Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is that a kind of fire retardant three [2-tri-(1 prepared by proposition silicon tetrachloride, 3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] isocyanurate compounds, its silicon, nitrogen and bromine cooperative flame retardant usefulness are high, Stability Analysis of Structures, good with material compatibility, deficiency of the prior art can be overcome.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Fire retardant three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] isocyanurate compounds, it is characterized in that, the structure of this compound is shown below:
Another object of the present invention is to the preparation method proposing fire retardant three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates, its cheaper starting materials is easy to get; technique is simple; facility investment is few, is easy to large-scale production, and the method is:
The air in reaction vessel is fallen with nitrogen replacement, add organic solvent and silicon tetrachloride, under agitation, with cooling bath cooling, temperature of reaction system is made to be reduced to less than 30 DEG C, drip and silicon tetrachloride equimolar 1, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-, drips process control temperature of reaction not higher than 40 DEG C, after dripping off, be warming up to 50 DEG C, insulation reaction 2h; After HCl gas discharges, then instill the organic solution of the trihydroxyethyl isocyanuric ester (Sai Ke) relative to silicon tetrachloride 1/3 times mole, control temperature of reaction not higher than 70 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, be warming up to 85-95 DEG C, reaction 9-12h; After HCl gas discharges, then system is cooled to less than 50 DEG C, drips 1 relative to silicon tetrachloride 2-3 times mole, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-, control temperature of reaction not higher than 65 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, system temperature is risen to 85-95 DEG C of insulation reaction 8-10h; After HCl gas discharges, then add the acid binding agent of product Theoretical Mass (g) 2%-6%, insulated and stirred 1h, detecting solution PH=5-6 is reaction end.Purified process, obtains fire retardant three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates.
Organic solvent as above is tetrachloroethane, dioxane, glycol dimethyl ether, toluene or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the amount of its organic solvent volume (ml) is 2-3 times of silicon tetrachloride quality (g).
The organic solution of trihydroxyethyl isocyanuric ester as above (Sai Ke) is the solution that match gram is dissolved in described organic solvent, and the amount of its organic solvent volume (ml) is 10-15 times of match gram mass (g).
Acid binding agent as above is trimeric cyanamide.
Purified process as above is for being cooled to 35 DEG C, filter, filtrate decompression distillation is except desolventizing and excessive 1, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-(reclaim and use) and a small amount of low boilers, then cool to 60 DEG C, then add the hexanaphthene washing of product Theoretical Mass (g) 2-4 times volume (ml), stir 0.5h, be transferred to stratification in separating funnel, separate lower floor's feed liquid, underpressure distillation removes a small amount of hexanaphthene.
Contriver finds match gram solid bad dispersibility in the organic solution of silicon tetrachloride under study for action, reactive behavior is low, improve the volatile quantity that temperature of reaction can increase again silicon tetrachloride, therefore selected first allow silicon tetrachloride with react relative to mole 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol such as silicon tetrachlorides, generation silicic acid monoesters, react with match gram again, the dispersiveness of match gram can be improved, and to react at a higher temperature, to overcome the easy volatile of silicon tetrachloride.
Fire retardant three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates disclosed by the invention is yellow transparent liquid, and productive rate is 87.4% ~ 93.5%, its flash-point (open cup): 209 ± 5 DEG C, refractive index: n
d 25=1.5431, density (25 DEG C): 2.252g/cm
3.It is suitable as the use of the fire retardant of the materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester and urethane.
The synthesis technique principle of fire retardant three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates is shown below:
SiCl
4+HOCH(CH
2Br)
2→Cl
3Si-OCH(CH
2Br)
2
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. fire retardant three [2-tri-(1 of the present invention, 3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] isocyanurate compounds contains silicon, nitrogen and bromine three kinds of elements, its cooperative flame retardant usefulness is high, element silicon has into charcoal effect, can effectively prevent material melted by heating from dripping and the secondary combustion of generation, nitrogen element has the heat insulation effect that expands.
2. fire retardant three [2-tri-(1 of the present invention, 3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] isocyanurate compounds is polyester structure, molecular weight is large, volatility is low, plasticity is good, symmetry is good, its physical and chemical performance is stablized, good with macromolecular material consistency, the high temperature process of engineering plastics can be adapted to.
3. the present invention with the silicon tetrachloride as by-product of polysilicon industry for silicon, nitrogen and bromine synergistic fire retardant three [2-tri-(1 prepared by raw material, 3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates, for the difficult problem solving silicon tetrachloride comprehensive utilization provides an effective way.
4. preparation method of the present invention first allows silicon tetrachloride and the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 1,3-bis-react and generates silicic acid monoesters, and then reacts with match gram, improves Sai Ke and not easily disperses the shortcoming low with activity, react a volatile difficult problem under overcoming silicon tetrachloride high temperature.
