CN103517468B - PTC electrical heating element, electric heater unit and electric car - Google Patents
PTC electrical heating element, electric heater unit and electric car Download PDFInfo
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- CN103517468B CN103517468B CN201210215420.2A CN201210215420A CN103517468B CN 103517468 B CN103517468 B CN 103517468B CN 201210215420 A CN201210215420 A CN 201210215420A CN 103517468 B CN103517468 B CN 103517468B
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Abstract
The invention provides a PTC electrical heating element. The PTC electrical heating element comprises a PTC heating assembly, a first electrode assembly, a second electrode assembly and an insulating layer, wherein the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly are arranged on two sides of the PTC heating assembly; the insulating layer is arranged on an outer side of the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly. The first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly comprise fixing electrodes. The fixing electrodes of the first electrode assembly and/or the second electrode assembly are trapezoidal electrodes. An inner side surface of each trapezoidal electrode which faces the PTC heating assembly is a vertical surface. An outer side surface facing the insulating layer is an inclined plane. The invention also relates to an electric heater unit and an electric car adopting the PTC electrical heating element. At least one fixing electrode of the PTC electrical heating element of the invention is the trapezoidal electrode so that the PTC electrical heating element can be stably installed in a heat conduction groove without a fixing part. Heat generated by the PTC electrical heating element can be directly transmitted to a medium in a circulation cavity through the heat conduction groove so that heat losses are less.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heater field, particularly relate to a kind of PTC electric heating element for electric motor car and electric heater unit.
Background technology
The air conditioning and heating system of conventional fuel oil automobile introduces heat exchanger using the waste heat of using waste heat from tail gas or engine cool recirculated water as thermal source usually, the air sent here by forced draft fan and heat exchanger carry out heat exchange, air after heating is sent in car, reaches heating, demist, defrosting and is other objects needing the parts of thermal source to heat.But, along with the application of pure electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle, particularly for pure electric vehicle, enough waste heats are not had for automotive interior heating during its work, in addition, under the environment that winter is extremely cold, need defrosting and demist to need thermal source equally before automobile starting, therefore need increase electric auxiliary heating device on the basis of electric compressor mechanism cold.
Existing electric heater unit comprises housing and is positioned over the several PTC electric heating elements in described housing, PTC(positive temperature coefficient) feature of electric heating element is, when its resistivity is in the temperature range that certain is certain, base portion remains unchanged, and when temperature reaches the near Curie temperature of PTC element, its resistivity can increase rapidly, close to insulator in narrower temperature range.Current PTC element is divided into ceramic PTC and polymer PTC, usual use ceramic PTC is as heating element, it has temp auto-controlled heating, the safe flames of anger, nonflammable, without features such as potential safety hazards, and automatically can reduce heating power after ambient temperature improves, reaching the effect of automatic energy saving, is a kind of ideal electric heating material.
CN100567843C discloses a kind of electric calorifie installation, described electric calorifie installation has housing, wherein at least one electric heating element of electric calorifie installation to be firmly held in this housing and to be separated completely by partition wall and the medium remained in torus, and housing is divided into heating chamber and torus by this partition wall.Torus has the import and the outlet that are respectively used to introduce and discharge medium.Electric heating element is preferably PTC electric heating element and is maintained at by clamping force in the recess of partition wall formation; Consult accompanying drawing 3 and Fig. 4 of the disclosure document, in the specific embodiment of this electric calorifie installation, utilization is arranged in the pressure elements in recess equally and is pressed on the opposite side parts of recess in the mode of good contact by electric heating element, pressure elements is formed with trapezoidal shape, and pressure elements will guarantee the long sidepiece of U-shaped recess, the full surface contact between electric heating element and ladder shape part in electric heating element wedging recess tightly.In order to ensure the good thermal conductivity to electric heating element both sides, to transfer heat to the medium in torus, by making electric heating element lean against on a side component, and pressure elements is made up of good thermal conductive material and preferred whole surface leans against on electric heating element and realizes.But, such scheme makes PTC electric heating element obtain good fixing by pressure elements, but simultaneously, due to PTC electric heating element conduct heat time, the caloric requirement that one side produces passes to the side component of U-shaped recess again by pressure elements, then transfers heat to the medium in torus by U-shaped recess, even if pressure elements is made up of good thermal conductive material, also can impact the heat-transfer effect of PTC electric heating element, cause the heat efficiency of electric calorifie installation lower; In addition, pressure elements is set PTC electric heating element is fixed, also make the complex structure of electric calorifie installation, install and comparatively bother.
