CN103537303B - High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of nanomaterials and photocatalytic technologies and specifically relates to a high-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material and a preparation method thereof. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, polyvinyl alcohol which is a non-toxic and biodegradable surfactant is introduced, so that BiOCl nano-sheets generated by reaction are self-assembled into micro-nano multi-level structure flower-like microspheres, wherein the diameter of the flower-like microspheres is 2-3 mu m, the length of the nano-sheets is 100-300nm, the width of the nano-sheets is 100-300nm, the thickness of the nano-sheets is 10-50nm, the nano-sheets are mutually overlapped to form a large number of pore structures with the aperture of 50-200nm, and the specific surface area is not less than 46.9m<2>/g. The BiOCl photocatalytic material not only can take the high catalytic activity and efficiency advantage of nano-units, but also can effectively overcome the defects that a nano-photocatalyst is difficult to recover and easily produces secondary pollution in use. The preparation method can be completed in one step at room temperature, has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, low cost, short preparation period and environmental friendliness, and is conductive to engineering large-scale preparation and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nano material and photocatalysis technology field, specifically a kind of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Solar radiation is utilized to provide brand-new, a full of hope approach to the purified treatment that the photocatalysis technology administered mankind's activity and discharge pollutants is pollutant.The core stable, cheap, high performance conductor photocatalysis material is photocatalysis technology.In the catalysis material of exploitation at present, TiO
2with its stable chemical nature, the advantage such as energy consumption is low, applied widely, nontoxic, catalytic activity is high, oxidability is strong, become most typical photocatalysis semi-conducting material.But low quantum efficiency and wider energy gap govern TiO
2in the practical application [S.In, A.Orlov, R.Berg, F.Garc í a, S.Pedrosa-Jimenez, M.S.Tikhov, D.S.Wright, and R.M.Lambert, J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2007,129,13790-13791.] in photocatalysis technology field.
Therefore, researcher is on the one hand by all means to TiO
2carry out modification to improve the actual catalytic activity under its visible ray, be actively devoted to develop other novel, stable, cheap, high performance catalysis materials on the other hand.
In recent years, researcher finds the bismuth-containing compound with layer structure, as BiVO
4, Bi
2wO
6, Bi
2moO
6, Bi
2s
3, BiOCl etc. shows good photocatalytic activity.Wherein, BiOCl is a kind of nontoxic inorganic semiconductor compound, has and compares TiO
2the conduction band potential of calibration and wider energy gap (~ 3.4eV), crystal structure is cubic PbFCl type, also can regard as along C axial pair of X-layer and [Bi
2o
2]
2+layer be alternately arranged form layer structure.Layer structure and internal electric field due to its uniqueness are conducive to right effective of photo-generate electron-hole and are separated and Charger transfer, thus show higher photocatalytic activity.People's reported first such as Zhang nanostructured BiOCl is than commercial TiO
2(P25) higher photocatalytic activity is shown time catalytic degradation methyl orange (MO) under ultraviolet light.[K.L.Zhang,C.M.Liu,F.Qi.Huang,C.Zheng,W.D.Wang,Appl.Catal.B:Environ.2006,68,125-129.]。The people such as Ye adopt the method for dye sensitization, increase substantially the activity of BiOCl photocatalytic degradation rhodamine B under visible light, obviously be better than TiO2 [L.Q.Ye, C.Q.Gong, J.Y.Liu, L.H.Tian, T.Y.Peng, K.J.Deng, L.Zan.J.Mater.Chem., 2012,22:8354-8360.].Due to the character that it is excellent unique, the BiOCl of environmentally friendly, high chemical stability and catalytic activity has become a nova in field of photocatalytic material gradually.
