CN1035402A - 开关模式电源 - Google Patents

开关模式电源 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1035402A
CN1035402A CN89100735A CN89100735A CN1035402A CN 1035402 A CN1035402 A CN 1035402A CN 89100735 A CN89100735 A CN 89100735A CN 89100735 A CN89100735 A CN 89100735A CN 1035402 A CN1035402 A CN 1035402A
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China
Prior art keywords
voltage
input
circuit arrangement
electronic switch
comparator
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CN89100735A
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English (en)
Inventor
哈尔特曼·乌沃
麦·乌多
沃纳姆斯·弗里茨
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Deutsche Thomson Brandt GmbH
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Deutsche Thomson Brandt GmbH
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Publication of CN1035402A publication Critical patent/CN1035402A/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/125Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M3/135Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/137Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0826Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in bipolar transistor switches

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

采用一个受控电子开关的电路装置,保护电路的响应阈值可依赖于提供给开关模式电源的输入电压而调整。

Description

本发明涉及一种电路装置,它具有一个与电子开关串联的电感以及一个用来测量流过该电子开关的电流的电流敏感元件。当此电流超过一个予先给定的最大值时,控制该电子开关导通的脉冲就被切断。
这样的电路装置用来作为例如电子设备的开关模式电源,它们要在总电源电压的一个较宽的范围内能高效率地工作。在开关模式电源中用到了一个电子开关,它由可变脉宽的脉冲控制,脉宽取决于整流后的总电流电压和该开关模式电源的负载,这些脉冲由一个控制电路供给。脉冲的前沿根据控制作用而漂移,它们较早或较迟地置该电子开关于导通状态。惯用的电子开关总有缺点,即它们被断开时总带有惯性地在控制脉冲的截止沿(后沿)之后它们保持导通到最长达10秒的时间,因此,在此时间间隔,集电极电流继续流过开关模式电源的变压器的充电线圈。用来保护电子开关不受过高的集电极电流的保护电路必须按开关模式电源的最大允许输入电压来选定。但这意味着当输入电压小时,集电极电流达不到最大允许值,这就等于缩小了控制范围。然而,这是同在使用这种电路时常常用到直到负载极限的要求相矛盾的,这种要求对于开关模式电源的费用是非常重要的。因此,保护电路必须这样来设计,即在最不利的条件下,例如在最大输入电压时,远在达到最大允许电流之前就已起作用。此保护电流可如下计算:
Ischutz=Icmax-(Umax-T)/L
其中,Icmax是流过电子开关的最大允许集电极电流,Umax是出现的最大输入电压,T是截止命令的延迟时间间隔,L是开关模式电源的储能线圈的电感值。可以看出,该保护电流被等式右边的第二项所减小。
本发明基于下述目的,即避免控制范围被缩小的缺点,以使电子开关总能用到接近最大允许集电极电流。这意味着这种电子开关可以充分使用。这一目的由权利要求中所述的发明来实现。本发明的进一步内容可从权利要求的子条款中得出的。
下文将用一些实例说明这种电路装置,这些实例都适于实现上述目的。
图1是用来说明作为本发明的基础的问题的示意图;
图2是电路装置的第一个实例;
图3是电路装置的第二个实例;
图4是用来说明本发明的效果的示意图。
在图1的上部画出了电子开关的一个控制脉冲UB,其上升沿出现在一个高输入电压时刻,例如在t2时刻,这个上升沿是用控制时间上延迟的方法由一个脉宽调制器所产生。当电子开关起动后,流经开关模式电源的充电线圈的电流Ic就线性地增加,该电流必须至迟不过在达到允许的最大电流Icmax时就被截止。由于在t3时刻电子开关截止之后直至电子开关最后中断而存在的时间间隔T内集电极电流Ic仍然存在,因此必须注意到,电子开关已经在一个相当低的保护电流时被断开。该保护电流这样来选择,即在最大输入电压时-此时集电极电流的增加是最大的,当达到最大电流时电子开关正好被截止,这意味着在截止沿之后有时间间隔T。在图1的下部可以看出,在一个较小的输入电压时,电流Ic的增加是很慢的,电子开关基本上较早地在例如t1时刻就被接通,而且,在超过予先给定的保护电流值之后,电子开关将在时间间隔T之后被断开,然而,这将达不到最大允许集电极电流Icmax。其结果是,开关模式电源的效率变得较低,因为根据已知的公式W=L×I2/2,储能依赖于电流的平方。
下面的两个可能办到的实例用于说明这种电路的工作情况。
图2中表示出一个具有一个初级绕组2和不同的次级绕组3和4的开关模式电源的变压器1。次级绕组3和4能为一个电子设备通过整流器5和6提供不同的工作电压给电容器7和8。初级绕组2作为充电线圈连接,一头与整流后的输入电压U相连,另一头经由电子开关9和用作电流敏感元件的敏感电阻10与公共地电位相连。电子开关9经由一个电阻11被一个未表示出的脉宽调制器控制。由敏感电阻10产生的与电子开关9的集电极电流Ic成正比的电压经由电阻13被引到比较器12的(+)输入端。比较器12的另一输入端(-)与参考电压Uref相连。若比较器12的(+)输入端的电压超过这个参考电压Uref,比较器12就经由电路级14使电子开关9的控制脉冲短路,从而电子开关9被截止。此外,比较器12的(+)输入端与分压器15,16则在输入电压U与参考电位之间切换。用这种方法,比较器12将根据此输入电压U的大小而接通或关断该开关电路级14。若该输入电压较高,则敏感电阻10上测得的电压值将较早地达到该比较器12的阈值。以这种方式将产生一个取决于输入电压U的可调阈值。在较高的输入电压时,电子开关截止较早。
该电路的进一步修改示于图3中,相同的元件将用与图2相应的参考数字表示出。根据图3,电路中在比较器12的(+)输入端所测得的集电极电流Ic的绝对值不受输入电压U的影响,但比较器12的(-)输入端的参考电压Uref将发生变化,为此,设置了一个具有负反馈的放大器级16,在它的同相输入端(+)连有一固定参考电压,这个参考电压由分压器17,18分接引出来。差动放大器16的反向输入端(-)接输入电压U,其经过分压器19,20分压并可以变化。若此输入电压增加,则该比较器(16)输出端的增加电压将减小,这将导致比较器12在一个较小的集电极电流Ic值时就已经使开关电路级14接转状态,反之亦然。
图4的示意图中,可达到的集电极电流Ic表示为与输入电压U有关。直线a表示出已知的至今通用的恒定阈值的形状,因此,保护电流总是在一个相等的集电极电流Ic1=Ischutz时响应。在这种情况下,在小输入电压时集电极电流也小,而且将达不到允许的集电极电流Icmax,如直线b所示。借助于所施加的测量可知,在保护电路响应时刻的集电极电流的大小将根据输入电压而改变,如直线C所示。因此,达到最大的集电极电流Icmax(直线d)可以达到,因而也是在低输入电压时。
所述保护电路尤其适于集成。