5. the solvent in present invention process and excessive 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol can directly be recycled, and its raw material is cheap and easy to get, and production cost is low, and facility investment is few, is easy to large-scale production, have well application and DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1 is being equipped with agitator, thermometer and high performance reflux condenser, and be equipped with in the 250ml four-hole boiling flask of drying tube prolong is suitable for reading, with the air in nitrogen replacement bottle falling, add 20ml tetrachloroethane and 8.5g (5.67ml, 0.05mol) silicon tetrachloride, under agitation, with cooling bath cooling, make temperature of reaction system be reduced to less than 30 DEG C, drip 10.89g (5.14ml, 0.05mol) 1, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-, drips process control temperature of reaction not higher than 40 DEG C, after dripping off, be warming up to 50 DEG C, insulation reaction 2h; After HCl gas discharges, the solution that 4.358g (0.0167mol) Sai Ke is dissolved in 50ml tetrachloroethane is added dropwise in four-hole boiling flask, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 70 DEG C with rate of addition, 95 DEG C are warming up to after dripping off, reaction 10h, after HCl gas discharges, again system is cooled to less than 50 DEG C, drip the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 22.007g (10.38ml, 0.101mol) 1,3-bis-, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 65 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, system temperature is risen to 95 DEG C, insulation reaction 10h; After HCl gas discharges, then add 0.9g trimeric cyanamide, insulated and stirred 1h, detecting solution PH=5-6 is reaction end.Be cooled to 35 DEG C, filter, filtrate is underpressure distillation removing tetrachloroethane and excessive 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol (reclaim use) and a small amount of low boilers again, then cool to 60 DEG C, add the washing of 80ml hexanaphthene again, stir 0.5h, be transferred to stratification in separating funnel, separate lower floor's feed liquid, underpressure distillation removes a small amount of hexanaphthene, obtains product three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates.Its productive rate is 87.4%, flash-point (open cup): 209 ± 5 DEG C, refractive index: n
d 25=1.5431, density (25 DEG C): 2.252g/cm
3.
Embodiment 2 is being equipped with agitator, thermometer and high performance reflux condenser, and be equipped with in the 250ml four-hole boiling flask of drying tube prolong is suitable for reading, with the air in nitrogen replacement bottle falling, add 20ml dioxane and 8.5g (5.67ml, 0.05mol) silicon tetrachloride, under agitation, with cooling bath cooling, make temperature of reaction system be reduced to less than 30 DEG C, drip 10.89g (5.14ml, 0.05mol) 1, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-, drips process control temperature of reaction not higher than 40 DEG C, after dripping off, be warming up to 50 DEG C, insulation reaction 2h; After HCl gas discharges, the solution that 4.358g (0.0167mol) Sai Ke is dissolved in 50ml dioxane is added dropwise in four-hole boiling flask, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 70 DEG C with rate of addition, 90 DEG C are warming up to after dripping off, reaction 10h, after HCl gas discharges, again system is cooled to less than 50 DEG C, drip the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 23.969g (11.31ml, 0.11mol) 1,3-bis-, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 65 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, system temperature is risen to 90 DEG C, insulation reaction 9h; After HCl gas discharges, then add 1.2g trimeric cyanamide, insulated and stirred 1h, detecting solution PH=5-6 is reaction end.Be cooled to 35 DEG C, filter, filtrate is underpressure distillation removing dioxane and excessive 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol (reclaim use) and a small amount of low boilers again, then cool to 60 DEG C, add the washing of 80ml hexanaphthene again, stir 0.5h, be transferred to stratification in separating funnel, separate lower floor's feed liquid, underpressure distillation removes a small amount of hexanaphthene, obtains product three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates.Its productive rate is 93.5%, flash-point (open cup): 209 ± 5 DEG C, refractive index: n
d 25=1.5431, density (25 DEG C): 2.252g/cm
3.
Embodiment 3 is being equipped with agitator, thermometer and high performance reflux condenser, and be equipped with in the 250ml four-hole boiling flask of drying tube prolong is suitable for reading, with the air in nitrogen replacement bottle falling, add 20ml glycol dimethyl ether and 8.5g (5.67ml, 0.05mol) silicon tetrachloride, under agitation, with cooling bath cooling, make temperature of reaction system be reduced to less than 30 DEG C, drip 10.89g (5.14ml, 0.05mol) 1, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-, drips process control temperature of reaction not higher than 40 DEG C, after dripping off, be warming up to 50 DEG C, insulation reaction 2h; After HCl gas discharges, the solution that 4.358g (0.0167mol) Sai Ke is dissolved in 50ml glycol dimethyl ether is added dropwise in four-hole boiling flask, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 70 DEG C with rate of addition, 85 DEG C are warming up to after dripping off, reaction 12h, after HCl gas discharges, again system is cooled to less than 50 DEG C, drip the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 26.148g (12.33ml, 0.12mol) 1,3-bis-, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 65 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, system temperature is risen to 85 DEG C, insulation reaction 10h; After HCl gas discharges, then add 1g trimeric cyanamide, insulated and stirred 1h, detecting solution PH=5-6 is reaction end.Be cooled to 35 DEG C, filter, filtrate is underpressure distillation removing glycol dimethyl ether and excessive 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol (reclaim use) and a small amount of low boilers again, then cool to 60 DEG C, add the washing of 80ml hexanaphthene again, stir 0.5h, be transferred to stratification in separating funnel, separate lower floor's feed liquid, underpressure distillation removes a small amount of hexanaphthene, obtains product three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates.Its productive rate is 88.6%, flash-point (open cup): 209 ± 5 DEG C, refractive index: n
d 25=1.5431, density (25 DEG C): 2.252g/cm
3.
