CN103483531A - 一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料 - Google Patents

一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料 Download PDF

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CN103483531A
CN103483531A CN201310432820.3A CN201310432820A CN103483531A CN 103483531 A CN103483531 A CN 103483531A CN 201310432820 A CN201310432820 A CN 201310432820A CN 103483531 A CN103483531 A CN 103483531A
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任友卫
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ANHUI JIFENG ENERGY SAVING MATERIAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：A料：各原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕10-12、水4-5、聚丙烯酰胺6.0-8.0、二乙烯三胺1.1-1.3、陶瓷渣粉末25-30、季戊四醇3-4、明矾粉5-7、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1-2、聚丙烯酸丁酯1-2、改性凹凸棒土6-8；B料：原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：多异氰酸酯30-40。本发明添加改性凹凸棒土，不仅具有吸附作用，而且是一种很好的物理阻燃剂，具有优异的阻燃作用；利用豆粕制备聚氨酯泡沫，对环境友好，可降解，而且豆粕来源广、成本低，解决了聚氨酯泡沫成本高的缺点。

Description

一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泡沫，特别是一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫塑料是异氰酸酯和羟基化合物经聚合发泡制成，按其硬度可分为软质和硬质两类，其中软质为主要品种。一般来说，它具有极佳的弹性、柔软性、伸长率和压缩强度；化学稳定性好，耐许多溶剂和油类；耐磨性优良，较天然海绵大20倍；还有优良的加工性、绝热性、粘合性等性能，是一种性能优良的缓冲材料，但价格较高。聚氨酯泡沫塑料一般只用于高档精密仪器、贵重器械、高档工艺品等的缓冲包装或衬垫缓冲材料，也可制成精致的、保护性极好的包装容器；还可采用现场发泡对物品进行缓冲包装。
凹凸棒土是含水富镁硅酸盐晶体矿物，具有独特的层链状结构、不同寻常的胶体性能和强大的吸附能力；另外，凹凸棒土具有众多平行于棒晶方向的纳米级沸石孔道，因而具有相当大的内表面积；同时其晶体颗粒非常小，外表面积也很大。凹凸棒土的吸附作用分为物理吸附及化学吸附。天然的凹凸棒石黏土包含一些矿物杂质，如蒙脱石、高岭石、碳酸盐、少量微粒石英和长石，可能堵塞孔道，降低表面积，削弱了整体的物化性能，从而使凹凸棒石黏土的胶体性、吸附性等在工业使用中受到很大的影响。活化改性的方法可以除去天然凹凸棒石黏土的杂质，增加比表面积，提高其吸附和离子交换性能，使凹凸棒石黏土广泛地应用于吸附、脱色、胶体泥浆、催化剂及载体等领域。凹凸棒土中含有沸石水和结晶水，当泡沫塑料燃烧时释放出来的水可以降低泡沫塑料的温度，从而起到一定的阻燃作用；另外，凹凸棒土中含有Mg、Si元素，燃烧时生成的氧化物覆盖在泡沫塑料表面隔绝氧气，从而达到阻燃的目的。
豆粕是大豆提取豆油后得到的一种副产品。按照提取的方法不同，可以分为一浸豆粕和二浸豆粕二种。其中以浸提法提取豆油后的副产品为一浸豆粕，而先以压榨取油，再经过浸提取油后所得的副产品称为二浸豆粕。在整个加工过程中，对温度的控制极为重要，温度过高会影响到蛋白质含量，从而直接关系到豆粕的质量和使用；温度过低会增加豆粕的水份含量，而水份含量高则会影响储存期内豆粕的质量。一浸豆粕的生产工艺较为先进，蛋白质含量高，是中国国内目前现货市场上流通的主要品种。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃、可降解的豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料。
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明通过以下方案实施：
一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料，由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：
A料：聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕10-12、水4-5、聚丙烯酰胺6.0-8.0、二乙烯三胺1.1-1.3、陶瓷渣粉末25-30、季戊四醇3-4、明矾粉5-7、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1-2、聚丙烯酸丁酯1-2、改性凹凸棒土6-8；
B料：多异氰酸酯30-40。
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备：称取下列重量份的原料：凹凸棒土95-110、钾长石1-2、秸秆灰烬50-55、石膏3-4、苯乙烯2-3、碳酸钠2-3、双氰胺1-2、碳酸氢铵3-4、聚乙烯醇3-4、二辛酯4-5、氮化铝5-6、硼砂3-4、氯化石蜡1-2；制备方法是将凹凸棒土、钾长石、石膏放入煅烧炉中，在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时，取出，与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合，研磨至得到300-400目粉末，然后，再加入苯乙烯、碳酸钠、双氰胺混合，继续研磨30-45分钟，至充分分散，再加入其它剩余成分，继续研磨30-45分钟后，在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟，即得改性凹凸棒土。
本发明所述豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料，由以下具体步骤制备而成：将A料各原料混合，在常温下研磨20-30分钟，得到浆料；再将B料加入A料中，200-300转/分搅拌30-45秒；浇注到模具中自由发泡，获得模坯；然后，连同模具一起将模坯送入隧道式烘箱中，分段升温：40-45℃下，反应15-25分钟；再在55-65℃下，反应10-15分钟；再在75-85℃下，反应5-10分钟；最后在90-100℃下熟化5-7小时。
本发明添加改性凹凸棒土，不仅具有吸附作用，而且是一种很好的物理阻燃剂，具有优异的阻燃作用；利用豆粕制备聚氨酯泡沫，对环境友好，可降解，而且豆粕来源广、成本低，解决了聚氨酯泡沫成本高的缺点。
具体实施方案
下面通过具体实例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料，由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：
A料：各原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕12、水4、聚丙烯酰胺6.0、二乙烯三胺1.1、陶瓷渣粉末25、季戊四醇3、明矾粉5、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1、聚丙烯酸丁酯1、改性凹凸棒土6；
B料：原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：多异氰酸酯30。
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备：称取下列重量份（公斤）的原料：凹凸棒土95、钾长石1、秸秆灰烬50、石膏3、苯乙烯2、碳酸钠2、双氰胺1、碳酸氢铵3、聚乙烯醇3、二辛酯4、氮化铝5、硼砂3、氯化石蜡1；制备方法是将凹凸棒土、钾长石、石膏放入煅烧炉中，在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时，取出，与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合，研磨至得到300-400目粉末，然后，再加入苯乙烯、碳酸钠、双氰胺混合，继续研磨30-45分钟，至充分分散，再加入其它剩余成分，继续研磨30-45分钟后，在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟，即得改性凹凸棒土。
本发明所述豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料，由以下具体步骤制备而成：将A料各原料混合，在常温下研磨20-30分钟，得到浆料；再将B料加入A料中，200-300转/分搅拌30-45秒；浇注到模具中自由发泡，获得模坯；然后，连同模具一起将模坯送入隧道式烘箱中，分段升温：40-45℃下，反应15-25分钟；再在55-65℃下，反应10-15分钟；再在75-85℃下，反应5-10分钟；最后在90-100℃下熟化5-7小时。
所得的材料各功能参数如下：密度(kg/cm3) ：39， 压缩强度(MPa)： 0.24，氧指数：28，导热系数(W/mK)：0.033。