In addition, it is found that the physical/chemical of material not only depends on and also depend on itself chemical constituent its micro-structural to a great extent, comprising: size, expose crystal face, specific area, pore passage structure etc.For semiconductor light-catalyst, nano-grade size gives its high specific area, and light induced electron and hole are more easily delivered to surface, thus has higher photocatalysis efficiency than the bulk material of its correspondence.Moreover, the three-D micro-nano multilevel hierarchy be assembled into by low-dimensional nano unit, due to have high surface/volume, anti-agglomeration ability, be easy to from reaction system be separated and be convenient in a large number organic molecule migration passage, thus more general nanostructured has more advantages, photocatalytic activity and efficiency higher.Current, the photochemical catalyst designing, synthesize and construct micro-nano multi-level structure is to improve photocatalytic activity and efficiency becomes one of focus of catalysis material research field.
About the synthetic method of different micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl has bibliographical information, but currently used synthetic method has following shortcoming substantially: synthesis flow is complicated, synthesis cycle is longer, introduce poisonous organic solvent (solvent-thermal method), high energy consumption etc. that higher reaction temperature causes.About simple and easy, effective, with low cost, the environment amenable synthetic method of the micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material of photocatalysis performance excellence, there is not been reported.Therefore, develop a kind of simple and easy effective, with low cost, environmentally friendly and can the synthetic method of micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material of highlight catalytic active of large-scale engineering applications, not only effectively can expand the practical application of BiOCl in photocatalysis field, also for design with prepare other high performance micro-nano multi-level structure catalysis materials and device provides important evidence and technical support.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problem existed in prior art, the invention provides a kind of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material and preparation method thereof.By introducing a kind of nontoxic and biodegradable surface active agent polyvinyl alcohol, the BiOCl nanometer sheet that reaction is generated is self-assembled into the flower-like microsphere of micro-nano multi-level structure, environment amenable requirement can not only be met, and the advantage of nano unit high catalytic activity and efficiency can be played, effectively overcome in existing nano-photocatalyst use procedure the defect being difficult to reclaim, easily produce secondary pollution.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material, there is the flower-like microsphere pattern that diameter is 2 ~ 3 μm, this BiOCl flower-like microsphere is assembled by a large amount of mutually overlapping nanometer sheet, the length of a film of described nanometer sheet is 50 ~ 300nm, sheet is wide is 50 ~ 300nm, and sheet is thick is 10 ~ 50nm.
Further, the mutual a large amount of aperture of overlapping formation of nanometer sheet is the duct of 50 ~ 200nm, the specific area>=46.9m of this BiOCl photocatalytic material
2/ g.
The preparation method of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material, is dissolved in HNO by Bi source
3in solution, in this mixed solution, instillation simultaneously contains the aqueous solution and the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of Cl ion, makes it fully react, then after filtration, wash and be drying to obtain after being added dropwise to complete.
Preferably, described Bi source is Bi (NO
3)
3.5H
2o, the described aqueous solution containing Cl ion is the NaCl aqueous solution, described HNO
3the concentration of solution is 1.3 ~ 2mol/L, and the degree of polymerization of described polyvinyl alcohol is 1700 ~ 1800, and the mass percentage of described polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 5%, NO in reaction system
3 -, Bi
3+with Cl
-amount of substance ratio be 6 ~ 7:1:1, the volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of mixed solution and dropping is 4.3 ~ 4.5:1.
Preferably, the compound method of described polyvinyl alcohol water solution is: first in 40 DEG C of water, make polyvinyl alcohol fully swelling, and then be heated to 90 DEG C, make it fully dissolve under mechanical agitation.
Preferably, when the NaCl aqueous solution and polyvinyl alcohol water solution are to mixed solution and dripping, under reaction system is in ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, both speed keep evenly, and make both instill simultaneously, drip off simultaneously by an adjustment speed.
Preferably, the time that the NaCl aqueous solution and polyvinyl alcohol water solution drip is 8 ~ 12min, and being added dropwise to complete post-reacted condition is ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, and the reaction time is 30min.
