CN103521929A - Metal die for coining super-hydrophobic micro-nanometer surface and laser manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Metal die for coining super-hydrophobic micro-nanometer surface and laser manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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CN103521929A
CN103521929A CN201310498764.3A CN201310498764A CN103521929A CN 103521929 A CN103521929 A CN 103521929A CN 201310498764 A CN201310498764 A CN 201310498764A CN 103521929 A CN103521929 A CN 103521929A
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laser
micro
metal die
lotus leaf
super
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CN103521929B (en
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钟敏霖
林澄
张红军
范培迅
龙江游
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/361Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal die for coining a super-hydrophobic micro-nanometer surface and a laser manufacturing method thereof. The laser manufacturing method comprises the following steps that an ultra-short pulse laser is used for ablating a metal base material, a symmetrical negative structure of a lotus leaf micro-nanometer structure is obtained on the surface of the metal base material through laser ablating removing, and then the metal die is obtained; the symmetrical negative structure of the lotus leaf micro-nanometer structure is a micrometer-level pit and a nanometer-level substructure on the inner surface of the micrometer-level pit. The invention provides the micro-nanometer coining metal die for coining a non-metal material or a light-metal material so as to form the lotus leaf micro-nanometer structure with the surface being super hydrophobic and the laser manufacturing method of the metal die, and particularly relates to the micro-nanometer coining metal die which is manufactured efficiently in a large area by the utilization of high-power picosecond lasers and the manufacturing method of the metal die. The metal die for coining the super-hydrophobic micro-nanometer surface and the laser manufacturing method of the metal die have the comprehensive advantages that the manufacturing efficiency is high, the micro-nanometer coining die is high in temperature resistance, high in pressure resistance and wide in coning material range, the micro-nanometer structure is precise and adjustable in parameter and the lotus structure is vivid. Moreover, the manufacturing method is far superior than other methods.

Description

A kind of metal die and laser preparation method thereof that impresses super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal die that impresses super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of metal die and laser preparation method thereof that impresses super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface.
Background technology
Lotus leaf has the self-cleaning function of " emerging unstained from the filth ", and this function derives from the low free energy composition of lotus leaf surface and the super-hydrophobicity that unique micro nano structure produces, and the contact angle of surface and water is over 150 °.20 century 70s, Germany Bonn botanist professor Barthlott of university finds, lotus leaf surface exists multiple micron and nanostructured, by average-size, be about the micro-nano projection of 10 μ m and nanoscale wax silk that diameter is 100~200nm forms, this structure contacts water and changes water into and contact with the point of micro nano structure projection with the face at interface, recess between micron projection has formed nano level air layer, again with the wax acting in conjunction of low-surface-energy, make lotus leaf surface there is superhydrophobic characteristic, therefore, super-hydrophobicity self-cleaning function is caused by surperficial wax and the acting in conjunction of micron order structure.
This super-hydrophobic automatic cleaning effect of lotus leaf is subject to general concern and research for a long time, the surface texture of lotus leaf, chemical composition and infiltrating relation, essence and the theoretic explanation of lotus leaf surface self_cleaning effect are clarified substantially, and the function surface of various imitative lotus leaves is also in continuous research and development.Super hydrophobic surface has important application prospect in national defence, industrial and agricultural production and people's daily life, as blade of wind-driven generator, antenna, the anti-accumulated snow of door and window, the shell such as ship, submarine reduces resistance, petroleum transportation pipeline inwall, micro syringe needle point prevent from adhering to and stop up, reduce loss, building, textile, leather and fur products water proof anti-soil etc., super hydrophobic surface will play an increasingly important role in energy-conserving and environment-protective field.
The basic preparation thinking of super hydrophobic surface is to reduce surface free energy to form surface micronano structure simultaneously, can prepare micro nano structure on low free energy hydrophobic material (being greater than 90 ° with the contact angle of water) surface, also can on the rough surface with micro nano structure, modify the material of low free energy, or first prepare surface micronano structure and then modify low free energy material.Reduce surface free energy and can take the methods such as surface fluorination processing, relatively easily realize, preparing surface micronano structure is the emphasis of realizing the super-hydrophobicity of material surface.