Claims (1)

1.一种豆粕聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于由下列重量份的A、B料混合、浇注、反应、熟化制成：
A料：各原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：聚氧化丙烯二醇100、豆粕10-12、水4-5、聚丙烯酰胺6.0-8.0、二乙烯三胺1.1-1.3、陶瓷渣粉末25-30、季戊四醇3-4、明矾粉5-7、聚氧丙烯甘油醚1-2、聚丙烯酸丁酯1-2、改性凹凸棒土6-8；
B料：原料重量份为（重量份为公斤）：多异氰酸酯30-40；
所述改性凹凸棒土通过以下方法制备：称取下列重量份的原料：凹凸棒土95-110、钾长石1-2、秸秆灰烬50-55、石膏3-4、苯乙烯2-3、碳酸钠2-3、双氰胺1-2、碳酸氢铵3-4、聚乙烯醇3-4、二辛酯4-5、氮化铝5-6、硼砂3-4、氯化石蜡1-2；制备方法是将凹凸棒土、钾长石、石膏放入煅烧炉中，在570-590℃下煅烧4-5小时，取出，与秸秆灰烬、碳酸氢铵、硼砂混合，研磨至得到300-400目粉末，然后，再加入苯乙烯、碳酸钠、双氰胺混合，继续研磨30-45分钟，至充分分散，再加入其它剩余成分，继续研磨30-45分钟后，在1500-1800转/分下搅拌15-30分钟，即得改性凹凸棒土。
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CN106046301A (zh) * 2016-06-29 2016-10-26 安徽三彩工贸有限责任公司 一种含松油脂的聚氨酯发泡材料
CN108102070A (zh) * 2017-12-01 2018-06-01 浙江农林大学 植物纤维生产难燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料组合料的方法
CN108147780A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-12 雷春生 一种泡沫陶瓷浆料及其制备方法
WO2019010599A1 (zh) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-17 卢新建 隔音防震的硬质泡沫材料

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CN102010587A (zh) * 2010-11-04 2011-04-13 滁州友林科技发展有限公司 一种新型阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法及其产品
CN103265680A (zh) * 2013-06-04 2013-08-28 卡姆丹克太阳能（江苏）有限公司 一种无氟聚氨酯及其发泡工艺

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CN102010587A (zh) * 2010-11-04 2011-04-13 滁州友林科技发展有限公司 一种新型阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法及其产品
CN103265680A (zh) * 2013-06-04 2013-08-28 卡姆丹克太阳能（江苏）有限公司 一种无氟聚氨酯及其发泡工艺

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CN106046301A (zh) * 2016-06-29 2016-10-26 安徽三彩工贸有限责任公司 一种含松油脂的聚氨酯发泡材料
WO2019010599A1 (zh) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-17 卢新建 隔音防震的硬质泡沫材料
CN108102070A (zh) * 2017-12-01 2018-06-01 浙江农林大学 植物纤维生产难燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料组合料的方法
CN108147780A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-12 雷春生 一种泡沫陶瓷浆料及其制备方法

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