CN103250573B - Seedling growing method for overcoming self-incompatibility of pears - Google Patents
Seedling growing method for overcoming self-incompatibility of pears Download PDFInfo
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- CN103250573B CN103250573B CN201310180730.XA CN201310180730A CN103250573B CN 103250573 B CN103250573 B CN 103250573B CN 201310180730 A CN201310180730 A CN 201310180730A CN 103250573 B CN103250573 B CN 103250573B
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Abstract
Provided is a seedling growing method for overcoming self-incompatibility of pears. The method includes the steps of stock seedling breeding and grafting. According to the step of grafting, two varieties are selected and combined as cions, and the two varieties are different in S gene classification, synchronous in flowering phase, large in pollen quantity and strong in pollen viability; in breeding of pear variety seedlings without pollen, the pear variety seedlings need to be combined with other two varieties or three varieties as cions, and the two varieties or three varieties are different in S gene classification, synchronous in flowering phase, large in pollen quantity and strong in pollen viability; the grafting method is bud grafting, the combinations of the two varieties are Yuan Huang (S3S4)+Cui Guan (S2S5), and the like, and the combinations of the three varieties is Xin Gao (S3S9)+Yuan Huang (S3S4)+Cui Guan (S2S5), and the like. According to the seedling growing method for overcoming the self-incompatibility of the pears, problems existing in pollination variety selective breeding of the pears are fundamental solved in the seedling breeding stage, and therefore great economic losses brought to orchard workers in production and caused by the self-incompatibility of the pears can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pear tree culture technique field, is a kind of seedling-cultivating method that overcomes pear tree self-incompatibillity.
Background technology
The second largest deciduous fruit tree of the main cultivation of Li Shi China occupies critical role in national economy.According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) statistics, Chinese pear harvest area in 2011 and gross yield are respectively 113.2 ten thousand hectares and 1594.5 ten thousand tons, account for respectively 70.1% and 66.7% of global pears total yield area and output, all occupy first place in the world.But aborning, pears need correctly to configure pollinated variety and could obtain economic flow rate because having self-incompatibillity.This brings very big inconvenience to the producer.
Self-incompatibillity (Self-incompatibility, SI) is that phanerogams prevents inbreeding and keeps the successional a kind of important mechanisms of species.Press morphology and genetic sorting technique, the SI of plant is divided into isomorphism SI(Homomorphic SI) and the large type of heteromorphism (Heteromorphic SI) two.Isomorphism SI is divided into again sporophyte type (Sporophytic), gametophytic (Gametophytic) and sporophyte type-gametophytic (Sporophytic-Gametophytic).At present, the clear and definite pears of molecular biology research are gametophyte self-incompatible type plants that a plurality of allelomorph in single site is controlled, its self-incompatibillity is by the multiple allele of a gene loci (self-incompatibility allele, being called for short S-allele or S-gene) institute controls, and shows as self-pollination or identical
sbetween genotype kind during cross pollination, though pollen can on column cap, sprout, suppressed and stop growing in extending way along style to ovary, cannot complete fertilization, and cause self-pollination or identical
sbetween genotype kind, cross pollination is shaky.Such as pears kind ' abundance of water ' and ' Huashan ', they
sgenotype is as S
3s
5, so these two kinds cannot be mutually as pollinizers.Except first considering it
soutside genotype, pears pollinated variety apolegamy also needs to consider the pollen amount of kind and Pollen Activity, the florescence factor such as whether meet, such as ' gold ' and ' new peak ' should not be used as pollinated variety because of pollen abortion.
Pears genetic background is very complicated, so it is grown seedlings and generally by asexual reproduction methods such as graftings, completes.Common seedling-cultivating method is: after the person of growing seedlings is emerged birch-leaf pear or beans pears stock planting seed, by the scion grafting of a pear cultivation kind to stock, thereby breed into the pears seedling of this kind.And how to be its correct apolegamy pollinated variety, for the grower of pears seedling, be a difficult problem.This method is being passed through pears kind
son genotype and phenophase at florescence observational study basis, the good suitable pollinated variety combination of apolegamy, and by its grafting to a strain rootstock seedling, thereby breed out, contain two or three and can be used as the affine pears kind nursery stock of mutual pollination.The method can be pears agriculture and fundamentally effectively overcomes pears and bring the improper loss bringing to production of pollinated variety apolegamy because of self-incompatibillity.Pollinizers apolegamy problem during the present invention produces pear cultivation solved in the stage of growing seedlings at all, brought very big facility to pear tree grower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of pears seedling-cultivating method.In pears seedling grafting period, the different pears kind scion combination graftings of suitable mutual pollination, to same rootstock seedling, and then are bred into the pear tree nursery stock that carries pollinated variety, can effectively overcome the not affine and pollinated variety apolegamy difficult problem brought of pears selfing.
