CN103545058A - Method for increasing vacuum surface flash-over voltage of insulating material - Google Patents
Method for increasing vacuum surface flash-over voltage of insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103545058A CN103545058A CN201310337354.0A CN201310337354A CN103545058A CN 103545058 A CN103545058 A CN 103545058A CN 201310337354 A CN201310337354 A CN 201310337354A CN 103545058 A CN103545058 A CN 103545058A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing a vacuum surface flash-over voltage of an insulating material. The method includes cleaning the surfaces of the insulating material by absolute ethyl alcohol and naturally air-drying the insulating material; placing the air-dried insulating material into an ultrasonic cleaning machine and cleaning the insulating material by deionized water; placing the cleaned insulating material into an oven, heating and drying the insulating material and naturally cooling the insulating material; judging whether the surface length of the insulating material is smaller than a threshold value or not, uniformly stirring liquid with the specific resistance ranging from 108 omega to 109 omega for standby application as a high-specific-resistance material at a room temperature if the surface length of the insulating material is smaller than the threshold value, uniformly coating the high-specific-resistance material on the insulating material and naturally air-drying the insulating material at the room temperature. The method has the advantage that technical problems of constraints of existing methods on selection of metal electrode materials with high escape power, difficulty in technically implementing methods for sputtering metal films on insulators under the condition of small surface distances and constraints of processing and performance of materials on selection of insulating materials can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high voltage electrical field, more specifically, relate to a kind of method that improves insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage.
Background technology
Because pulse power system is normal, adopt a large amount of insulating material as support, insulation etc., make the edge flashing of insulating material become one of key factor of restriction power-supply system reliability service.Because under identical distance condition, insulation edge flashing voltage in vacuum environment is far below vacuum gap puncture voltage, as the critical breakdown strength of vacuum is about 350kV/cm, and the edge flashing of vacuum/alumina system will occur conventionally under the extra electric field of tens kV/cm.Creepage distance refer between two electrodes for fixing and rise the distance on the insulating material of insulating effect; And vacuum creepage distance refers under vacuum environment, between two electrodes for fixing and rise the distance on the insulating material of insulating effect.
For explaining that the theory of vacuum edge flashing mainly contains secondary snowslide (Secondary electron emission avalanche, be called for short SEEA) theory, it emphasizes, from negative electrode, vacuum and insulating material surface three initiating electrons in conjunction with transmitting everywhere, the collision of insulating surface has been caused to secondary, secondary electron again collides insulating surface and causes electron avalanche, and then causes adsorption desorbing gas and ionize and initiation flashover.
Theoretical according to SEEA, dielectric surface flashover occurs two necessary conditions: the generation of initiating electron and a large amount of desorption gas.For improving the method for the edge flashing voltage of insulating material, mainly comprise at present: (1) from reducing the angle of initiating electron emission probability, can improve three binding site place field intensity by electrode chamfering, the modes such as gap of selecting higher electrode material, the insulator sputtering metal membrane of work function to reduce between itself and electrode; (2) aspect gas production, can select the insulating material that gas production is less and its surface is processed reducing; (3) simultaneously can be by reducing secondary electron yield, reducing and improve its dielectric surface flashover voltage along modes such as surface resistivities for insulating material.
At present, most insulating material can adopt said method (1) and (2) to improve its edge flashing voltage.Yet these two kinds of methods are mainly subject to the restriction of following problem: (a) electrode material in large-scale circuit mainly adopts copper product, the ag material that work function is higher, because price is higher, has limited its application; (b) method of insulator sputtering metal membrane is in the less situation of creepage distance, and the method is not easy to operate; (c) aspect selection insulating material, owing to being subject to the impact of the processing characteristics of insulating material, its selection is restricted.