Preferably, filtration treatment passes through centrifugation; Carrying out washing treatment replaces washing 2 ~ 3 times by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol under ultrasound condition; Dry process carries out drying by baking oven, and temperature is less than 60 DEG C, and the time is 12 ~ 24h.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention shows:
1), preparation method of the present invention, at room temperature a step can complete, have simple and easy effectively, low energy consumption low cost, the equal non-toxic inexpensive of chemical reagent used, the advantage such as environmentally friendly, be conducive to the extensive Synthesis and applications of through engineering approaches, the product of gained micro-nano multi-level structure can either play the advantage of nano-photocatalyst high catalytic activity and efficiency, effectively can overcome again in existing nano-photocatalyst use procedure the defect being difficult to reclaim, easily produce secondary pollution.
2), the High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material prepared of the present invention, BiOCl has the flower-like microsphere pattern that diameter is 2 ~ 3 μm, this BiOCl flower-like microsphere is assembled by a large amount of mutually overlapping nanometer sheet, the length of a film of described nanometer sheet is 50 ~ 300nm, sheet is wide is 50 ~ 300nm, and sheet is thick is 10 ~ 50nm.The mutual a large amount of aperture of overlapping formation of nanometer sheet is the duct of 50 ~ 200nm, and this not only effectively can increase the specific area of photochemical catalyst, and the structure of this kind of porous also helps and improves the absorption of catalysis material to light and the adsorption capacity of dye molecule.
3), preparation method of the present invention, in order to effectively suppress Bi (NO
3)
3.5H
2the carrying out of the strong hydrolysis of O solution, the present invention's design makes HNO
3solution concentration reach more than 1.3mol/L, thus effectively suppress the appearance of hydrolysis phenomena.At Bi (NO
3)
3.5H
2o needs to shorten the time as much as possible when weighing and place, so as not to its with air in contained by moisture be hydrolyzed.By the dissolving method of appropriate design polyvinyl alcohol, thus polyvinyl alcohol is fully dissolved.By designing the control of the NaCl aqueous solution and polyvinyl alcohol water solution time for adding and synchronism, thus realization response is fully complete, and can prepare the BiOCl photocatalytic material of above-mentioned high performance micro-nano multi-level structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the FESEM shape appearance figure of the BiOCl flower-like microsphere that embodiment 1 is synthesized.Wherein, Fig. 1 a is low power shape appearance figure, and Fig. 1 b is high power shape appearance figure.
Fig. 2 is the TEM shape appearance figure of the BiOCl flower-like microsphere that embodiment 1 is synthesized.
Fig. 3 is the FESEM shape appearance figure of the BiOCl product that comparative example 1 synthesizes.
Fig. 4 is the FESEM shape appearance figure of the BiOCl product of the 2-in-1 one-tenth of comparative example, and in figure, the upper right corner is high power shape appearance figure.
Fig. 5 be the target prepared of different embodiment under solar simulated condition to the degradation curve figure of simulating pollution thing rhodamine B degradation.
Detailed description of the invention
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Embodiment 1
With Bi (NO
3)
3.5H
2o is as bismuth source, and NaCl, as chlorine source, introduces biodegradable surface active agent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), one-step synthesis High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material.
Be the dense HNO of 65% by 2ml mass fraction
3be dissolved in the water of 20ml, be mixed with the HNO of 1.3mol/L
3solution, HNO
3follow-up Bi (the NO of solution concentration>=1.3mol/L guarantee
3)
3.5H
2o is not hydrolyzed when dissolving.
Bi (the NO of rapid weighing 8mmol
3)
3.5H
2o, and the HNO being dissolved in the above-mentioned 1.3mol/L configured
3in solution, fully dissolve under magnetic agitation condition, be mixed with Bi (NO
3)
3-HNO
3mixed solution.
Under ultrasonic disperse and mechanical agitation, the polyvinyl alcohol water solution being 5% by the 20ml NaCl aqueous solution (8mmol) and the pre-configured mass percentage of 5ml instills the above-mentioned Bi (NO configured simultaneously
3)
3-HNO
3in solution, occur white precipitate, adjustment NaCl is water-soluble fast with dripping of polyvinyl alcohol water solution, and make the two keep synchronously dripping off, time for adding is 10min, and then also ultrasonic reaction 30min is stirred in continuation; BiOCl product is collected in centrifugal filtration, and use deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol ultrasonic middle dispersion cleaning 2 times respectively, products therefrom is finally at 60 DEG C of air drying 24h.