Summary of the invention
Electric heating element is pressed on the opposite side parts of recess in order to the PTC electric heating element solving existing electric heater unit passes through the pressure elements be arranged in recess equally by the present invention, arrange pressure elements can impact the heat-transfer effect of PTC electric heating element, medium can not be absorbed heat preferably, cause the technical problem that the heat efficiency of electric calorifie installation is lower.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of PTC electric heating element, comprising PTC heating component, be located at first, second electrode assemblie of PTC heating component both sides, and be located at the insulating barrier outside electrode assemblie; First, second electrode assemblie described comprises fixed electrode, and the fixed electrode of described first electrode assemblie and/or the second electrode assemblie is trapezoidal electrode, and described trapezoidal electrode is vertical plane towards the medial surface of PTC heating component, and the lateral surface towards insulating barrier is inclined-plane.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described first electrode assemblie is identical with the second electrode assemblie, and the fixed electrode of the first electrode assemblie and the second electrode assemblie is trapezoidal electrode.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, first, second electrode assemblie described also comprises contact electrode, and described contact electrode contacts with PTC heating component, and described fixed electrode is between contact electrode and insulating barrier.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described contact electrode adopts the conductive heat conducting material with elasticity of compression deformation to make.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described contact electrode adopts the one in conducting high polymers thing, tin and alloy, copper and alloy thereof, electrically conductive graphite to make; Described fixed electrode adopts aluminium, gold or stainless steel to make.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described insulating barrier is insulating heat-conductive film, and described insulating heat-conductive film is coated on lateral surface and the bottom surface of first, second electrode assemblie described.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described insulating heat-conductive film is adopt a kind of rete made in organic silicon rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described PTC electric heating element also comprises synovial membrane, and described synovial membrane is coated on the outer surface of insulating heat-conductive film.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described synovial membrane is polyimide film or copper foil membrane.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, the lateral area of described battery lead plate is greater than the lateral area of PTC heating component, and extends to form extension; Heat conduction embedding blob of viscose is filled with between the extension of described two battery lead plates; Described heat conduction embedding blob of viscose adopts the one in organic silicon potting adhesive, polyurethane pouring sealant, epoxy resin embedding adhesive to make.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described PTC heating component comprises insulation fixed frame and several PTC element, and described insulation fixed frame is formed with several fixed cell, and described several PTC element is individually fixed in described several fixed cell.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, described insulation fixed frame adopts conductive coefficient to be 0.02W/(mK) ~ 5.0W/(mK) organic polymer make; Insulation fixed frame comprises several first dividers and several second dividers, and several the first divider parallel interval described are arranged, and several the second divider parallel interval described are arranged, and described first divider and described second divider square crossing are arranged; Described several fixed cell is separated to form by several first dividers described and several second dividers.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, separated by described first divider or the second divider between two adjacent PTC elements.
In described PTC electric heating element, preferably, several first dividers described are arranged along the Width of PTC element, and the spacing between two adjacent the first dividers equals the width of PTC element; Several second dividers described are arranged along the length direction of PTC element, and the spacing between two adjacent the second dividers equals the length of PTC element; The thickness of several first dividers described and/or several the second dividers equals the thickness of PTC element.
The present invention also provides a kind of electric heater unit, comprise housing and several PTC electric heating element, described housing be formed several thermal trough, for hold medium and for medium circulation torus and is communicated with torus for medium being supplied to the import in described torus and being used for the outlet that is directed to by medium outside described torus, described torus is relative to described thermal trough sealing setting; Wherein, described PTC electric heating element is PTC electric heating element as above, and described thermal trough is dovetail groove, and its at least one side is inclined-plane, and described PTC electric heating element to be arranged in described dovetail groove and suitable with described dovetail groove.
In described electric heater unit, preferably, the two sides of described thermal trough are inclined-plane; The lateral surface of described fixed electrode and the side of described thermal trough suitable.