For said method (3), at present mainly adopt high gradient insulation (High Gradient Insultor is called for short HGI) and at insulating material surface evaporation metal oxide coating.HGI alternately embeds certain thickness metal material in insulating material inside, but for the HGI after great many of experiments, carrying out microscopic can find, because metal level is compared with the thin metal tip that forms, cause an enhancing, there are a large amount of defect points in metal and insulating barrier intersection, metal tip generating gasification in flashover discharge process, and in surface of insulating layer deposition, reduced effective insulation distance; In the HGI course of processing, easily cause the defect of metal and insulator interface, to having relatively high expectations of processing technology simultaneously.For the method at insulating material surface evaporation metal oxide, although can improve to a certain extent edge flashing voltage, its process is more complicated, should be first at insulating material surface evaporation metal, then under certain conditions, by burning, finally obtain coating of metal oxides.The method is higher to the technological requirement of processing, is difficult for realizing.
Summary of the invention
Above defect or Improvement requirement for prior art, the invention provides a kind of method that improves insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage, the selection that its object is to solve the metal electrode material that the work function that exists in existing method is higher is restricted, in the situation that creepage distance is less, the method of insulator sputtering metal membrane is difficult for realizing in technique, and the selection of insulating material is subject to processing and the technical problem of material property restriction.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of method that improves insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage, comprised the following steps:
(1) utilize absolute ethyl alcohol to clean the surface of insulating material, and natural air drying;
(2) insulating material after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilize deionized water to clean;
(3) insulating material after cleaning is put into baking oven heating, drying, and naturally cooling;
(4) whether what judge insulating material is less than a threshold value along face length degree, if be less than, enters step (5), otherwise enters step (7);
(5) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
8Ω～10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material, and it is standby to be stirred;
(6) high resistivity material is evenly coated on insulating material, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying;
(7) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
-2Ω～10
-3the liquid of Ω is as low resistivity material, and it is standby to be stirred;
(8) by low resistivity material, the mode by silk screen printing is coated on insulating material, insulating material is evenly coated on screen printing forme, under the pressure of scraper plate, low-resistivity insulating material is partly added on insulating material by the picture and text of screen printing forme, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying.
Preferably, the span of threshold value is 4 to 6 millimeters.
Preferably, the ratio of the consumption of high resistivity material and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
Preferably, the ratio of the consumption of low resistivity material and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
Preferably, for the screen printing forme adopting for silk screen printing, on screen printing forme, the silk screen hole width of picture and text part is for being not more than 0.5 millimeter, and non-graphic silk screen hole is partly plugged, and its width is more than 1 millimeter.
In general, the above technical scheme of conceiving by the present invention compared with prior art, can obtain following beneficial effect:
(1) for method of the present invention, when vacuum creepage distance is less than a threshold value, can adopt high resistivity material to be added on along on face as coating, by reducing insulator surface resistivity, reduce the charging process of insulator surface, and the electric field strength of homogenizing insulator surface; When creepage distance is greater than a threshold value, insulator surface adds low resistivity material, not only can reduce surface charging effect, and low resistivity material can be divided into long surface insulation several short surface insulations, weakening, due to the caused distant effect of long creeping discharge, further improves the edge flashing voltage of insulating material.
(2) the inventive method can adopt different improvement measures for different creepage distances, avoids the restriction of same method under different creepage distances;
(3) method of the present invention is easy to realize processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section that is added with high resistivity material insulating material.
Fig. 2 is added with low resistivity material insulating material schematic surface.
Fig. 3 is screen printing forme schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is insulating material vacuum edge flashing development schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the edge flashing voltage-contrast that has or not high resistivity material and insulating material.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that the present invention improves the method for insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition,, in each execution mode of described the present invention, involved technical characterictic just can not combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
Integral Thought of the present invention is, adopts high resistivity material and low resistivity material to process the surface of insulating material, thereby improves insulating material surface characteristic.
