冬青油3-5、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷3-4、超细硫酸钡15-20、羟乙基纤维素1-2、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1-2、二甲基乙醇胺2-3、改性凹凸棒土6-8；B料：多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯20-24。本发明添加改性凹凸棒土，不仅具有吸附作用，而且是一种很好的物理阻燃剂，具有优异的阻燃作用；采用环保发泡剂，配合玻璃纤维粉末，绝热效果优异；在相对低密度下具有良好的强度及压缩性能，对环境友好无害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发泡材料，特别是一种阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫塑料是异氰酸酯和羟基化合物经聚合发泡制成，按其硬度可分为软质和硬质两类，其中软质为主要品种。一般来说，它具有极佳的弹性、柔软性、伸长率和压缩强度；化学稳定性好，耐许多溶剂和油类；耐磨性优良，较天然海绵大20倍；还有优良的加工性、绝热性、粘合性等性能，是一种性能优良的缓冲材料，但价格较高。聚氨酯泡沫塑料一般只用于高档精密仪器、贵重器械、高档工艺品等的缓冲包装或衬垫缓冲材料，也可制成精致的、保护性极好的包装容器；还可采用现场发泡对物品进行缓冲包装。
凹凸棒土是含水富镁硅酸盐晶体矿物，具有独特的层链状结构、不同寻常的胶体性能和强大的吸附能力；另外，凹凸棒土具有众多平行于棒晶方向的纳米级沸石孔道，因而具有相当大的内表面积；同时其晶体颗粒非常小，外表面积也很大。凹凸棒土的吸附作用分为物理吸附及化学吸附。天然的凹凸棒石黏土包含一些矿物杂质，如蒙脱石、高岭石、碳酸盐、少量微粒石英和长石，可能堵塞孔道，降低表面积，削弱了整体的物化性能，从而使凹凸棒石黏土的胶体性、吸附性等在工业使用中受到很大的影响。活化改性的方法可以除去天然凹凸棒石黏土的杂质，增加比表面积，提高其吸附和离子交换性能，使凹凸棒石黏土广泛地应用于吸附、脱色、胶体泥浆、催化剂及载体等领域。凹凸棒土中含有沸石水和结晶水，当泡沫塑料燃烧时释放出来的水可以降低泡沫塑料的温度，从而起到一定的阻燃作用；另外，凹凸棒土中含有Mg、Si元素，燃烧时生成的氧化物覆盖在泡沫塑料表面隔绝氧气，从而达到阻燃的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃保温聚氨酯泡沫材料。
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明通过以下方案实施：
一种阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料，由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：
A料：聚醚多元醇100、玻璃纤维粉末4-5、水3-4、冬青油3-5、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷3-4、超细硫酸钡15-20、羟乙基纤维素1-2、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1-2、二甲基乙醇胺2-3、改性凹凸棒土6-8；
B料：多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯20-24。
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备：称取下列重量份的原料：凹凸棒土95-110、铁矿渣1-2、秸秆灰烬50-55、石膏3-4、苯乙烯2-3、抗坏血酸2-3、双氰胺1-2、碳酸氢铵3-4、乙酸乙酯3-4、二辛酯4-5、***钠5-6、硼砂3-4、氯化石蜡1-2；制备方法是将凹凸棒土、铁矿渣、石膏放入煅烧炉中，在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时，取出，与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合，研磨至得到300-400目粉末，然后，再加入苯乙烯、抗坏血酸、双氰胺混合，继续研磨30-45分钟，至充分分散，再加入其它剩余成分，继续研磨30-45分钟后，在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟，即得改性凹凸棒土。
本发明所述阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料，由以下具体步骤制备而成：
将A料各原料混合，在常温下研磨20-30分钟，得到浆料；再将B料加入A料中，200-300转/分搅拌30-45秒；浇注到模具中自由发泡，获得模坯；然后，连同模具一起将模坯送入隧道式烘箱中，分段升温：40-45℃下，反应15-25分钟；再在55-65℃下，反应10-15分钟；再在75-85℃下，反应5-10分钟；最后在90-100℃下熟化5-7小时。
本发明添加改性凹凸棒土，不仅具有吸附作用，而且是一种很好的物理阻燃剂，具有优异的阻燃作用；采用环保发泡剂，配合玻璃纤维粉末，绝热效果优异；在相对低密度下具有良好的强度及压缩性能，对环境友好无害。
具体实施方案
下面通过具体实例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料，由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：
A料：各原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：聚醚多元醇100、玻璃纤维粉末4、水3、冬青油3、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷3、超细硫酸钡15、羟乙基纤维素1、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1、二甲基乙醇胺2、改性凹凸棒土6；
B料：各原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯20。
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备：称取下列重量份（公斤）的原料：凹凸棒土95、铁矿渣1、秸秆灰烬50、石膏3、苯乙烯2、抗坏血酸2、双氰胺1、碳酸氢铵3、乙酸乙酯3、二辛酯4、***钠5、硼砂3、氯化石蜡1；制备方法是将凹凸棒土、铁矿渣、石膏放入煅烧炉中，在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时，取出，与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合，研磨至得到300-400目粉末，然后，再加入苯乙烯、抗坏血酸、双氰胺混合，继续研磨30-45分钟，至充分分散，再加入其它剩余成分，继续研磨30-45分钟后，在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟，即得改性凹凸棒土。
本发明所述阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料，由以下具体步骤制备而成：
将A料各原料混合，在常温下研磨20-30分钟，得到浆料；再将B料加入A料中，200-300转/分搅拌30-45秒；浇注到模具中自由发泡，获得模坯；然后，连同模具一起将模坯送入隧道式烘箱中，分段升温：40-45℃下，反应15-25分钟；再在55-65℃下，反应10-15分钟；再在75-85℃下，反应5-10分钟；最后在90-100℃下熟化5-7小时。
所得的材料各功能参数如下： 压缩强度(MPa)： 0.22，氧指数：25，导热系数(W/mK)：0.036。
Claims (1)
1.一种阻燃保温硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：
A料：聚醚多元醇100、玻璃纤维粉末4-5、水3-4、冬青油3-5、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷3-4、超细硫酸钡15-20、羟乙基纤维素1-2、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1-2、二甲基乙醇胺2-3、改性凹凸棒土6-8；
B料：多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯20-24；
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备：称取下列重量份的原料：凹凸棒土95-110、铁矿渣1-2、秸秆灰烬50-55、石膏3-4、苯乙烯2-3、抗坏血酸2-3、双氰胺1-2、碳酸氢铵3-4、乙酸乙酯3-4、二辛酯4-5、***钠5-6、硼砂3-4、氯化石蜡1-2；制备方法是将凹凸棒土、铁矿渣、石膏放入煅烧炉中，在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时，取出，与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合，研磨至得到300-400目粉末，然后，再加入苯乙烯、抗坏血酸、双氰胺混合，继续研磨30-45分钟，至充分分散，再加入其它剩余成分，继续研磨30-45分钟后，在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟，即得改性凹凸棒土。
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| CN102786646A (zh) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏大学 | 一种酸改性凹凸棒土-聚氨酯多孔材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN102010587A (zh) * | 2010-11-04 | 2011-04-13 | 滁州友林科技发展有限公司 | 一种新型阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法及其产品 |
| CN102786646A (zh) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏大学 | 一种酸改性凹凸棒土-聚氨酯多孔材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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