In described electric heater unit, preferably, described housing comprises the first housing, the second housing be installed on the first housing, described second housing arranges described several thermal trough, described several thermal trough extend in described first housing, form torus between described several thermal trough and the first housing, described import and outlet are located on the first housing.
In described electric heater unit, preferably, described second housing comprises connecting wall and partition wall, and described divider walls forms described several thermal trough, and the openend of described several thermal trough is connected with described connecting wall; Described torus comprises several cycling element, and described several cycling element is formed between partition wall and the first housing; Described first housing comprises the first side wall and the second sidewall, and described several thermal trough is formed with passage respectively and between described the first side wall or the second sidewall, and described several cycling element is connected by described passage.
In described electric heater unit, preferably, described several thermal trough comprises several first thermal trough and several second thermal trough, described several first thermal trough and several second thermal trough are arranged alternately, wherein, the first thermal trough is connected with the first side wall, and and be formed with passage between the second sidewall, second thermal trough is connected with the second sidewall, and and is formed with passage between the first side wall.
Invention further provides a kind of electric motor car, comprise air conditioning and heating system, described air conditioning and heating system comprises electric heater unit as above.
At least one fixed electrode of the PTC electric heating element of electric heater unit of the present invention is trapezoidal electrode, and described thermal trough is dovetail groove, and its at least one side is inclined-plane, and described PTC electric heating element to be arranged in described dovetail groove and suitable with described dovetail groove; Described PTC electric heating element is made not need can firmly be installed in thermal trough by fixture, the heat that PTC electric heating element produces all directly can be delivered to the medium in torus by thermal trough, thermal loss is less, make to adopt the heat efficiency of the electric heater unit of this PTC electric heating element to be effectively improved, can preferably for being electric motor car heating, defrosting, demist and need the parts of thermal source to heat for other.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the profile of the electric heater unit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of the PTC electric heating element shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view that the PTC electric heating element shown in Fig. 2 is installed on thermal trough.
Fig. 4 is the decomposing schematic representation of the PTC electric heating element shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the PTC heating component shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the insulation fixed frame of the PTC heating component shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the combination schematic diagram of the housing of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the decomposing schematic representation of the housing of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of the housing shown in Fig. 7.
Embodiment
In order to make technical problem solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Consult Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of electric heater unit for electric motor car, comprise housing 1 and be installed on the several PTC electric heating elements 2 in housing 1.With the housing in background technology similarly, described housing 1 comprises: for hold PTC electric heating element 2 heating chamber 11, for hold medium and the torus 12 passed through for media flow, be communicated with torus 12 for the import 13 that medium is supplied in described torus 12 and be used for medium being directed to the outlet 14 outside described torus 12; Described heating chamber 11 comprises several thermal trough 160, and described PTC electric heating element 2 is arranged in described thermal trough 160, and described torus 12 seals relative to described thermal trough 160 and arranges.
Main improvement of the present invention is that the structure of PTC electric heating element exists different from the structure of the PTC electric heating element mentioned in background technology, makes PTC electric heating element 2 without the need to getting final product good being arranged in thermal trough 160 by pressure elements.To consult Fig. 2-6, the PTC electric heating element 2 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprise PTC heating component 20, be located at first, second electrode assemblies of PTC heating component 20 both sides and the insulating barrier 23 be located at outside first, second electrode assemblie; PTC heating component 20 comprises at least one PTC element 27, first, second electrode assemblie described comprises contact electrode 21 and fixed electrode 22, described contact electrode 21 contacts with PTC heating component 20, and described fixed electrode 22 is between contact electrode 21 and insulating barrier 23; The fixed electrode 22 of described first electrode assemblie and/or the second electrode assemblie is trapezoidal electrode, in the present embodiment, the fixed electrode 22 of described first electrode assemblie and the second electrode assemblie is trapezoidal electrode, described trapezoidal electrode is vertical plane towards the medial surface of PTC heating component 20, and the lateral surface towards insulating barrier 23 is inclined-plane.The present invention does not adopt independent pressure elements, but at least one fixed electrode 22 is made into trapezoidal electrode, plays the effect of pressure elements, can effectively conserve space, alleviate quality and simultaneously play fixation again; Especially, the heat that PTC electric heating element produces directly can pass to the medium in torus by thermal trough 160, without pressure elements, thermal loss is less.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, described thermal trough 160 is the dovetail groove on inclined-plane for two sides, the fixed electrode 22 of the first electrode assemblie and the second electrode assemblie is made into trapezoidal electrode, for adapting to the thermal trough 160 with trapezoidal cross-section, the PTC electric heating element 2 with this structure can embed thermal trough 160 easily, the pressure of thermal trough 160 both sides suffered during embedding thermal trough 160 can make PTC electric heating element 2 and thermal trough 160 form good contact, and, it is darker that PTC electric heating element 2 embeds thermal trough 160, the pressure at right angle that PTC electric heating element 2 is subject to is larger, more be not easy to be removed, without the need to pressure elements, its fixation can be realized.Be understandable that, described thermal trough 160 also can be a side is vertical plane, another side is the dovetail groove on inclined-plane, now, according to the shape of thermal trough 160, only the fixed electrode 22 of the first electrode assemblie or the second electrode assemblie is made into trapezoidal electrode, PTC electric heating element 2 and thermal trough 160 can be made equally to form good contact.