So far, preparing surface micronano structure aspect has had a lot of research, has developed many methods.Mainly can be divided into " from bottom to top " (Bottom-Up) and " from top to bottom " (Top-Down) two classes." from bottom to top " be that material cell is passed through weak each other interaction through the method for self assembly formation micro nano structure, comprise template, sol-gal process, physical vapour deposition (PVD), chemical vapour deposition (CVD), hydro-thermal method, electrochemical deposition etc.; " from top to bottom " be the method for micro nano structure of preparing at material surface by micro-processing technologies such as etchings, mainly comprise photoetch method, plasma etching method, laser ablation method, de-alloyage etc.With above-mentioned chemistry, many surface micronano structures have been prepared with method physics and from having realized surface super-hydrophobic, as: the positive ketenes of melting alkyl is dimeric to be solidified, the plasma polymerization (or etching) of polypropylene when polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exists (PP), microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique, anodizing, porous oxidation alumina gel is immersed in boiling water, sublimator material is mixed with silica or aluminium stone, phase separation method, laser ablation dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), in boron glass superficial growth, go out the regular pinpoint array of nanometer diameter, the paint application with micro nano structure particle, nano polypropylene particle bond is at fiber surface of cloth etc., said method has their own characteristics each, all realized super hydrophobic surface.The matter of utmost importance existing be at present how large area, prepare super hydrophobic surface efficiently, at low cost, so that the excellent properties on super-hydrophobic automatic cleaning surface can extensive use.Wherein, by micro-nano imprint method, be to realize large area, the effective ways that in enormous quantities, low cost is prepared super hydrophobic surface, the batch impression of therefore invent a kind of metal die that impresses super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface and preparation method thereof, realizing super hydrophobic surface is produced and is had great importance and wide application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of metal die and laser preparation method thereof that impresses super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface, the present invention utilizes high power picosecond laser or femtosecond laser to realize the efficient large area preparation of this micro-nano imprint metal die.
A kind of laser preparation method that impresses the metal die of super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface provided by the present invention, comprises the steps:
Use mechanism of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation metal base, through laser ablation, remove, on the surface of described metal base, obtain the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, so far obtain described metal die;
The negative structure of symmetry of described lotus leaf micro nano structure is the nanoscale substructure of micron order pit and described micron order pit inner surface.
In above-mentioned laser preparation method, the material of described metal base can be mould steel, high-speed steel or carbide alloy, and described mould steel comprises hot die steel and cold work die steel.
In above-mentioned laser preparation method, described nanoscale substructure can be nanometer ripple or nano particle;
The size of described nanoscale ripple or nano particle can be 50~900nm, specifically can be 50~700nm, 50nm, 100nm or 700nm.
In above-mentioned laser preparation method, described ultra-short pulse laser can be picosecond laser and/or femtosecond laser.
In above-mentioned laser preparation method, described ultra-short pulse laser can be infrared light, visible ray or ultraviolet light.
In above-mentioned laser preparation method, the pulse width of described picosecond laser can be 0.9~20 psec, specifically can be 3~15 psecs, 3 psecs or 15 psecs, repetition rate can be 1K~4MHz, specifically can be 100K~4MHz, 100KHz or 4MHz, mean power can be 1W~400W, specifically can be 40~100W, 40W or 100W;
The pulse width of described femtosecond laser can be 10~900 femtoseconds, and as 100 femtoseconds, repetition rate can be 1K~1MHz, and as 1KHz, mean power can be 1W~100W, as 4W.
In above-mentioned laser preparation method, the negative structure of the symmetry of described lotus leaf micro nano structure can be by following 1) or 2) method prepare:
1), fixing described metal base, described ultra-short pulse laser forms the negative structure of symmetry of the described lotus leaf micro nano structure of required area through metal base described in scanning galvanometer scanning ablation;
2), fixing described ultra-short pulse laser, metal base described in described mechanism of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation, described metal base moves the negative structure of symmetry of the described lotus leaf micro nano structure that forms required area through numerical control X-Y platform.