As shown in Figure 1, (Fig. 1 a) shows that product is made up of a large amount of monodispersed flower-like microsphere to low power shape appearance figure to the pattern of the micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl that embodiment 1 is synthesized, even size distribution, and diameter is about 2 ~ 3 microns; It is 50 ~ 300nm that high power shape appearance figure (Fig. 1 b) clearly shows BiOCl flower-like microsphere by a large amount of length of a film, sheet is wide is 50 ~ 300nm, sheet is thick is that the nanometer sheet of 10 ~ 50nm assembles, the a large amount of duct of mutual overlapping formation of nanometer sheet, aperture is about 50 ~ 200nm, this not only effectively can increase the specific area of photochemical catalyst, and this kind of loose structure is conducive to improving the absorption of catalysis material to light and the adsorption capacity of dye molecule.TEM shape appearance figure (Fig. 2) further demonstrate that pattern and the micro-nano multi-level structure of BiOCl flower-like microsphere.
The flower-like microsphere BiOCl photochemical catalyst of the micro-nano multi-level structure that embodiment 1 is synthesized under solar simulated condition, by evaluating its photocatalytic activity and stability to the degradation experiment of target contaminant rhodamine B.The condition of photocatalytic degradation experiment is:
A () selects the light source of xenon lamp as solar simulated of 300W, 20mg BiOCl photochemical catalyst is added in the 100ml rhodamine B aqueous solution (20mg/L).
B () stirs 60min at the condition lower magnetic force of complete darkness, make dye molecule reach absorption-desorption balance in photocatalyst surface.
C () opens light source, every 5min samples 5ml, centrifugal, is measured the change of rhodamine B solution concentration by the change detecting rhodamine B ultraviolet-visible range internal absorbance peak value, using the concentration after dark absorption-desorption balance as initial concentration C
0.
Can be found by Fig. 5, the flower-like microsphere BiOCl photocatalytic material 20min of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure prepared by embodiment 1 can by degradable for rhodamine B solution, to pollutant rhodamine B, there is excellent degradation capability under solar simulated condition, reuse 10 degradation rate changes and be less than 3%.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the present embodiment with embodiment 1, unlike the NaCl aqueous solution being instilled the Bi (NO configured
3)
3-HNO
3time in mixed solution, do not drip polyvinyl alcohol water solution.
As shown in Figure 3, BiOCl product prepared by this embodiment is random nanometer sheet, smooth surface, and its thickness is about 10 ~ 40nm, and on two-dimensional direction, size is about 0.1 ~ 1um in addition.
As shown in Figure 5, the present embodiment gained BiOCl product Performance Ratio embodiment 1 gained High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl product of photocatalytic degradation simulating pollution thing rhodamine B under solar simulated condition is poor, and 30min is just by complete for rhodamine B solution degradation.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the present embodiment is with embodiment 1, after dropwising at the NaCl aqueous solution, then stir and ultrasonic disperse condition under, the slowly polyvinyl alcohol water solution of dropping 5ml5%, continue after dripping off to stir and ultrasonic reaction 30min, all the other steps are all identical with embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 4, this embodiment gained BiOCl product is the microspheroidal assembled by nanometer sheet, mutually stacks up from level to level, almost do not have hole and gap between sheet and sheet between sheet with sheet as petal.
As shown in Figure 5, the performance of the present embodiment gained BiOCl product photocatalytically degradating organic dye under solar simulated condition is also poor than embodiment 1 gained High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl product, and 30min is only by rhodamine B solution degradation about 70%.
Comparative example 3
The present embodiment adopts commercial TiO
2(P25), photocatalytically degradating organic dye under solar simulated condition.As seen in Figure 5, the performance of this photochemical catalyst between embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, but cannot reach the premium properties of the obtained High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photochemical catalyst of embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
The present embodiment is blank test, for do not add photochemical catalyst condition under.Can be found out by Fig. 5, above-mentioned sample data is true and reliable.