As in Figure 2-4, specifically, the effect of described fixed electrode 22 is to connect the effect that power supply plays pressure elements simultaneously, by fixed electrode 22 is made into trapezoidal electrode, adapt to the thermal trough 160 with trapezoidal cross-section, without the need to pressure elements, namely PTC electric heating element 2 can be fixed in thermal trough 160 and to form good contact with thermal trough 160.Described fixed electrode 22 is made up of electric conducting material, preferably adopts the large metal of hardness to make, such as: can be aluminium, gold, stainless steel, aluminium alloy etc.The upper end of fixed electrode 22 is extended with the leading-out terminal 221 for connecting power supply, and leading-out terminal 221 is fixed on fixed electrode 22 by welding or riveting method.For ensureing that PTC heating component 20 has better contact with between fixed electrode 22, the lateral area of fixed electrode 22 is more than or equal to the lateral area of PTC heating component 20.In other embodiments of the invention, under preferable case, the area of fixed electrode 22 is greater than the lateral area of PTC heating component 20, and extend to form extension up and/or down, between the extension of two fixed electrodes 22, heat conduction embedding blob of viscose 25 is filled at place, described heat conduction embedding blob of viscose 25 can adopt organic silicon potting adhesive, polyurethane pouring sealant, epoxy resin embedding adhesive etc. to make, play the effect of being insulated by two fixed electrodes 22, avoid short circuit.
Further, continue to consult Fig. 2-4, as everyone knows, electric conductivity between the PTC element of PTC electric heating element 2 and battery lead plate (being equivalent to fixed electrode), contact resistance size is to the withstand voltage properties of electric heating module, and the fail safe particularly for a long time, under high voltage operation environment, reliability have a significant impact.In the prior art, the PTC element of PTC electric heating element 2 and the direct rigid contact of battery lead plate, Presence of an interface gap, and PTC element is when making shaping, exists and makes tolerance, the variable thickness of PTC element causes, when several PTC element arranges on battery lead plate, part PTC element not exclusively contacts with electrode, and the way of contact of this direct contact is under high voltage environment, there is the risk occurring arc over PTC element, cause short circuit.Thus, in the present invention, preferably, contact electrode 21 is set between described PTC heating component 20 and fixed electrode 22.Described contact electrode 21 adopts the conductive heat conducting material with larger elasticity of compression deformation to make; Elastic compression deformation can be there is when being subject to ambient pressure, the thickness deviation of PTC element can be supplemented, ensure to form good contact between PTC element and first, second electrode assemblie.Described contact electrode 21 adopts the conductive heat conducting material with larger elasticity of compression deformation to make, and can be conducting high polymers thing, such as: conductive rubber.Described contact electrode can also be made up of the larger metal of elastic compression deflection and alloy, such as: metallic tin and alloy, copper and alloy thereof etc.; Comparatively soft electrically conductive graphite sheet can also be adopted to make, and in brief, the conductive heat conducting material with larger elasticity of compression deformation all can be used for making contact electrode 21.Contact electrode 21 is set between described PTC heating component 20 and fixed electrode 22, for the PTC element of rigidity directly contacts with fixed electrode 22, can contact resistance be reduced; And do not affect interface heat transfer, the heat making PTC element produce can conduct to fixed electrode 22 fully; And ensure that PTC element can use safely for a long time in high-pressure system.In a word, by arranging described contact electrode 21, promote the electric conductivity between PTC element and first, second electrode assemblie, reduce contact resistance, make PTC electric heating element have preferably fail safe, reliability under long-time, high voltage operation environment, be understandable that, adopt the electrode assemblie structure comprising contact electrode to be suitable for using at higher voltages, lower than 400V(DC) voltage under, can not contact electrode be set and fixed electrode (trapezoidal electrode) is only set.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, described PTC electric heating element 2 comprises the insulating barrier 23 be located at outside fixed electrode 22 further, the cross section of insulating barrier 23 becomes U-shaped, the lateral surface of coated described two fixed electrodes 22 and bottom surface, with electric insulation fixed electrode 22 and thermal trough 160.And insulating barrier 23 is insulating heat-conductive film, adopt insulation and the good material of thermal conductivity is made, be unlikely to lose the heat transmitted, such as: adopt organic silicon rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, ceramic insulating material etc. to make.
