CN103518621A - New pear species breeding method for saving land and promoting early bearing - Google Patents
New pear species breeding method for saving land and promoting early bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103518621A CN103518621A CN201310314679.7A CN201310314679A CN103518621A CN 103518621 A CN103518621 A CN 103518621A CN 201310314679 A CN201310314679 A CN 201310314679A CN 103518621 A CN103518621 A CN 103518621A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new pear species breeding method for saving land and promoting early bearing. The new pear species breeding method comprises the following steps of 1. digging fixed planting holes and determining planting density: forming fixed planting points according to a plant distance of 2*3m<2>, digging the fixed planting holes which are 80cm long, wide and deep around the fixed planting points serving as centers, separating surface soil and center soil during digging, uniformly mixing fertilizers and the surface soil, and then backfilling the fixed planting holes; 2. preselecting seedlings to weed out infected seedlings and thin seedlings, planting 4-5 robust plants without being damaged by diseases and insects in each fixed planting hole, wherein the planting shape is a cluster; 3. during seedling management, performing crossing and bending on two plants on the same side of the survival seedling in each fixed planting hole; and 4. performing management in the growing season: after a tree body is germinated, continuously performing bud picking on buds on the backs of the respective plants to prevent the influence on the normal growth of the tree body caused by water sprouts, and removing over-crowded branches or new tips. According to the new pear species breeding method, the occupied space is saved, and the breeding cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection, particularly relate to a kind of saving the area and promote the pear tree breeding of new variety method of result ahead of time.
Background technology
Pear tree breeding of new variety adopts the methods such as conventional breeding, bud mutation seed selection, the seed selection of growing directly from seeds, mutation breeding and marker assisted selection.But no matter adopt which kind of breeding method, the breeding material that has a sufficient amount of all take is prerequisite, conventional crossbreeding is at present still the main method of New pear variety seed selection, in production, extensively No. one, yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest, the middle pears of cultivation, emerald green hat, the kind such as lilac are all to form by conventional breeding seed selection, and the Main Means of fruit tree of new species seed selection is not only now and is still in a very long time in future to conventional breeding.Conventional cross-breeding need to retain the hybridization seedling of a greater number, because pears are height heterozygote in genetic constitution, many proterties are quantitative characters of controlled by multiple genes, the offspring of growing directly from seeds is extensively separated, preferably rate is very low, need to just can select the individuality that meets breeding objective in compared with large group in commerial growing, and the required land area of hybridization seedling field planting is one of high principal element of fruit breeding input cost greatly always.Production shows that the Suitable Density of pears seedling normal growth result is 2 * 3m (the closeest must not lower than 1 * 2m), every 666.7m
2only can field planting more than 110 strains.And the virgin phase of pears seedling is long, Ussurian pear grow directly from seeds offspring average 5-7 of virgin phase, reach 9 years most, grow directly from seeds virgin phase of offspring of white pear, European pear was approximately about 5 years.Because hybrid generation could carry out primary election according to fruit properties after only having result, expend a large amount of human and material resources, financial resources, the major clique that enters final election also must carry out the evaluation of fruit Major Economic, agronomic traits investigation and culture technique research and development etc., being bred as new varieties often needed about 20 years, and what have is even longer.Large area occupation of land for many years and very long virgin phase are the bottlenecks of restriction fruit tree of new species Breeding Efficiency always.
For solving this bottleneck problem, fruit breeding expert has carried out a large amount of explorations and test, and as strengthened planting density for saving to take up an area, the seeding row spacing of even encryption to the 1 * 1m having, although every 666.7m
2field planting amount can be up to more than 600 strains, but because the polarity of pears is very strong, branch growth in top is vigorous, overstocked field planting distance has increased the weight of again the competition of seedling colony to sunlight, upwards growth is rapid to make to set body, and plant is superfluous thin, and plant is up to several meters, can not form the effective branch that generates bud, and because illumination worsens, bottom branch is very thin, and blade is withered and yellow, also can not form bud, what have is even withered.The bud multidigit forming is in the tree crown top of several meters high, not only is difficult for implementing the safeguard measures such as spray medicine, and fruit harvesting is very difficult.