" laser ablation removal " in laser preparation method provided by the invention refers to when pulsed laser energy density surpasses the ablation threshold of certain material, in laser action district there is Evaporation Phenomenon in material surface, form the removal of material, removal amount depends on laser parameter; The ablation threshold of material is as relevant in pulse width etc. with material behavior and Pulsed Laser Parameters, and as under 70 Femtosecond-Laser Pulse Excitations, the ablation threshold of the metals such as Cu, Al, Fe, Ni and Mo is respectively 0.25,0.25,0.28,0.20 and 0.40J/cm 2; Under 10 picosecond laser effects, the ablation threshold of H13 hot die steel is 0.9J/cm 2, and the ablation threshold of high-speed steel is 1.02J/cm 2.
The present invention also further provides the metal die of the impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface being prepared by said method, the surface of described metal die has the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, and the negative structure of symmetry of described lotus leaf micro nano structure is the nanoscale substructure of micron order pit and described micron order pit inner surface.
In above-mentioned metal die, the shape of described micron order pit can be circle, and its diameter can be 5~100 μ m, specifically can be 5~60 μ m, 20~60 μ m, 5 μ m, 20 μ m or 60 μ m, the degree of depth can be 5~30 μ m, specifically can be 5 μ m~20 μ m, 5 μ m, 10 μ m or 20 μ m;
Described micron order pit is cellular dense distribution, and the spacing between described micron order pit can be 5~50 μ m, specifically can be 5 μ m~20 μ m, 5 μ m, 20 μ m or 50 μ m.
In above-mentioned metal die, described nanoscale substructure can be nanometer ripple or nano particle;
The size of described nanoscale ripple or nano particle can be 50~900nm, specifically can be 50~700nm, 50nm, 100nm or 700nm.
The present invention also provides the application of described metal die in impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface, when described metal die impresses, can suppress the micron order projection of the dense distribution consistent or close with lotus leaf micro nano structure and the nanoscale substructure distributing on it being stamped material surface, if this material itself is that after low free energy material (as polymer etc.) impresses above-mentioned micro nano structure, this material surface has super-hydrophobicity, if this material itself is not low free energy material (as light metal etc.), after the above-mentioned micro nano structure of impression, carry out again low free energy processing (as fluorination treatment), after processing, this surface has super-hydrophobicity.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, and tool has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention utilizes high power psec or femtosecond laser ablation metal material surface to form the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure-be the nanoscale depression substructure showing in micron order pit and its pit, its structure fidelity is high, micro nano structure parameter all can fine adjustment as dimple profiles, diameter, the degree of depth, spacing and pit dense distribution form, has great flexibility and designability; This mould can obtain programmable micro nano structure after impression, obtains programmable hydrophobicity;
(2) the present invention utilizes high power psec or Femtosecond-Laser Pulse Excitation high-strength tenacity metal material as the micro nano structure through laser ablation formation mould such as all kinds of mould steel (as hot die steel, cold work die steel etc.), high-speed steel, carbide alloy, there is high-durability, can work in the micro-nano imprint environment of high temperature (can reach 700 degree), high pressure (can reach 30 tons of pressure), can impress the multiple materials such as light metal, glass, rubber, plastics, organic matter, have practicality widely;
(3) the present invention utilizes high power picosecond laser (reaching as high as 100W) to coordinate high-velocity scanning galvanometer (maximum speed can reach 11m/s) effect high-strength tenacity metal material to form micro-nano imprint mould, prepares area large, and efficiency is high, can reach 2.6mm 2/ min, apparently higher than known method.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of micro-nano imprint metal die and laser preparation method thereof that forms its surface super-hydrophobic lotus leaf micro nano structure for impressing nonmetal or light metal material, especially utilize the efficient large area of high power picosecond laser to prepare this micro-nano imprint metal die and preparation method thereof, there is preparation efficiency high, micro-nano imprint mould is high temperature resistant, high pressure, impression materials scope is wide, a series of comprehensive advantages such as micro nano structure parameter precision is adjustable, lotus leaf structure is true to nature are comparisons that existing additive method is difficult to.The super-hydrophobic micro-nano imprint mould of this clearly demarcated preparation can be used for the impression of the multiple materials such as light metal, glass, rubber, plastics, organic matter, and application surface is very extensive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of the super-hydrophobic micro-nano imprint mould of H13 hot die steel of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation.
Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph of the super-hydrophobic micro-nano imprint mould of high-speed steel of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparations.
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of the super-hydrophobic micro-nano imprint mould of carbide alloy of the embodiment of the present invention 3 preparations.
Fig. 4 is with the stereoscan photograph (Fig. 4 (a)) of the resulting hydrophobic surface of hydrophobic micro-nano imprint die marks alusil alloy of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation and hydrophobicity test (Fig. 4 (b)).
Fig. 5 is with the stereoscan photograph (Fig. 5 (a)) of the resulting hydrophobic surface of hydrophobic micro-nano imprint die marks silicon rubber of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparations and hydrophobicity test (Fig. 5 (b)).
The specific embodiment
The experimental technique using in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
In following embodiment, material used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
The basic principle of the laser preparation method that the present invention adopts is to adopt high power ultra-short pulse laser, utilize laser ablation to remove principle, in high-strength tenacity metal material metallic substrate surface, form the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, corresponding to micron order projection and the nanoscale substructure on it of lotus leaf surface dense distribution, by laser ablation, form the micron order pit of dense distribution and the nanoscale substructure that its pit inner surface distributes.
The mould steel mould of embodiment 1, high power picosecond laser preparation impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface
The present embodiment utilizes the H13 hot-work die steel mold of high power picosecond laser preparation impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface, comprises the following steps:
1), the preparation of metal base: first with machining process, H13 hot die steel substrate surface is polished, then polish with polished machine, carry out ultrasonic cleaning, dried for standby with alcohol;
2), laser treatment: adopt high power picosecond laser, optical maser wavelength is the near-infrared of 1.06 microns, laser beam is Gaussian distribution, and pulse width is that 15 psecs, repetition rate are that 4M, mean power are 100W, and adopting the laser energy density over ablation threshold is 3.0J/cm 2coordinate X-Y scanning galvanometer, ablation H13 surface of hot die steel, form the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, the nanoscale substructure showing in the micron order pit of dense distribution and its pit, pit diameter is 20 microns, the degree of depth is 10 microns, spacing is 20 microns, and micron order pit inner surface distribution yardstick is the ripple substructure of 100 nanometers, and the stereoscan photograph of the micro nano structure of gained mould as shown in Figure 1.
The H13 impressing mould impression alusil alloy of preparing with the present embodiment, obtains hydrophobic surface, and as shown in Figure 4 (a), the hydrophobic surface obtaining and the contact angle of water can reach 145 degree to its ESEM, as shown in Figure 4 (b); As this surface is carried out to fluorination treatment again, contact angle can reach 155 degree.
The high speed steel mould of embodiment 2, high power picosecond laser preparation impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface
The present embodiment utilizes the mould steel mould of high power picosecond laser preparation impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface, comprises the following steps:
1), the preparation of metal base: first with machining process by high-speed steel base material surface rubbing, then polish with polished machine, with alcohol, carry out ultrasonic cleaning, dried for standby;
2), laser treatment: adopt high power picosecond laser, the green glow that optical maser wavelength is 532nm, laser beam is Gaussian distribution, pulse width is that 3 psecs, repetition rate are that 100K, mean power are 40W, adopts the laser energy density 1.2J/cm that surpasses ablation threshold 2coordinate 3D scanning galvanometer, ablation surface of high speed steel, form the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, the nanoscale depression substructure showing in the micron order pit of dense distribution and its pit, pit diameter is 60 microns, the degree of depth is 20 microns, spacing is 50 microns, and micron order pit inner surface distribution yardstick is the nano particle substructure of 700 nanometers, and the stereoscan photograph of the micro nano structure of gained mould as shown in Figure 2.