As shown in Figure 1, the method that the present invention improves insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage comprises the following steps:
(1) utilize absolute ethyl alcohol to clean the surface of insulating material 1, and natural air drying;
(2) insulating material after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilize deionized water to clean 5 to 10 minutes;
(3) insulating material after cleaning is put into baking oven heating, drying, and naturally cooling; The temperature of heating, drying is 60 to 80 degree;
(4) whether what judge insulating material is less than a threshold value along face length degree, if be less than, enters step (5), otherwise enters step (7), and the span of this threshold value is 4 to 6 millimeters, and preferably, its value is 4 millimeters;
(5) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
8Ω～10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material 2, and it is standby to be stirred; In the present embodiment, high resistivity material is nano level polymer, and the ratio of its consumption and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter, and preferably, its value is 0.04 milliliter/square millimeter;
(6) high resistivity material is evenly coated in to (as shown in Figure 1) on insulating material, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying; High resistivity material material 2 mainly plays on insulating material 1 surface the surface resistivity that reduces insulating material, make because of initiating electron collision insulating material surface, the electric charge of insulating material surface charging effectively to be released, thereby the electric field on homogenizing insulating material surface, weaken the effective collision of initiating electron, thereby improve the vacuum edge flashing voltage of insulating material;
(7) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
-2Ω～10
-3the liquid of Ω is as low resistivity material 3, and it is standby to be stirred; In the present embodiment, low resistivity material is nano level polymer, and the ratio of its consumption and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter, and preferably, its value is 0.04 milliliter/square millimeter;
(8) by low resistivity material 3, the mode by silk screen printing is coated in (as shown in Figure 2) on insulating material 1, and this insulating material 1 is put at room temperature natural air drying; For the screen printing forme adopting for silk screen printing (as shown in Figure 3), on screen printing forme, the silk screen hole width dt of picture and text part 4 is for being not more than 0.5 millimeter, and the silk screen hole of non-graphic part 5 is plugged, its width d
fbe more than 1 millimeter, resistivity by low resistivity material and silk screen hole pattern literary composition part 4 formed intervallums is lower, it can reduce the coverage of surface insulation to a certain extent, but inner at intervallum, the surface charging of its insulating material of can effectively releasing, and, intervallum can by long distance along face, be divided into several short distances along the series connection of face, can effectively suppress so long distance along the phenomenon of face voltage saturation.
Method of the present invention can improve the vacuum edge flashing of insulating material, and its principle can be theoretical according to SEEA, the schematic diagram of vacuum edge flashing process, as shown in Figure 4.Due to the existence of defect, when the electric field strength of three junctions surpasses certain value, three binding site places will launch initiating electron in the mode of field emission.These initiating electrons will clash into insulator along face, the shock of higher-energy electronics will excite the generation of secondary electron.These secondary electrons also will can clash into insulator surface equally, so go on, and the surface of insulator will produce the desorption of electron avalanche and insulator surface gas.The gas of desorption can accelerate ionization by collision, accelerates the multiplicative process of electronics and ion.Because these ionic transfers are slower, cause the formation of space charge, the space charge local electric field strength that can distort.And then, accelerate ionization by collision, and finally cause the generation of edge flashing.
Because the translational speed of electronics will be far above the translational speed of cation, when insulator is after surface launching secondary electron, its surface will be to there being part cation to exist.This process also becomes surface charging.Along with the transmitting of secondary electron, cation will accumulate on surface, and causes local electric field distortion.Have result of study to show, surface charging is promoting the important effect that has of edge flashing.
Because the surface insulation resistance rate of insulating material is higher by (10
13more than Ω), be unfavorable for the dissipation of cation, and be conducive to surface charging process.In order to improve the edge flashing voltage of insulating material, propose to add on insulating material surface the method for coating herein: when vacuum creepage distance is less than a threshold value for this reason, can adopt high resistivity material to be added on along on face as coating, by reducing insulator surface resistivity, reduce the charging process of insulator surface, and the electric field strength of homogenizing insulator surface; When creepage distance is greater than a threshold value, insulator surface adds low resistivity material, not only can reduce surface charging effect, and low resistivity material can be divided into long surface insulation several short surface insulations, weakening, due to the caused distant effect of long creeping discharge, further improves the edge flashing voltage of insulating material.
