CN103525428B - Seaweed biological dry land film - Google Patents
Seaweed biological dry land film Download PDFInfo
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- CN103525428B CN103525428B CN201310496202.5A CN201310496202A CN103525428B CN 103525428 B CN103525428 B CN 103525428B CN 201310496202 A CN201310496202 A CN 201310496202A CN 103525428 B CN103525428 B CN 103525428B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention relates to a seaweed biological dry land film. The film is prepared by adopting a method comprising the following steps: dissolving alginate with water, degassing, laying the film and drying to obtain an alginate semi-dry film; immersing the semi-dry film in a mixed aqueous solution containing organic calcium, phosphate and boric acid to carry out a crosslinking reaction; washing; and drying to obtain the seaweed biological dry land film. According to the film, the natural marine biomaterial algin is used as a main raw material to prepare the environment-friendly weakly acid sodium calcium type fully degradable seaweed biological dry land film, wherein the water absorption rate is less than 30 percent, the biodegradation rate is greater than 99 percent, and the transmittance is greater than 97.5 percent. According to the film, the defects of a plastic land film and a degradable plastic land film are overcome, and the technical bottleneck for preparation of the land film from the algin serving as the raw material is also overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mulch film preparing technical field, be specifically related to the dry mulch film of a kind of seaweed bio, be i.e. the dry mulch film of a kind of slightly acidic sodium calcium type degradable seaweed bio.
Technical background
Drought and water shortage restricts the key issue in world agriculture production and environmental improvement, because mulch film has the effects such as moisturizing, insulation, pest-resistant, diseases prevention, suppression weed growth, soil moisture can be kept, improve efficiency of water application, alleviate Arid&semi-arid area soil water shortage problem, improve crop growth environment simultaneously, be conducive to crop growth, improve crop yield and agricultural benefit.Therefore, film-mulching technique, as solving in an effective important technique measure widespread use agriculture production cultivation of drought and water shortage, becomes the third-largest means of agricultural production after chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals.Film-mulching technique obtains rapid popularization in world's agriculture production, drastically increases crop yield, and its Application Areas is from initial cotton, vegetables; Develop into the farm crop such as peanut, melon and fruit, beet, paddy rice, upland rice, wheat, corn.At present, only Chinese membrane covering area just at 2,600 ten thousand hm
2, more than about 2.5 hundred million mu, and every year with 10% speed increase, consumption is now more than 1,000,000 tons, and its area coverage and consumption be row the first in the world all.But " white pollution " problem that the residual film of the consequent causes agroecological environment is more and more serious.The plastic sheeting for farm use used in current world agriculture is mainly made as raw material with chemical fibre, its main component is polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, thus cause its degradation time to reach 200 or three hundred years, be difficult to recycle, the person who has rendered outstanding service of " White Revolution " fades to the chief culprit of " white pollution ", and this situation worsens further.And using causes broken film to accumulate on soil plough horizon year by year year after year, cause that soil compaction, permeability are deteriorated, root growth is obstructed, the succession crop underproduction.Therefore, degradable mulch has become the main flow of mulch film development.Current degradable mulch is mainly divided into two kinds: one to be that plastic film is degraded into small-particle, in a short time too significantly negative impact is not had to plant growth, but along with the prolongation of duration of service, in soil, plastic grain increases gradually, be difficult to remove, the pollution than using plastic film more serious may being brought, being unfavorable for the Sustainable development of agricultural; Two be replace or significantly reduce plastic film use as added starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose and other polysaccharide etc., but only only reduce the usage quantity of plastics, do not tackle the problem at its root, and easily make fluidizer in soil seriously accumulate, at 60-90kg/hm as mulch film residual quantity in current Chinese soil
2, be up to 165kg/hm
2, residual film content 58.5kg/hm in soil
2time, make corn underproduction 11%-23%, wheat yield 9%-16%, soybean underproduction 5.5%-9%, vegetables underproduction 14.6%-59.2%.In addition, world oil energy scarcity causes the rises such as mulch film raw materials for production vinylformic acid, and the price of plastic film, from the 40-50 unit/mu of 2010, rises to 70-80 unit/mu, and mulch film price and sustainable development are become increasingly conspicuous.
