CN103483531A - 一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成:A料:各原料重量份为(重量份为公斤):聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕10-12、水4-5、聚丙烯酰胺6.0-8.0、二乙烯三胺1.1-1.3、陶瓷渣粉末25-30、季戊四醇3-4、明矾粉5-7、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1-2、聚丙烯酸丁酯1-2、改性凹凸棒土6-8;B料:原料重量份为(重量份为公斤):多异氰酸酯30-40。本发明添加改性凹凸棒土,不仅具有吸附作用,而且是一种很好的物理阻燃剂,具有优异的阻燃作用;利用豆粕制备聚氨酯泡沫,对环境友好,可降解,而且豆粕来源广、成本低,解决了聚氨酯泡沫成本高的缺点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泡沫,特别是一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫塑料是异氰酸酯和羟基化合物经聚合发泡制成,按其硬度可分为软质和硬质两类,其中软质为主要品种。一般来说,它具有极佳的弹性、柔软性、伸长率和压缩强度;化学稳定性好,耐许多溶剂和油类;耐磨性优良,较天然海绵大20倍;还有优良的加工性、绝热性、粘合性等性能,是一种性能优良的缓冲材料,但价格较高。聚氨酯泡沫塑料一般只用于高档精密仪器、贵重器械、高档工艺品等的缓冲包装或衬垫缓冲材料,也可制成精致的、保护性极好的包装容器;还可采用现场发泡对物品进行缓冲包装。
凹凸棒土是含水富镁硅酸盐晶体矿物,具有独特的层链状结构、不同寻常的胶体性能和强大的吸附能力;另外,凹凸棒土具有众多平行于棒晶方向的纳米级沸石孔道,因而具有相当大的内表面积;同时其晶体颗粒非常小,外表面积也很大。凹凸棒土的吸附作用分为物理吸附及化学吸附。天然的凹凸棒石黏土包含一些矿物杂质,如蒙脱石、高岭石、碳酸盐、少量微粒石英和长石,可能堵塞孔道,降低表面积,削弱了整体的物化性能,从而使凹凸棒石黏土的胶体性、吸附性等在工业使用中受到很大的影响。活化改性的方法可以除去天然凹凸棒石黏土的杂质,增加比表面积,提高其吸附和离子交换性能,使凹凸棒石黏土广泛地应用于吸附、脱色、胶体泥浆、催化剂及载体等领域。凹凸棒土中含有沸石水和结晶水,当泡沫塑料燃烧时释放出来的水可以降低泡沫塑料的温度,从而起到一定的阻燃作用;另外,凹凸棒土中含有Mg、Si元素,燃烧时生成的氧化物覆盖在泡沫塑料表面隔绝氧气,从而达到阻燃的目的。
豆粕是大豆提取豆油后得到的一种副产品。按照提取的方法不同,可以分为一浸豆粕和二浸豆粕二种。其中以浸提法提取豆油后的副产品为一浸豆粕,而先以压榨取油,再经过浸提取油后所得的副产品称为二浸豆粕。在整个加工过程中,对温度的控制极为重要,温度过高会影响到蛋白质含量,从而直接关系到豆粕的质量和使用;温度过低会增加豆粕的水份含量,而水份含量高则会影响储存期内豆粕的质量。一浸豆粕的生产工艺较为先进,蛋白质含量高,是中国国内目前现货市场上流通的主要品种。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃、可降解的豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料。
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明通过以下方案实施:
一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料,由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成:
A料:聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕10-12、水4-5、聚丙烯酰胺6.0-8.0、二乙烯三胺1.1-1.3、陶瓷渣粉末25-30、季戊四醇3-4、明矾粉5-7、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1-2、聚丙烯酸丁酯1-2、改性凹凸棒土6-8;
B料:多异氰酸酯30-40。
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备:称取下列重量份的原料:凹凸棒土95-110、钾长石1-2、秸秆灰烬50-55、石膏3-4、苯乙烯2-3、碳酸钠2-3、双氰胺1-2、碳酸氢铵3-4、聚乙烯醇3-4、二辛酯4-5、氮化铝5-6、硼砂3-4、氯化石蜡1-2;制备方法是将凹凸棒土、钾长石、石膏放入煅烧炉中,在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时,取出,与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合,研磨至得到300-400目粉末,然后,再加入苯乙烯、碳酸钠、双氰胺混合,继续研磨30-45分钟,至充分分散,再加入其它剩余成分,继续研磨30-45分钟后,在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟,即得改性凹凸棒土。
本发明所述豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料,由以下具体步骤制备而成:将A料各原料混合,在常温下研磨20-30分钟,得到浆料;再将B料加入A料中,200-300转/分搅拌30-45秒;浇注到模具中自由发泡,获得模坯;然后,连同模具一起将模坯送入隧道式烘箱中,分段升温:40-45℃下,反应15-25分钟;再在55-65℃下,反应10-15分钟;再在75-85℃下,反应5-10分钟;最后在90-100℃下熟化5-7小时。
本发明添加改性凹凸棒土,不仅具有吸附作用,而且是一种很好的物理阻燃剂,具有优异的阻燃作用;利用豆粕制备聚氨酯泡沫,对环境友好,可降解,而且豆粕来源广、成本低,解决了聚氨酯泡沫成本高的缺点。
具体实施方案
下面通过具体实例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料,由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成:
A料:各原料重量份为(重量份为公斤):聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕12、水4、聚丙烯酰胺6.0、二乙烯三胺1.1、陶瓷渣粉末25、季戊四醇3、明矾粉5、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1、聚丙烯酸丁酯1、改性凹凸棒土6;
B料:原料重量份为(重量份为公斤):多异氰酸酯30。
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备:称取下列重量份(公斤)的原料:凹凸棒土95、钾长石1、秸秆灰烬50、石膏3、苯乙烯2、碳酸钠2、双氰胺1、碳酸氢铵3、聚乙烯醇3、二辛酯4、氮化铝5、硼砂3、氯化石蜡1;制备方法是将凹凸棒土、钾长石、石膏放入煅烧炉中,在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时,取出,与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合,研磨至得到300-400目粉末,然后,再加入苯乙烯、碳酸钠、双氰胺混合,继续研磨30-45分钟,至充分分散,再加入其它剩余成分,继续研磨30-45分钟后,在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟,即得改性凹凸棒土。
本发明所述豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料,由以下具体步骤制备而成:将A料各原料混合,在常温下研磨20-30分钟,得到浆料;再将B料加入A料中,200-300转/分搅拌30-45秒;浇注到模具中自由发泡,获得模坯;然后,连同模具一起将模坯送入隧道式烘箱中,分段升温:40-45℃下,反应15-25分钟;再在55-65℃下,反应10-15分钟;再在75-85℃下,反应5-10分钟;最后在90-100℃下熟化5-7小时。
所得的材料各功能参数如下:密度(kg/cm3) :39, 压缩强度(MPa): 0.24,氧指数:28,导热系数(W/mK):0.033。
Claims (1)
1.一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成:
A料:各原料重量份为(重量份为公斤):聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕10-12、水4-5、聚丙烯酰胺6.0-8.0、二乙烯三胺1.1-1.3、陶瓷渣粉末25-30、季戊四醇3-4、明矾粉5-7、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1-2、聚丙烯酸丁酯1-2、改性凹凸棒土6-8;
B料:原料重量份为(重量份为公斤):多异氰酸酯30-40;
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备:称取下列重量份的原料:凹凸棒土95-110、钾长石1-2、秸秆灰烬50-55、石膏3-4、苯乙烯2-3、碳酸钠2-3、双氰胺1-2、碳酸氢铵3-4、聚乙烯醇3-4、二辛酯4-5、氮化铝5-6、硼砂3-4、氯化石蜡1-2;制备方法是将凹凸棒土、钾长石、石膏放入煅烧炉中,在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时,取出,与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合,研磨至得到300-400目粉末,然后,再加入苯乙烯、碳酸钠、双氰胺混合,继续研磨30-45分钟,至充分分散,再加入其它剩余成分,继续研磨30-45分钟后,在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟,即得改性凹凸棒土。
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Cited By (4)
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CN106046301A (zh) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽三彩工贸有限责任公司 | 一种含松油脂的聚氨酯发泡材料 |
CN108102070A (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-01 | 浙江农林大学 | 植物纤维生产难燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料组合料的方法 |
CN108147780A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | 雷春生 | 一种泡沫陶瓷浆料及其制备方法 |
WO2019010599A1 (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | 卢新建 | 隔音防震的硬质泡沫材料 |
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CN106046301A (zh) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽三彩工贸有限责任公司 | 一种含松油脂的聚氨酯发泡材料 |
WO2019010599A1 (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | 卢新建 | 隔音防震的硬质泡沫材料 |
CN108102070A (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-01 | 浙江农林大学 | 植物纤维生产难燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料组合料的方法 |
CN108147780A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | 雷春生 | 一种泡沫陶瓷浆料及其制备方法 |
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