Technical scheme provided by the invention:
Overcome a seedling-cultivating method for pears self-incompatibillity, its concrete steps are as follows:
1. breeding of rootstock seedling:
Pears seedling rootstock is generally selected birch-leaf pear or beans pears; Stock seed after processing, lamination is sowed to field after early spring, soil thawed; When height of seedling 30 cm, stay 7～8 of great Ye to carry out pinching, with the gibberellin of 30 ~ 50 mg/L, spray and process, promote young sprout to increase thick until can grafting;
2. grafting:
When rootstock seedling on the ground 10 cm place rugosity reach 0.8 cm and can carry out grafting when above; Before grafting, 10d waters water one time;
Select that kind is pure, robust growth, without quarantine damage by disease and insect, the Characters stable the full bearing period pear tree as adopting fringe maternal plant; Select that S genotype is different, flower synchronization and the large Pollen Activity of pollen amount strong two, breed combination be as scion;
During for the breeding of the pears kind nursery stock without pollen, need to be different from other S genotype, flower synchronization and strong two breed combinations of the large Pollen Activity of pollen amount or three breed combinations are as scion; Grafting method is bud grafting;
During grafting, wipe out the side shoot below stock trunk graft position, more than transferring interface distance ground 15cm, between two scion varieties at a distance of 3 ~ 5cm; Two breed combinations are 180 ° between two scion if, and 3 breed combinations are 120 ° of arrangements between scion if;
3. managing after grafting:
After bud grafting, 10 d left and right, touch bud sheet petiole and come off, and show grafting survival, should remove in time bondage;
Before Second Year rudiment in spring, on buddering in the top, anvil is cut at 0.5 cm place, short its sprouting of buddering, and erase in time the rudiment on stock;
When grafting grows to 110 cm left and right, to its continuous pinching, short its enriches, overstriking;
Mid or late September, to the grafting processing of being completely cured, to inspire lateral root; Outplanting standard is carried out with reference to the industry standard < < pears nursery stock > > of the Ministry of Agriculture (NY475-2002).
Wherein two breed combinations are: the yellow (S in garden
3s
4)+emerald green hat (S
2s
5)
Emerald green hat (S
2s
5)+aqua regin (S
3s
4)
Abundance of water (S
3s
5no. 1)+Jinsui River (S
3s
7)
Three breed combinations are: new peak (S
3s
9yellow (the S in)+garden
3s
4)+emerald green hat (S
2s
5)
Gold (S
3s
4)+emerald green hat (S
2s
5)+snow virtue (S
4s
16)
beneficial effect:
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
The existing seedling-cultivating method of pears is the grafting and breeding of single variety, and pears must correctly carry out pollinizers configurations because of self-incompatibillity and could produce economic flow rate, and how correctly to match pollinated variety, are an individual difficult problem for vast pears agriculture.Pears seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, gives basic solution by the apolegamy of pears pollinated variety in the stage of growing seedlings, thereby has overcome the heavy economic losses that pears bring to orchard worker aborning because of self-incompatibillity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is bud grafting figure
Fig. 2 is that simple bud has met figure
Fig. 3 is two scion variety spacing figure
Fig. 4 is grafting survival figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Basic thought of the present invention is to utilize the graft technology pollinated variety apolegamy difficult problem that pears bring because of self-incompatibillity in the stage of growing seedlings solves production.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the inventive method to solve the yellow pears in garden in production in the stage of growing seedlings and match a difficult problem with the pollinizers of emerald green hat pears.Concrete technical step is as follows:
1, breeding of rootstock seedling: beans pears seed is sowed at field after lamination is processed after early spring, soil thawed.Nursery lot should use sufficient base fertilizer, and thin fertile duty is executed after emerging, and enhances field management.When 30 centimetres of heights of seedling, stay 7～8 of great Ye to carry out pinching, with the gibberellin of 50 mg/L, spray and process, promote young sprout to increase thick.
2, grafting: 7 ~ August, when rootstock seedling on the ground 10cm place rugosity reach 0.8cm and can carry out grafting when above.Before grafting, 10d waters water one time.Select that kind is pure, robust growth, without quarantine damage by disease and insect, garden in the full bearing period that the Characters is stable, yellow (S genotype is S
3s
4) and kingfisher is preced with, and (S genotype is S
2s
5) pear tree is as adopting fringe maternal plant.Grafting method is bud grafting.During grafting, wipe out the side shoot below stock trunk graft position, more than transferring interface distance ground 15cm, between two scion varieties, at a distance of 5cm, on stock, be 180 ° of arrangements.