At present both at home and abroad the report of wetland film prepared by existing algin, but the mulch film mainly wet film prepared of algin at present, cannot make dry film, finished product wet film not easily transports, easily fragmentation, not have tensile strength, quality guaranteed period short, perishable.If at field field fabrication wet film, defect is more, difficulty is larger, and one is that peasant can not make, and also not easily makes, often repeats once, just increases a cost; Two is that wet film can slowly shrink after the irradiation of sunlight, easily broken; Three is that wet film is very easy to be broken by raindrop.Therefore, be necessary to provide one more easily to use, not to the mulch film product of environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the dry mulch film of a kind of slightly acidic sodium calcium type degradable seaweed bio, not only can alleviate Arid&semi-arid area soil water shortage problem, improve crop growth environment, improve crop yield and agricultural benefit, and world agriculture " white pollution " problem can be solved, significantly improve edatope, reduce agriculture production cost, effectively improve crop quality, improve crop yield and dining table security.
The dry mulch film of seaweed bio of the present invention, prepare with the following method, first by alginate water dissolution, after degassed, alginate half dry film is obtained again through plastic film mulch and drying step, then half dry film is immersed in crosslinking reaction in the mixed aqueous solution containing organic calcium, phosphoric acid salt and boric acid, after flushing, drying obtains the dry mulch film of seaweed bio again.
The viscosity of above-mentioned alginate is preferably 0.3-0.8Pas, is preferably sodium alginate or Potassium polyalginate.
In half above-mentioned dry film, moisture content controls at 8-50%.
The mass percent of above-mentioned organic calcium ion in mixed aqueous solution is 0.5-20.0%; Be preferably the organic calcium sources such as calcium lactate, citric acid calcium or calglucon,
Above-mentioned phosphoric acid salt is hexametaphosphate, and mass percent is in the solution 0.001-2.0%, is preferably Sodium hexametaphosphate 99,
Above-mentioned boric acid mass percent is in aqueous 0.01-5.0%.
The PH of above-mentioned mixed aqueous solution controls at 4.5-5.8.
The present invention is with natural marine organism material algin for main raw material prepares the dry mulch film of a kind of eco-friendly slightly acidic sodium calcium type degradable seaweed bio, and water-intake rate is less than 30%, and biological degradation rate is greater than 99.%, and transmittance is greater than 97.5%.Not only overcome the defect of plastic film and degradable plastics mulch film, and to have captured other take algin as the technical bottleneck that mulch film prepared by raw material, and there is various functions: (1) fully bio-degradable to be correlated with in biodegradable mulch film except interpolation starch can be degraded, remain a large amount of PE or polyester still remaining and can not complete biodegradable, also can cause secondary pollution to environment.This technical products belongs to environmentally friendly, not containing plastic components, dewater with outside salt, all the other are marine alga organism, within 40-60 days in soil, reach degradable, degraded product is alga oligosaccharide, be the organic manure of demand of plant growth, plant health can be impelled to grow, improvement Soil structure, increase ventilation property, increasing both production and income.(2) alga oligosaccharide in soil in NPK be combined, can slow releasing nutrient, the usage quantity of fertilizer can be reduced, significantly strengthen fertilizer efficiency, improve edatope, improve crop quality.(3) natural antibacterial effect.Alga oligosaccharide, has anti-microbial effect, particularly the oligosaccharides of the Dp=6-13 polymerization degree, and anti-microbial property is stronger, and energy inducing plant themselves produce antibody, Promoting plant growth.(4) natural water-retentivity.The main component of functional degradable seaweed bio mulch film is algin, there is good water retention property, the Thermoregulation nocturnal temperature that the water tariff collection part daylight of absorption produces can be utilized, soil day and night temperature is reduced, shock absorption is had to the gradient of temperature of 10 cm layer of soil, day and night temperature is made to be reduced to 11 ~ 13.5 DEG C, along with the regularity of water-swelling and dehydration shrinkage changes, surrounding soil can be made to be become from consolidation loose, hole increases, thus improve the penetrating situation of soil to a certain extent. Absorbable rod moisture, when environment lack of water, can slow releasing absorb moisture, effectively can utilize the water source of nature rainwater and man-made irrigation like this, meet the needs of crop growth, there is the effect .(5 of " storage " and " release " moisture and nutrient) improve edatope, complexing heavy metal-polluted soil, improve Food Security.Degraded product alga oligosaccharide can heavy metal around complexing root system of plant, prevents plant absorption, reduces heavy metal content in plant, improve Food Security.(6) radioprotective (uv-radiation, ionizing rays, nuclear radiation).Alga oligosaccharide, has natural radiation-resisting functional, indirectly impels plant health to grow.(7) resistance is strengthened, and alga oligosaccharide can promote plant growth, precocious effect, improve melon, vegetables, fruit tree flower and fruit protecting rate and there is drought resisting, anti-ly to hold up down, the output of waterlogging-resistant, freeze proof performance raising farm crop.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the dry mulch film of slightly acidic sodium calcium type degradable seaweed bio of the present invention is described in detail.