In order to verify validity of the present invention, below choose nylon 66 and test as insulating material.Example 1
First utilizing absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 millimeter to this material of nylon 66(along face length degree) surface clean, and natural air drying, puts into supersonic wave cleaning machine by the nylon after air-dry 66, utilizes deionized water to clean 10 minutes; Subsequently, the nylon 66 after cleaning is put into baking oven with the temperature heating, drying of 60 degree, and naturally cooling; Thereafter, at room temperature, getting 20 milliliters of resistivity is 10
8Ω～10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material, and it is standby to be stirred, and finally high resistivity material is evenly coated on nylon 66, and this nylon 66 is put at room temperature natural air drying.
During test, two kinds of nylon 66 samples that just add high resistivity material and do not add high resistivity material are put into respectively vacuum environment (10
-2-10
-4pa), under, carry out edge flashing voltage tester.When carrying out edge flashing voltage tester, by two electrodes be placed on insulating material along on face and high resistivity material, and to keep the distance between two electrodes be 1mm.
While carrying out edge flashing in a vacuum, the surface of nylon 66 there will be ageing phenomenon, and (just refer to that vacuum is along the initial flashover several times of face, its edge flashing voltage is lower, and along with the increase of edge flashing number of times, its edge flashing voltage can slowly rise, and finally reaches stable state).The edge flashing voltage of so-called nylon 66 refers to magnitude of voltage when edge flashing voltage reaches stable state herein.Two kinds of differences are carried out respectively to about 20 edge flashings test along face, the mean value of the edge flashing voltage on nylon 66 surfaces of interpolation high resistivity material is 12.4kV, and the mean value of edge flashing voltage that does not add nylon 66 surfaces of high resistivity material is 8.7kV, different each flashover voltages along face as shown in Figure 5.
For verify the edge flashing voltage of the nylon 66 of high resistivity material be not add the edge flashing voltage of layer itself higher due to.Choose the nylon 66(polymethyl methacrylate that edge flashing voltage is higher) verify, to adding and do not add the polymethyl methacrylate sample of high resistivity material, carry out edge flashing voltage tester respectively, result shows, under 1mm creepage distance, no matter whether add high resistivity material, the edge flashing voltage of polymethyl methacrylate is all higher than 17kV.The raising that this explanation is added with the nylon 66 edge flashing voltages of high resistivity material is not higher the causing of edge flashing voltage due to coating itself, but because high resistivity semiconductor coating can effectively discharge the positive charge producing along face charging that the transmitting due to secondary electron causes, thereby reduce electric field distortion, improve edge flashing voltage.This shows, nylon 66 its edge flashing voltage before and after adding high resistivity material improves 42.5%.
Example 2
First utilize absolute ethyl alcohol along face length degree, to be greater than 1 millimeter to this material of nylon 66() surface clean, and natural air drying, puts into supersonic wave cleaning machine by the nylon after air-dry 66, utilizes deionized water to clean 10 minutes; Subsequently, the nylon 66 after cleaning is put into baking oven with the temperature heating, drying of 60 degree, and naturally cooling; Thereafter, at room temperature, getting 20 milliliters of resistivity is 10
-2Ω～10
-3the liquid of Ω is as low resistivity material, and it is standby to be stirred, and finally by low resistivity material, the mode by silk screen printing is coated on nylon 66, and this nylon 66 is put at room temperature natural air drying.
During test, two kinds of samples that add low resistivity material and do not add low resistivity material are put into respectively to vacuum environment (10
-2-10
-4pa), under, carry out edge flashing voltage tester.When carrying out edge flashing voltage tester, by two electrodes be placed on insulating material along on face and low resistivity material, because the resistivity of low resistivity material is less, it can reduce effective creepage distance, so when carrying out the test of edge flashing voltage, make creepage distance be respectively 2mm, 3mm and 4mm, when test, low resistivity material is put between two electrodes simultaneously as far as possible, so that the in the situation that of effective creepage distance minimum, checking low resistivity material is to improving the effect of edge flashing voltage.Actual range d along face
aduring for test, the actual range between two electrodes; Coverage d along face
efor when test, the width sum of the intervallum between the actual range between two electrodes and two electrodes poor, it can be described as:
d
e=d
a-n×d
t
In formula, d
afor the actual range along face, d
efor the coverage along face, d
tfor silk screen hole width, n is the number of intervallum between two electrodes.