Pear tree filial generation result is sooner or later closely related with environmental condition, for accelerating breeding process, breeder explores the method for some shortening the juvenile phases, and as connect by the large height of tree, dwarfing rootstock grafting, appliable plant growth regulator etc., as Li Xiaogang etc., take annual pears seedling branch is scion, height is received on the large tree of life in 5 years, seedling branch photosynthetic capacity after height connects improves, and growth potential increases, and promotes nutrient component accumulation, possible shortening the juvenile phase, ahead of time result.Li Xiugen etc. think, the hybridization of the same combination offspring of growing directly from seeds, and strong virgin phase of growth potential is shorter, otherwise longer.Although above method is in varying degrees to making moderate progress shortening the juvenile phase, but still exist, land occupation is many, operational administrative is taken a lot of work, plant strain growth slowly, easily forms problems such as " stunted trees ", and with regard to height connects, because stock is on the impact of scion (sexual hybridization), potential fruit can not represent this strain proterties problem of growing directly from seeds completely.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of saving the area and promotes the pear tree breeding of new variety method of result ahead of time, and it saves occupation of land, reduces breeding cost.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by following technical proposals: a kind of saving the area promotes the pear tree breeding of new variety method of result ahead of time, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, dig planting pit and definite planting density: with 2 * 3m seeding row spacing, beat field planting point, and centered by field planting point, dig length and width, the planting pit of each 80cm deeply, while digging cave, will show soil separated with cubsoil, often spread manuer in holes into well-rotted farmyard manure 50kg, fertilizer and table soil are mixed to rear backfill;
Step 2, carries out preliminary election to seedling, and infected plant and thin and delicate strain are eliminated, and gets the plant that robust growth, anosis worm cause harm and by every planting pit 4～5 strains, carries out field planting, the shape cluster shape of field planting;
Step 3, in seedling management, intersects two strains of the seedling homonymy surviving in planting pit to draw branch, and angle is to become 100 ° to be advisable with ground;
Step 4, the management of growth season, after tree body germinates needs each plant back rudiment to carry out bud picking processing, and will carry out continuously affecting in case form water sprout tree body normal growth; Need to remove overstocked branch or young sprout simultaneously.
Preferably, described step 2 comprises following points for attention: select annual or biennial seedling, and plant and be advisable the time with the autumn; During field planting, if 4 strains are cluster, make its 4 angles that lay respectively at planting pit, if 5 strains, the 5th strain is placed in to the centre of planting pit.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is: the present invention saves occupation of land, reduces breeding cost, suppresses pears seedling apical dominance, promotes bud to form, do sth. in advance result, thereby improve breeding efficiency, shortens breeding cycle.
Embodiment
Provide preferred embodiment of the present invention below, to describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
The present invention saves the area and promotes that the pear tree breeding of new variety method of result comprises the following steps ahead of time:
Step 1, dig planting pit and definite planting density: with 2 * 3m seeding row spacing, beat field planting point, and centered by field planting point, dig length and width, the planting pit of each 80cm deeply, while digging cave, will show soil separated with cubsoil, often spread manuer in holes into well-rotted farmyard manure 50kg, fertilizer and table soil are mixed to rear backfill;
Step 2, carries out preliminary election to seedling, and infected plant and thin and delicate strain are eliminated, and gets the plant that robust growth, anosis worm cause harm and by every planting pit 4～5 strains, carries out field planting, the shape cluster shape of field planting; Step 2 comprises following points for attention: A, preferably selects 1 year or biennial seedling, and the time planted and is advisable with the autumn; When B, field planting, if 4 strains are cluster, make its 4 angles that lay respectively at planting pit, if 5 strains, the 5th strain is placed in to the centre of planting pit.
Step 3, in seedling management, intersects two strains of the seedling homonymy surviving in planting pit to draw branch, and angle is to become 100 ° to be advisable with ground; After drawing branch, in time back branch is removed, in case excessive growth affects tree vigo(u)r.If 5 strains be one " bunch ", core tree is not carried out to cutting back processing, only overstocked rudiment is carried out to bud picking processing and both can; All the other 4 strain processing methods are the same, also both by one " bunch " be considered as that a strain or a disposed of in its entirety---4 plant of evening up are 4 major branches (or permanent fruit-bearing shoot clusters), a middle Zhu Jiwei“ center leader is dry ".
Step 4, the management of growth season, after tree body germinates needs each plant back rudiment to carry out bud picking processing, and will carry out continuously affecting in case form water sprout tree body normal growth; Need to remove overstocked branch or young sprout, especially clip portion young sprout too much unsuitable, to maintain the leaf curtain " date core shaped " broad in the middle small in ends of each plant simultaneously.
The pears seedling cultivation method of result also can be done sth. in advance in above-mentioned a kind of soil of can effectively saving, field planting method change traditional Plant colonization be 4～5 strains be one " bunch " " bunch shape cultivation ", effectively improve land utilization rate, table one specific as follows (the every 666.7m of different planting systems
2the seedling quantity of planting) described in.
Table one
The pears seedling cultivation method of result also can be done sth. in advance in above-mentioned a kind of soil of can effectively saving, seedling management 4～5 strains are one " bunch " seedling look a strain of as a whole or traditional cultivation mode, and adopt corresponding shaping methods: 4 strains be one " bunch ", adopt " happy shape " shaping; 5 strains be one " bunch " adopt " individual layer one heart " plastic model, and major branch one by one each dry angle of individual plant and center that grows directly from seeds be 80 ° of left and right, be slightly larger than individual layer one heart (70 °).And be aided with the management of growth season in step 4, and the back bud of erasing, remove the supporting technology of overstocked young sprout etc., effectively suppressed the polar growth of seedling, inspire branch, ahead of time result.