First the relational language in the present invention is made an explanation:
1, alginate (Sodium alginate): be a kind of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from brown alga.
2, viscosity: also write viscosity.Be 1m by two pieces of areas
2plate be dipped in liquid, two plate distances are 1 meter, if add the shearing stress of 1N, make the relative rate between two plates be 1m/s, then the viscosity of this liquid is 1Pa.s.
3, weak acid: the acid referring to incomplete ionization in the solution.Common weak acid comprises the acetic acid in vinegar, citric acid, boric acid, carbonic acid and phosphoric acid etc.
4, organic calcium: the calcium salt be namely combined with organic compound, as citrate of lime, calcium lactate, calglucon etc.;
5, tensile strength: in tension test, the maximum tensile stress of sample suffered by till fracture is tensile strength, also claims tensile strength.
6, water-intake rate: be the physical quantity representing object water sucting degree at normal atmospheric pressure.
7, transmittance: through the optical throughput of transparent or semitransparent body and the percentage of its incident flux.
8, elongation: when referring to that the effect of material tension power is ruptured, the length of elongation and the per-cent of original length.
The dry mulch film of slightly acidic sodium calcium type degradable seaweed bio of the present invention, by alginate water dissolution, after degassed, alginate half dry film is obtained again through plastic film mulch and drying step, then alginate half dry film is immersed in the mixed aqueous solution containing organic calcium, hexametaphosphate and boric acid and rinses with water after crosslinking reaction 0.5-12 hour, then obtain the dry mulch film of slightly acidic sodium calcium type degradable seaweed bio after drying.
The preferred sodium alginate of described alginate or Potassium polyalginate, its viscosity is between 0.3-0.8mPas, if the tensile strength that viscosity is less than the dry mulch film of degradable seaweed bio prepared by 0.3mPas is too little, during membrane covering, easily break, and meet the rainy day and easily broken by raindrop, if viscosity is greater than when the dry mulch film of degradable seaweed bio prepared by 0.8Pas is dried easily curling, not easy-formation, easily break, not easy to operate during membrane covering, and meet rainy day mulch film expansion rate of water absorption increase, also easily broken by raindrop;
The air bubble dissolved into when dissolving sodium alginate removes by described degassed referring to, avoids that prepared dry mulch film has " trachoma " phenomenon, to improve the tensile strength of mulch film, reduces the percentage of damage of mulch film;
Described plastic film mulch refers to that, by alginate colloidal sol, even scraper plate is to 0.01-0.5mm thickness;
Described alginate half dry film refers to that the film formed by alginate is by drying, its moisture content is made to reach 8-50%, if lower than 8%, the alginic acid formed through crosslinking reaction and calcium alginate gel content significantly reduce, if higher than 50%, the alginic acid formed through crosslinking reaction and calcium alginate gel content significantly increase, and the fragility of mulch film increases, and both of these case is all unfavorable for the condition forming desirable mulch film;
Described boric acid is the shock absorption utilizing boric acid, and control the pH value of solution at 4.5-5.8, to form alginic acid Weak Gels, increase the tensile strength of dry mulch film, another boric acid can also play the effect of bactericidal, extends quality guaranteed period and the work-ing life of mulch film;
The preferred calcium lactate of described organic calcium, citric acid calcium or calglucon, the speed of organic calcium release calcium ion is slow, when replacing the sodium ion in sodium alginate, softer, easy control obtains brown alga calcium gel, make sodium alginate in mulch film, alginic acid and calcium alginate three by a certain percentage and deposit, improving tensile strength and the transmittance of mulch film, reduce the water-intake rate of mulch film.The dry mulch film obtained by gel of any independent a kind of formation in three, tensile strength is all very little, and easily breaks, and the elongation of mulch film is all little by 3%, and three simultaneously, forms tridimensional network, and the toughness of gained mulch film increases, and the elongation of mulch film is greater than 8%.And the velocity ratio of inorganic calcium as calcium chloride release calcium ion is very fast, alginic acid root knot closes the speed of calcium ion also than very fast (alignic structure and character determine), in the gel-film of such formation, the ratio of calcium alginate is too high, wayward, the toughness of the dry mulch film obtained is inadequate, so easily break;
Described hexametaphosphate, mainly refer to Sodium hexametaphosphate 99, its mass percent is in the solution 0.001-2.0%, its Main Function is the expansion rate of water absorption controlling dry mulch film, the water-intake rate of dry mulch film is made to be down to less than 30%, even continuous rainy day, the water-intake rate of mulch film is also less than 30%, thus ensure that ground film strength and complete; Described water flushing refers to be cleaned the salinity of moisture membrane surface, increases the glossiness of mulch film; Described drying refers to that drying temperature controls to be less than 120 DEG C, if be greater than 120 DEG C, and the curling unfairness of the dry mulch film of gained, and reduce the tensile strength of dry film.