Above content is only to design example of the present invention and explanation; affiliated those skilled in the art make various amendment to described specific embodiment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute; only otherwise depart from the design of invention or surmount this scope as defined in the claims, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (7)
1. a High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material, it is characterized in that: BiOCl has the flower-like microsphere pattern that diameter is 2 ~ 3 μm, this BiOCl flower-like microsphere is assembled by a large amount of mutually overlapping nanometer sheet, the length of a film of described nanometer sheet is 50 ~ 300nm, sheet is wide is 50 ~ 300nm, and sheet is thick is 10 ~ 50nm;
Bi source is dissolved in HNO
3in solution, in this mixed solution, instillation simultaneously contains the aqueous solution and the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of Cl ion, makes it fully react, then after filtration, wash and be drying to obtain after being added dropwise to complete;
Described Bi source is Bi (NO
3)
35H
2o, the described aqueous solution containing Cl ion is the NaCl aqueous solution, described HNO
3the concentration of solution is 1.3 ~ 2mol/L, and the degree of polymerization of described polyvinyl alcohol is 1700 ~ 1800, and the mass percentage of described polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 5%, NO in reaction system
3 -, Bi
3+with Cl
-amount of substance ratio be 6 ~ 7:1:1, the volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of mixed solution and dropping is 4.3 ~ 4.5:1.
2. High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mutual a large amount of aperture of overlapping formation of nanometer sheet is the duct of 50 ~ 200nm, the specific area>=46.9m of this BiOCl photocatalytic material
2/ g.
3. a preparation method for High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material, is characterized in that: Bi source is dissolved in HNO
3in solution, in this mixed solution, instillation simultaneously contains the aqueous solution and the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of Cl ion, makes it fully react, then after filtration, wash and be drying to obtain after being added dropwise to complete;
Described Bi source is Bi (NO
3)
35H
2o, the described aqueous solution containing Cl ion is the NaCl aqueous solution, described HNO
3the concentration of solution is 1.3 ~ 2mol/L, and the degree of polymerization of described polyvinyl alcohol is 1700 ~ 1800, and the mass percentage of described polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 5%, NO in reaction system
3 -, Bi
3+with Cl
-amount of substance ratio be 6 ~ 7:1:1, the volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of mixed solution and dropping is 4.3 ~ 4.5:1.
4. the preparation method of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the compound method of described polyvinyl alcohol water solution is: first in 40 DEG C of water, make polyvinyl alcohol fully swelling, and then be heated to 90 DEG C, make it fully dissolve under mechanical agitation.
5. the preparation method of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: when the NaCl aqueous solution and polyvinyl alcohol water solution are to mixed solution and dripping, under reaction system is in ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, both speed keep evenly, and make both instill simultaneously, drip off simultaneously by an adjustment speed.
6. the preparation method of High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the time that the NaCl aqueous solution and polyvinyl alcohol water solution drip is 8 ~ 12min, being added dropwise to complete post-reacted condition is ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, and the reaction time is 30min.
7. the preparation method of the High-performance micro-nano multi-level structure BiOCl photocatalytic material according to any one of claim 3 ~ 6, is characterized in that: filtration treatment passes through centrifugation; Carrying out washing treatment replaces washing 2 ~ 3 times by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol under ultrasound condition; Dry process carries out drying by baking oven, and temperature is less than 60 DEG C, and the time is 12 ~ 24h.
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CN104069876A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-01 | 华中师范大学 | Ag-BiOCl compound photocatalyst prepared by depositing nanometer silver on [001] crystal face of BiOCl nanometer sheet and method |
CN104190448A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-12-10 | 南开大学 | Preparation method and application of visible light photocatalyst, namely BiOCl nanosheets |
CN104475131B (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2017-05-10 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Visible light response type nanosheet bismuth oxychloride catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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CN105396603A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-03-16 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Bismuth oxychloride catalyst with visible light response core-shell structure and preparation method thereof |
CN105562040B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2018-08-07 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of preparation and application of BiOCl- (001)/GO nano composite photo-catalysts |
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