The present invention saves occupation of land, reduces breeding cost, and inhibition pears seedling apical dominance, promotion bud form, do sth. in advance result, thereby improves breeding efficiency, shortening breeding cycle.The present invention is in New pear variety Breeding Process, large for seedling floor space, the problems such as overstocked field planting can not good result and the virgin phase of new seedling is long, breeding efficiency is low, traditional seedling Plant colonization mode is improved, take 4～5 strains as one " bunch ", also both the seedling field planting quantity of the unit are of equal planting density has increased by 3～4 times, has effectively improved the utilization ratio in soil; And draw branch, control the series matching technological means such as (removing) back branch, bud picking, pinching by intersection, can make the beginning result time limit of pears seedling do sth. in advance 1～2 year, 2 years Flowering Plants rates of field planting reach 36%, 3 years raw Flowering Plants rates of field planting reach 85%, and same combination adopts the seedling of traditional Plant colonization, the Flowering Plants rate of field planting life in 2,3 years is only respectively 5% and 31%.Major part needs 4～5 years ability results, and aspect the setting fruit position and fruiting quantities of firstfruits plant, the plant of " bunch shape " field planting is owing to drawing branch by interlocking, the apical dominance that has suppressed tree body, make whole growing way balanced, and branch is more, tree crown base portion all can result to top, and the seedling of traditional Plant colonization is because top shoot growth is vigorous, cause the Sheng of nourishing and growing, suppressed reproductive growth, and bottom branch is superfluous thin, can not form good bud, setting fruit position all concentrates on tree crown top, and result quantities is significantly less than " bunch shape " cultivation, life in 5 years is with few 40% left and right of combination seedling fruiting rate.Change by planting type is also aided with novel cultivation management technology, has significantly shortened the result time limit of pears seedlings, has accelerated breeding process, has improved pear tree breeding efficiency, has reduced breeding cost.
Those skilled in the art can carry out various remodeling and change to the present invention.Therefore, the present invention has covered various remodeling and the change in the scope that falls into appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. save the area and promote a pear tree breeding of new variety method for result ahead of time, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, dig planting pit and definite planting density: with 2 * 3m seeding row spacing, beat field planting point, and centered by field planting point, dig length and width, the planting pit of each 80cm deeply, while digging cave, will show soil separated with cubsoil, often spread manuer in holes into well-rotted farmyard manure 50kg, fertilizer and table soil are mixed to rear backfill;
Step 2, carries out preliminary election to seedling, and infected plant and thin and delicate strain are eliminated, and gets the plant that robust growth, anosis worm cause harm and by every planting pit 4～5 strains, carries out field planting, the shape cluster shape of field planting;
Step 3, in seedling management, intersects two strains of the seedling homonymy surviving in planting pit to draw branch, and angle is to become 100 ° to be advisable with ground;
Step 4, the management of growth season, after tree body germinates needs each plant back rudiment to carry out bud picking processing, and will carry out continuously affecting in case form water sprout tree body normal growth; Need to remove overstocked branch or young sprout simultaneously.
2. as claimed in claim 1 saving the area promotes the pear tree breeding of new variety method of result ahead of time, it is characterized in that, described step 2 comprises following points for attention: select annual or biennial seedling, and plant and be advisable the time with the autumn; During field planting, if 4 strains are cluster, make its 4 angles that lay respectively at planting pit, if 5 strains, the 5th strain is placed in to the centre of planting pit.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104285745A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-01-21 | 铁岭市林业科学研究院 | Method for selectively breeding corylus heterophylla fisch |
| CN104365431A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-25 | 上栗县梦仙生态农业发展有限公司 | Rapid high-yield cultivation method for hillside premature Cuiguan pear |
| CN104429775A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽久裕农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for late-autumn yellow pears |
| CN110301240A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-10-08 | 河北工程大学 | A kind of method that trunk shape pear tree height connects control apical dominance raising percentage of fertile fruit |
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| CN102783413A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fast crossbreeding method of pear tree |
| CN103004416A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | European pear tree labor-saving early-fruiting pruning method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104285745A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-01-21 | 铁岭市林业科学研究院 | Method for selectively breeding corylus heterophylla fisch |
| CN104365431A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-25 | 上栗县梦仙生态农业发展有限公司 | Rapid high-yield cultivation method for hillside premature Cuiguan pear |
| CN104429775A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽久裕农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for late-autumn yellow pears |
| CN110301240A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-10-08 | 河北工程大学 | A kind of method that trunk shape pear tree height connects control apical dominance raising percentage of fertile fruit |
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Application publication date: 20140122 |