Embodiment 4 is being equipped with agitator, thermometer and high performance reflux condenser, and be equipped with in the 250ml four-hole boiling flask of drying tube prolong is suitable for reading, with the air in nitrogen replacement bottle falling, add 20ml toluene and 8.5g (5.67ml, 0.05mol) silicon tetrachloride, under agitation, with cooling bath cooling, make temperature of reaction system be reduced to less than 30 DEG C, drip 10.89g (5.14ml, 0.05mol) 1, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-, drips process control temperature of reaction not higher than 40 DEG C, after dripping off, be warming up to 50 DEG C, insulation reaction 2h; After HCl gas discharges, the solution that 4.358g (0.0167mol) Sai Ke is dissolved in 50ml toluene is added dropwise in four-hole boiling flask, controls temperature of reaction not higher than 70 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, be warming up to 90 DEG C, reaction 11h; After HCl gas discharges, then system is cooled to less than 50 DEG C, drips 28.327g (13.36ml, 0.13mol) 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol, controls temperature of reaction not higher than 65 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, system temperature is risen to 95 DEG C, insulation reaction 8h; After HCl gas discharges, then add 1.5g trimeric cyanamide, insulated and stirred 1h, detecting solution PH=5-6 is reaction end.Be cooled to 35 DEG C, filter, filtrate is underpressure distillation removing toluene and excessive 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol (reclaim use) and a small amount of low boilers again, then cool to 60 DEG C, add the washing of 80ml hexanaphthene again, stir 0.5h, be transferred to stratification in separating funnel, separate lower floor's feed liquid, underpressure distillation removes a small amount of hexanaphthene, obtains product three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates.Its productive rate is 91.4%, flash-point (open cup): 209 ± 5 DEG C, refractive index: n
d 25=1.5431, density (25 DEG C): 2.252g/cm
3.
Embodiment 5 is being equipped with agitator, thermometer and high performance reflux condenser, and be equipped with in the 250ml four-hole boiling flask of drying tube prolong is suitable for reading, with the air in nitrogen replacement bottle falling, add 20ml diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 8.5g (5.67ml, 0.05mol) silicon tetrachloride, under agitation, with cooling bath cooling, make temperature of reaction system be reduced to less than 30 DEG C, drip 10.89g (5.14ml, 0.05mol) 1, the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 3-bis-, drips process control temperature of reaction not higher than 40 DEG C, after dripping off, be warming up to 50 DEG C, insulation reaction 2h; After HCl gas discharges, the solution that 4.358g (0.0167mol) Sai Ke is dissolved in 50ml diethylene glycol dimethyl ether is added dropwise in four-hole boiling flask, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 70 DEG C with rate of addition, 95 DEG C are warming up to after dripping off, reaction 9h, after HCl gas discharges, again system is cooled to less than 50 DEG C, drip the bromo-2-propyl alcohol of 30.506g (14.39ml, 0.14mol) 1,3-bis-, temperature of reaction is controlled not higher than 65 DEG C with rate of addition, after dripping off, system temperature is risen to 90 DEG C, insulation reaction 8h; After HCl gas discharges, then add 1.8g trimeric cyanamide, insulated and stirred 1h, detecting solution PH=5-6 is reaction end.Be cooled to 35 DEG C, filter, filtrate is underpressure distillation removing diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and excessive 1,3-bis-bromo-2-propyl alcohol (reclaim use) and a small amount of low boilers again, then cool to 60 DEG C, add the washing of 80ml hexanaphthene again, stir 0.5h, be transferred to stratification in separating funnel, separate lower floor's feed liquid, underpressure distillation removes a small amount of hexanaphthene, obtains product three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates.Its productive rate is 92.7%, flash-point (open cup): 209 ± 5 DEG C, refractive index: n
d 25=1.5431, density (25 DEG C): 2.252g/cm
3.
Table 1 three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates preparation example main technologic parameters
Three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates of above-mentioned preparation is also applied in polyvinyl chloride by inventor.The limiting oxygen index(LOI) of reference: GB/T2406-2008 " Plastics Combustion method for testing performance-oxygen index method " test sample product.Get fire retardant three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates, plasticizer phthalic acid dioctyl ester (DOP), synergistic flame retardant antimonous oxide (Sb
2o
3) and after polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mixes in varing proportions, extrude with forcing machine, make the batten that diameter is 3mm, and its flame retardant properties is tested, list part test result as shown in table 2:
The flame retardant properties data of table 2 three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates
Experiment shows, fire retardant three [2-tri-(1,3-dibromo isopropoxy) silicon trimethylammonium] chlorinated isocyanurates and polyvinyl chloride have good consistency, with Sb
2o
3there is good fire-retardant synergistic, there is good flame retardant properties, become the anti-dropping performance of charcoal and plasticising performance.