Skilled in the art will recognize that, need to insulate between battery lead plate and thermal trough 160, insulating method of the present invention for arrange insulating heat-conductive film 23 between fixed electrode and thermal trough 160, but, when PTC electric heating element embeds in thermal trough 160, the shearing force suffered by insulating heat-conductive film 23 is easier to be damaged insulating heat-conductive film 23.Thus, in the preferred case, PTC electric heating element 2 of the present invention also comprises synovial membrane 24, and described synovial membrane 24 is coated on the outer surface of insulating heat-conductive film 23.Described synovial membrane adopts higher, the ganoid material of intensity to be made, and can be organic polymer thin film or metallic film, such as: polyimide film, Copper thin film etc.Adopt synovial membrane 24 to be coated on the outer surface of insulating heat-conductive film 23, and then PTC electric heating element 2 is embedded in thermal trough 160, can effectively protect insulating heat-conductive film 23 not to be damaged.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that when PTC electric heating element 2 comprises several PTC element, owing to there is variable thickness and causes or the factor such as placement location is improper and be difficult to fix in several PTC element; And because PTC element is very sensitive to temperature, the heating effect of several PTC element is incomplete same, and several PTC element operationally, can influence each other if contacted with each other, the performance of this several PTC element is caused to can not get playing completely.In addition, PTC element is used for electric motor car, require that PTC element is high pressure P TC element, in hyperbaric environment, occur the phenomenon that arcing is discharged reaching safety standard between two battery lead plates, very strict to the pitch requirements between two battery lead plates, but the spacing increased between two battery lead plates, the volume of PTC element can be caused excessive.Another improvements of the present invention are, described PTC heating component 20 comprises several PTC element 27 and insulation fixed frame 26, described insulation fixed frame 26 is formed with several fixed cell 260, described several PTC element 27 is individually fixed in described several fixed cell 260, the setting of described insulation fixed frame 26 can isolate fixing described several PTC element 27, described several PTC element 27 can be fixed preferably, and reduce influencing each other when PTC element 27 works, the power of PTC element 27 is fully played.
As Figure 4-Figure 6, specifically, PTC heating component 20 is the devices producing heat in PTC electric heating element 2, preferably include at least two PTC elements 27, in the present embodiment, comprise six PTC elements 27, described PTC element 27 can adopt existing PTC element, be preferably ceramic PTC, have in the relative both side surface of ceramic PTC the conductive electrode (not shown) arranged by modes such as spraying, printings, described conductive electrode is preferably silver electrode; In the present invention, described PTC heating component 20 comprise PTC element 27 quantity can arrange according to the power of electric heater unit, to meet the needs of electric heater unit.