The micro-nano imprint die marks silicon rubber of preparing with the present embodiment, obtains super hydrophobic surface, and its ESEM is as shown in Fig. 5 (a), and the hydrophobic surface obtaining and the contact angle of water can reach 152 degree, as shown in Fig. 5 (b).
The sintered-carbide die of embodiment 3, High Power Femtosecond Laser preparation impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface
The present embodiment utilizes the sintered-carbide die of High Power Femtosecond Laser preparation impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface, comprises the following steps:
1), the preparation of metal base: first with machining process by cemented carbide base material surface rubbing, then polish with polished machine, with alcohol, carry out ultrasonic cleaning, dried for standby;
2), laser treatment: adopt High Power Femtosecond Laser, optical maser wavelength is the near-infrared of 1.06 microns, laser beam is Gaussian distribution, and pulse width is that 100 femtoseconds, repetition rate are that 1K, mean power are 4W, adopts the laser energy density 1.5J/cm that surpasses ablation threshold 2coordinate X-Y platform to move laser beam flying cemented carbide base material and carry out ablation, form the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, it is the nanoscale depression substructure showing in the micron order pit of dense distribution and its pit, pit diameter is 5 microns, and the degree of depth is 5 microns, and spacing is 5 microns, micron order pit inner surface distribution yardstick is the ripple substructure of 50 nanometers, and the stereoscan photograph of the micro nano structure of gained mould as shown in Figure 3.
The materials such as the micro-nano imprint die marks light metal of preparing with the present embodiment, glass, rubber, plastics, organic matter, directly obtain or obtain after fluorination treatment super hydrophobic surface, all over 150, spend with the contact angle of water.

Claims (10)

1. a laser preparation method that impresses the metal die of super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface, comprises the steps:
Use mechanism of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation metal base, through laser ablation, remove, on the surface of described metal base, obtain the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, so far obtain described metal die;
The negative structure of symmetry of described lotus leaf micro nano structure is the nanoscale substructure of micron order pit and described micron order pit inner surface.
2. laser preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described metal base is mould steel, high-speed steel or carbide alloy.
3. laser preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described ultra-short pulse laser is picosecond laser and/or femtosecond laser.
4. laser preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described ultra-short pulse laser is infrared light, visible ray or ultraviolet light.
5. according to the laser preparation method described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that:
The pulse width of described picosecond laser is 0.9~20 psec, and repetition rate is 1K~4MHz, and mean power is 1W~400W;
The pulse width of described femtosecond laser is 10~900 femtoseconds, and repetition rate is 1K~1MHz, and mean power is 1W~100W.
6. according to the laser preparation method described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the negative structure of the symmetry of described lotus leaf micro nano structure is by following 1) or 2) method preparation:
1), fixing described metal base, described ultra-short pulse laser forms the negative structure of symmetry of the described lotus leaf micro nano structure of required area through metal base described in scanning galvanometer scanning ablation;
2), fixing described ultra-short pulse laser, metal base described in described mechanism of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation, described metal base moves the negative structure of symmetry of the described lotus leaf micro nano structure that forms required area through numerical control X-Y platform.
Described in described mechanism of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation, metal base forms the negative structure of symmetry of the described lotus leaf micro nano structure of required area.
7. the metal die of the impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface that in claim 1-6, described in any one prepared by method, the surface of described metal die has the negative structure of symmetry of lotus leaf micro nano structure, and the negative structure of symmetry of described lotus leaf micro nano structure is the nanoscale substructure of micron order pit and described micron order pit inner surface.
8. metal die according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described micron order pit be shaped as circle, its diameter is 5~100 μ m, the degree of depth is 5~30 μ m;
Described micron order pit is cellular dense distribution, and the spacing between described micron order pit is 10~50 μ m.
9. according to the metal die described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that: described nanoscale substructure is nanometer ripple or nano particle;
The size of described nanometer ripple or nano particle is 50~900nm.
10. the application of metal die in impression super-hydrophobicity micro-nano surface described in any one in claim 7-9.
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