Claims (4)

1、一种电路装置,它具有一个与电子开关串联的电感以及一个用来测量流过该电子开关的电流的电流敏感元件,当此电流超过一予先给定的最大值时,控制该电子开关导通的脉冲就被断开,其特征在于:该予先给定的电流最大值的响应阈值可以自动地依赖于此电路装置的输入电压而改变。
2、一种根据权利要求1的电路装置,其特征在于:当输入电压增加时,上述可予先给定的响应阈值就减小,反之亦然。
3、一种根据权利要求1和2的电路装置,其特征在于:该响应阈值经由一个比较器产生,该比较器的一个输入是参考电压,另一输入是一个依赖于该电路装置输入电压的电压,由电流敏感元件引出的电压也与这个输入端相连。
4、一种根据权利要求1和2的电路装置,其特征在于:该响应阈值经由一个比较器产生,该比较器的一个输入是电流敏感元件产生的电压,另一输入端与一参考电压相连,该参考电压的值依赖于该电路装置的输入电压而变,当输入电压增加时,此参考电压值就减小,反之亦然。
CN89100735A 1988-02-10 1989-02-10 开关模式电源 Pending CN1035402A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3804051A DE3804051A1 (de) 1988-02-10 1988-02-10 Schaltnetzteil
DEP3804051.4 1988-02-10

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CN1035402A true CN1035402A (zh) 1989-09-06

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EP (1) EP0327881A1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH01311864A (zh)
KR (1) KR890013865A (zh)
CN (1) CN1035402A (zh)
DE (1) DE3804051A1 (zh)
FI (1) FI890613A (zh)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0750985B2 (ja) * 1989-06-29 1995-05-31 阪神エレクトリック株式会社 Dc―dcコンバータ
GB2280071A (en) * 1993-07-01 1995-01-18 Thomson Consumer Electronics Protection circuit for a power supply within a TV receiver
AT407681B (de) * 1995-05-15 2001-05-25 Elin Ebg Traction Gmbh Verfahren zur abschaltung eines spannungsgesteuerten halbleiters
FR2743207B1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1998-03-27 Valeo Electronique Procede et dispositif pour la protection d'un element a impedance reglable commandant l'alimentation d'un moteur electrique, notamment de vehicule automobile
DE20008548U1 (de) * 2000-05-08 2000-08-03 Francotyp Postalia Gmbh Anordnung zur Erkennung der Schaltstellung eines Netzschalters
KR100685103B1 (ko) * 2005-07-21 2007-02-22 주식회사 케이이씨 스위칭 모드 파워 서플라이의 크로스 레귤레이션 개선 회로
US8446700B2 (en) 2007-09-19 2013-05-21 Clipsal Australia Pty Ltd Overcurrent protection in a dimmer circuit
US7804345B2 (en) 2008-01-15 2010-09-28 Omnivision Technologies, Inc. Hybrid on-chip regulator for limited output high voltage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3697854A (en) * 1972-01-27 1972-10-10 Pioneer Magnetics Inc Regulated dc-dc power supply
DE2415305A1 (de) * 1974-03-27 1975-10-09 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zum schutz eines halbleiter-bauelementes vor ueberlastung
DE2834678A1 (de) * 1978-08-08 1980-02-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltungsanordnung mit kurzschlussschutz
US4315303A (en) * 1979-12-13 1982-02-09 Real Gas & Electric Company, Inc. DC Converter
GB2073918B (en) * 1980-04-10 1983-10-19 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Dc-dc converter

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FI890613A0 (fi) 1989-02-09
KR890013865A (ko) 1989-09-26
JPH01311864A (ja) 1989-12-15
DE3804051A1 (de) 1989-08-24
FI890613A (fi) 1989-08-11
EP0327881A1 (de) 1989-08-16

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