3, managing after grafting:
10d after bud grafting, touches bud sheet petiole and comes off, and shows grafting survival, removes in time bondage.Before Second Year rudiment in spring, on buddering in the top, anvil is cut at 0.5 cm place, short its sprouting of buddering, and erase in time the rudiment on stock.When grafting grows to 110 cm left and right, to its continuous pinching, short its enriches, overstriking.Mid or late September, to the grafting processing of being completely cured, to inspire lateral root.Outplanting standard is carried out with reference to the industry standard < < pears nursery stock > > of the Ministry of Agriculture (NY475-2002).
This pears seedling is welcome by orchard worker deeply after going out garden, pears seedling price is 1.5 ~ 3 times of common pears seedling.Bring very big facility on the one hand vast pears agriculture, no longer worry to bring because pollinated variety apolegamy is improper production loss; Also increased on the other hand the person's of growing seedlings income.
Claims (1)
1. overcome a seedling-cultivating method for pears self-incompatibillity, its concrete steps are as follows:
1. breeding of rootstock seedling:
Pears seedling rootstock is selected birch-leaf pear or beans pears; Stock seed after processing, lamination is sowed to field after early spring, soil thawed; When height of seedling 30 cm, stay 7～8 of great Ye to carry out pinching, with the gibberellin of 30 ~ 50 mg/L, spray and process, promote young sprout to increase thick until can grafting;
2. grafting:
When rootstock seedling on the ground 10 cm place rugosity reach 0.8 cm and can carry out grafting when above; Before grafting, 10d waters water one time;
Select that kind is pure, robust growth, without quarantine damage by disease and insect, the Characters stable the full bearing period pear tree as adopting fringe maternal plant; Select two improved seeds that S genotype difference, flower synchronization and the large Pollen Activity of pollen amount are strong to combine as scion;
During for the breeding of the pears kind nursery stock without pollen, need to be different from other S genotype, flower synchronization and strong two breed combinations of the large Pollen Activity of pollen amount or three breed combinations are as scion; Grafting method is bud grafting;
During grafting, wipe out the side shoot below stock trunk graft position, more than transferring interface distance ground 15cm, between two scion varieties at a distance of 3 ~ 5cm; Two breed combinations are 180 ° between two scion if, and 3 breed combinations are 120 ° of arrangements between scion if;
3. managing after grafting:
After bud grafting, 10 d left and right, touch bud sheet petiole and come off, and show grafting survival, should remove in time bondage;
Before Second Year rudiment in spring, on buddering in the top, anvil is cut at 0.5 cm place, short its sprouting of buddering, and erase in time the rudiment on stock;
When grafting grows to 110 cm left and right, to its continuous pinching, short its enriches, overstriking;
Mid or late September, to the grafting processing of being completely cured, to inspire lateral root; Outplanting standard is carried out with reference to the industry standard < < pears nursery stock > > of the Ministry of Agriculture (NY475-2002);
Wherein said two breed combinations are: the yellow S in garden
3s
4+ emerald green hat S
2s
5
Emerald green hat S
2s
5+ aqua regin S
3s
4
Abundance of water S
3s
5no. 1 ,+Jinsui River S
3s
7
Three described breed combinations are: new peak S
3s
9the yellow S in+garden
3s
4+ emerald green hat S
2s
5
Gold S
3s
4+ emerald green hat S
2s
5+ avenge fragrant S
4s
16.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105993617A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-12 | 蔡文霞 | High-altitude planting method for eriobotrya japonica |
| CN106069219A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method of other kind pears of pear-tree grafting |
| CN106888814A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-27 | 刘四黑 | High section of oil tea changes hat combination engrafting method |
| CN108077062A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-29 | 清涧县科学技术局 | A kind of jujube tree artificial hybridization Juvenile stage method based on S genotype |
| CN109526432B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-04-23 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Sweet cherry seedling raising and garden building method in high-altitude cold areas |
| CN110301240B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-08-20 | 河北工程大学 | Method for improving fruit set percentage by controlling top end advantage through trunk-shaped pear tree high grafting |
| CN114631436B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-07-23 | 昆山市华明绿化工程有限公司 | Grafting planting method for flower pears |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030028522A (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2003-04-08 | 경상남도 | The methods for tow branch growth of young Pear tree |
| CN102783413A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fast crossbreeding method of pear tree |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030028522A (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2003-04-08 | 경상남도 | The methods for tow branch growth of young Pear tree |
| CN102783413A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fast crossbreeding method of pear tree |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 中国梨品种自交不亲和新基因的分离鉴定;谭晓风等;《中南林学院学报》;20050228;第25卷(第1期);第1－3页 * |
| 果树自交不亲和机理及应用研究进展;陈超等;《河北林果研究》;20050331;第20卷(第1期);第86－90页 * |
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