Embodiment 1
Take the sodium alginate 15kg that viscosity is 0.3Pas, add 1000Kg65 DEG C of water dissolution 2 hours, vacuum outgas 4 hours, then in the upper even plastic film mulch of stainless steel plate (or poly (methyl methacrylate) plate), wet-film thickness controls at 0.05mm, drying 40 minutes under 120 DEG C of conditions, the water content of gained sodium alginate film is made to reach 10%, then sodium alginate film being immersed boric acid mass percent is 0.5%, calcium lactate mass percent is 5%, hexametaphosphate mass percent is in the mixing solutions of 0.05%, the PH5.3 of solution, crosslinking reaction 30 minutes, again through tap water, drying 20 minutes under 120 DEG C of conditions, obtain the dry mulch film 15.72Kg of degradable seaweed bio.
The technical indicator of the dry mulch film of gained: moisture content 8.62%; Organism 91.21%; Thickness 0.011mm; Water-intake rate is less than 28.1%; Elongation 8.2%; Transmittance is greater than 97.5%; Tensile strength 119Mpa; Dry film biological degradation rate is greater than 99.9%, and the soil microbial degradation time is 98 days.
Embodiment 2
Take the sodium alginate 12kg that viscosity is 0.7Pas, add 1000Kg65 DEG C of water dissolution 2 hours, vacuum outgas 2 hours, then in the upper even plastic film mulch of stainless steel plate (or poly (methyl methacrylate) plate), wet-film thickness controls at 0.04mm, drying 3 hours under 65 DEG C of conditions, the water content of gained sodium alginate film reaches 16.2%, then sodium alginate film being immersed boric acid mass percent is 0.5%, citrate of lime mass percent is 8%, hexametaphosphate mass percent is in the mixing solutions of 0.2%, the PH4.8 of solution, crosslinking reaction 30 minutes, again through tap water, 65 DEG C of cryodryings 2 hours, obtain the dry mulch film 12.3Kg of degradable seaweed bio.
The technical indicator of the dry mulch film of gained: moisture content 9.24%; Organism 90.74%; Thickness 0.011mm; Water-intake rate is less than 25.6%; Elongation 8.13%; Transmittance is greater than 98.5%; Tensile strength 121Mpa; Dry film biological degradation rate is greater than 99.9%, and the soil microbial degradation time is 132 days.
Embodiment 3
Take the Potassium polyalginate 14kg that viscosity is 0.5Pas, add 1000Kg65 DEG C of water dissolution 2 hours, vacuum outgas 4.5 hours, then in the upper even plastic film mulch of stainless steel plate (or poly (methyl methacrylate) plate), wet-film thickness controls at 0.03mm, drying 1.5 hours under 100 DEG C of conditions, the water content of gained Potassium polyalginate film is made to reach 26.3%, then Potassium polyalginate film being immersed boric acid mass percent is 0.5%, calglucon mass percent is 8%, hexametaphosphate mass percent is in the mixing solutions of 1.5%, the PH4.6 of solution, crosslinking reaction 40 minutes, again through tap water, 100 DEG C of cryodryings 1 hour, obtain the dry mulch film 14.6Kg of degradable seaweed bio.
The technical indicator of the dry mulch film of gained: moisture content 10.08%; Organism 91.14%; Thickness 0.014mm; Water-intake rate is less than 24.7%; Elongation 8.35%; Transmittance is greater than 98.5%; Tensile strength 117Mpa; Dry film biological degradation rate is greater than 99.9%, and the soil microbial degradation time is 106 days.
The effect of dry mulch film prepared by embodiment 4 the present invention
Carry out the practical application effect test of the dry mulch film of the present invention in Zhen Liugou community, the Huashan, Qingdao Jimo City, correlation test condition is as follows:
Soil type: cinnamon soil
Corn variety: spring star 2101
Coverture: common plastics mulch film, the dry mulch film of sodium alginate prepared by the inventive method, sodium alginate wet film.
For examination fertilizer: common urea (N is greater than 46%), diammonium phosphate, Repone K are consistent for executing level.