For the sample that adds and do not add low resistivity material, under different creepage distances, test respectively, two kinds of different samples are carried out respectively under different creepage distances to about 10 edge flashings test, the average edge flashing voltage of different creepage distances is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 has or not low resistivity material sample edge flashing voltage-contrast
Wherein, d
a– is along the actual range of face; d
e– is along the coverage of face; U
sF– edge flashing voltage; △ U
sFthe increase percentage of – edge flashing voltage.
As can be seen from Table 1, low resistivity material has obvious impact to nylon 66 edge flashing voltages:
(1) d
a=3mm and d
e=2mm
As can be seen from Table 1, as the actual range (d along face
a) be 3mm, add after low resistivity material, its coverage reduces to 2mm.In this case, low resistivity material can reduce the coverage along face significantly.Now it is compared with the edge flashing voltage that does not add low resistivity material sample, has reduced 15.85%; And with identical coverage (d
e=2mm) the edge flashing voltage of sample is compared, and it has improved 0.58%;
(2) d
a=4mm and d
e=3mm
As can be seen from Table 1, as the actual range (d along face
a) be 4mm, add after low resistivity material, its coverage reduces to 3mm.In this case, low resistivity material also can reduce the coverage along face significantly.Now it is compared with the edge flashing voltage that does not add low resistivity material sample, has increased by 7.74%; And with identical coverage (d
e=3mm) the edge flashing voltage of sample is compared, and it has improved 35.77%.
This shows, low resistivity material can improve the edge flashing voltage of insulating material in certain scope, and along with the increase of creepage distance, the percentage that its edge flashing voltage increases increases gradually.
Structure by low resistivity material can be found out, the width of each intervallum is 0.5mm, because the coating in this width range can effectively reduce the surface resistivity of insulating material, the positive surface charge that insulating material was accumulated before edge flashing occurs can dissipate timely, effectively improves the edge flashing voltage of insulating material.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a method that improves insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) utilize absolute ethyl alcohol to clean the surface of insulating material, and natural air drying;
(2) insulating material after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilize deionized water to clean;
(3) insulating material after cleaning is put into baking oven heating, drying, and naturally cooling;
(4) whether what judge insulating material is less than a threshold value along face length degree, if be less than, enters step (5), otherwise enters step (7);
(5) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
8Ω～10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material, and it is standby to be stirred;
(6) high resistivity material is evenly coated on insulating material, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying;
(7) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
-2Ω～10
-3the liquid of Ω is as low resistivity material, and it is standby to be stirred;
(8) by low resistivity material, the mode by silk screen printing is coated on insulating material, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the span of threshold value is 4 to 6 millimeters.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the ratio of the consumption of high resistivity material and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the ratio of the consumption of low resistivity material and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, for the screen printing forme adopting for silk screen printing, on screen printing forme, the silk screen hole width of picture and text part is for being not more than 0.5 millimeter, the silk screen hole of non-graphic part is plugged, and its width is more than 1 millimeter.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105405545A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-16 | 西安交通大学 | Insulator and method for improving surface electric strength of insulator |
| CN105785235A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-20 | 华南理工大学 | Test method for evaluating alternating current flashover voltage characteristic of insulator |
| CN106409450A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-15 | 平高集团有限公司 | Method of increasing vacuum surface flashover voltage of insulating dielectric material and modified insulating dielectric material |
| CN107552361A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-09 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Gas-insulated transmission line tank body and the method for suppressing its interior particle movement |
| CN110395996A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-01 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Improve the preparation method of electric field-assisted caking power |
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| CN107552361A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-09 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Gas-insulated transmission line tank body and the method for suppressing its interior particle movement |
| CN110395996A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-01 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Improve the preparation method of electric field-assisted caking power |
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