The result of test is as follows
Table 1: Cover treatment mode is on field corn plant height, spike length, impact that stem is thick
As shown in Table 1, plastic film and the plant height, Miho of dry film of the present invention to field corn is long and the thick aspect of stem is better than control group and sodium alginate wet film group; Dry film group of the present invention is slightly better than plastic film group, mainly demonstrates the radioresistance of sodium alginate dry film; Algin wet film is due in plastic film mulch after 2 hours, and under irradiation by sunlight, more than 99% curlingly breaks, and under soil is almost all exposed to sunlight, does not reach the requirement of covering, so very nearly the same with blank group.
The integrity covered and validity
Table 2: the integrity statistics of overlay film
Result shows that sodium alginate wet film of the present invention is all curling after 2 hours at overlay film, and start to break, after reaching 4 hours, rupture rate reaches more than 90%, within second day, has not had the shape of film, whole property becomes particulate state, so sodium alginate wet film has not operability; Even if after sodium alginate dry film of the present invention and plastic film keep good integrity to run into moderate rain at the 8th, 9 day always, sodium alginate dry film of the present invention keeper's completeness and efficiency always.
The test-results of degradation property
Table 3: the degradation property cartogram of the dry mulch film of sodium alginate of the present invention
After harvest corn; after ploughing; follow the tracks of the degraded situation of the dry mulch film of sodium alginate of the present invention and plastic film in soil; find that the dry mulch film of sodium alginate of the present invention starts by soil microbial degradation after emergence of corn; reached degradable by about 99 days; the composition of its degraded is sodium alginate oligose, is a kind of good vegetable fertilizer, can soil protection environment.And product of the present invention also has greater advantage compared with common ground film in cost performance, common plastics mulch film is per ton spreads 330 mu of farmlands, and product dry film of the present invention is per ton spreads 490 mu of farmlands, pollution-free, is convenient to promote the use of.
Claims (10)
1. the dry mulch film of seaweed bio, its preparation method is as follows: first by alginate water dissolution, after degassed, alginate half dry film is obtained again through plastic film mulch and drying step, then half dry film is immersed in crosslinking reaction in the mixed aqueous solution containing organic calcium, phosphoric acid salt and boric acid, after flushing, drying obtains the dry mulch film of seaweed bio again.
2. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the viscosity of described alginate is 0.3-0.8Pas.
3. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that described alginate is sodium alginate and/or Potassium polyalginate.
4. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that in described alginate half dry film, moisture content is 8-50%.
5. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the mass percent of described organic calcium ion in mixed aqueous solution is 0.5-20.0%.
6. the dry mulch film as described in claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that described organic calcium is any one or several in calcium lactate, citrate of lime or calglucon.
7. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the mass percent of described phosphoric acid salt in mixed aqueous solution is 0.001-2.0%.
8. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that described phosphoric acid salt is hexametaphosphate.
9. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the mass percent of described boric acid in mixed aqueous solution is 0.01-5.0%.
10. dry mulch film as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the pH of described mixed aqueous solution is 4.5-5.8.
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| CN201310496202.5A CN103525428B (en) | 2013-10-19 | 2013-10-21 | Seaweed biological dry land film |
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| CN201310493169.0 | 2013-10-19 | ||
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| CN2013104931690 | 2013-10-19 | ||
| CN201310496202.5A CN103525428B (en) | 2013-10-19 | 2013-10-21 | Seaweed biological dry land film |
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| TW201616971A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-05-16 | 思索國際有限公司 | Aqueous seaweed extract in the form of a solution concentrate |
| CN105753599A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-07-13 | 中国海洋大学 | Total-alga biological mulching film and method for preparing same |
| CN106397847A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-02-15 | 福州大学 | Biodegradable plastic for greenhouse film, and preparation method thereof |
| CN107286946B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2018-07-06 | 吴卓轩 | A kind of degradable preserving soil moisture film spray coating liquor |
| CN110352758A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-22 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of covering material and its application method for inhibiting moisture evaporation for Arid&semi-arid area |
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| JP2008035860A (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-02-21 | Shiraishi Calcium Kaisha Ltd | Mulch film substitute for agriculture, method for producing the same and production kit |
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Effective date of registration: 20190507 Address after: 266000 East End of Hi-tech Fourth Road, Jimo Provincial Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Qingdao, Shandong Province Patentee after: Qingdao Yian marine plant capsule Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Address before: 266200 Jimo Provincial High-tech Development Zone, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee before: Qingdao Fengtai Ocean Biological Technology Co.,Ltd. |