PTC electric heating element 2 of the present invention also comprises insulation fixed frame 26, described insulation fixed frame 26 forms PTC heating component 20 with being installed on together with several PTC elements 27 of insulating on fixed frame 26, be positioned between first, second electrode assemblie, several PTC element 27 is fixed between insulation fixed frame 26 and first, second electrode assemblie preferably.Consult Fig. 4-6, described insulation fixed frame 26 comprises several the first divider 261 and several second dividers 262, several the first divider 261 parallel interval described are arranged, several the second divider 262 parallel interval described are arranged, and described first divider 261 is arranged with described second divider 262 square crossing; Described several fixed cell 260 is separated to form by several first dividers 261 described and several second dividers 262.As shown in Figure 6, in the present embodiment, insulation fixed frame 26 comprises two the first dividers, 261, three the second dividers 262, described two the first dividers 261 parallel and are spaced a distance, similarly, described three the second dividers 262 parallel and are spaced a distance, and described two the first dividers 261 are perpendicular and crossing with three the second dividers 262 respectively; Described two the first dividers 261 and three the second dividers 262 form six fixed cells 260, can be used for installation six PTC elements 27.Be understandable that, the quantity of PTC element 27 needed for PTC electric heating element 2 can determine the quantity of fixed cell 260, and then determine the quantity of the first required divider 261, second divider 262, form the insulation fixed frame 26 matched, be not limited to the insulation fixed frame 26 in illustrating.
In the present embodiment, described two the first dividers 261 are arranged along the Width of PTC element 27, in the preferred case, the spacing between two the first dividers 261 equals the width of PTC element 27, is effectively located in the direction of the width to make described PTC element 27; Described three the second dividers 262 are arranged along the length direction of PTC element 27, and in the preferred case, the spacing between three the second dividers 262 equals the length of PTC element 27, is effectively located in the longitudinal direction to make described PTC element 27.It is worth mentioning that, separated by described first divider 261 or the second divider 262 between two adjacent PTC elements 27.As shown in Figure 6, two adjacent in the direction of the width PTC elements 27 are separated by the first divider 261, and two adjacent in the longitudinal direction PTC elements 27 are separated by the second divider 262.By the PTC element 27 of the first divider 261 or the second divider 262 space between adjacent, influencing each other when PTC element 27 works can be reduced, improve the power of PTC element 27, the performance of PTC element 27 is fully played.
As shown in Figures 2 and 4, in the present invention, described insulation fixed frame 26 is fixed between two fixed electrodes 22, and by binding agent and contact electrode 21(or fixed electrode) between realize boning fixing.Thus the thickness of insulation fixed frame 26 equals the thickness of PTC element 27, namely the thickness of several first dividers 261 described and/or several the second dividers 262 equals the thickness of PTC element 27, to be fixed on reliably between contact electrode to make insulation fixed frame 26 and then fixing PTC element reliably, and not affect PTC element and contact electrode 21(or fixed electrode) between form good contact; Described PTC element 27 carries out separation location by described insulation fixed frame 26 on length, Width, is folded in a thickness direction between two contact electrodes 21, several PTC element 27 is fixed effectively.
Skilled in the art will recognize that, when PTC electric heating element is used in hyperbaric environment, the phenomenon that arcing is discharged is there is between first, second electrode assemblie, reach safety standard, very strict to the pitch requirements between first, second electrode assemblie, cause the volume of PTC electric heating element excessive.In the present invention, insulation fixed frame 26 is made by adopting high temperature resistant, high voltage bearing material, the withstand voltage properties between first, second electrode assemblie can be increased, reduce the arcing electric discharge phenomena between first, second electrode assemblie, avoid PTC element 27 breakdown.In the present invention, employing conductive coefficient is 0.02W/(mK) ~ 5.0W/(mK) organic polymer, such as: adopt organosilicon or polyimides, make and there is insulation fixed frame 26 that is high temperature resistant, high voltage performance.The preferred injection molding process of moulding process of described insulation fixed frame 26; Insulating properties between first, second electrode assemblie that effectively can be improved high pressure P TC electric heating element 2 by above-mentioned insulation fixed frame 26, make PTC electric heating element 2 of the present invention to be applicable to hyperbaric environment, security performance is high.
Present invention also offers a kind of electric heater unit, described electric heater unit comprises housing 1 and several PTC electric heating element 2, described housing 1 is formed with several thermal trough 160, for holding medium and for the torus 12 of medium circulation, and the outlet 14 be directed to by medium outside described torus for the import 13 that is supplied to by medium in described torus and being used for that is communicated with torus, described torus 12 seals setting relative to described thermal trough 160; Described PTC electric heating element 2 is PTC electric heating element 2 as above, and in the present embodiment, described thermal trough 160 is dovetail groove, and its two sides are inclined-plane, and described PTC electric heating element 2 to be arranged in described dovetail groove 160 and suitable with described dovetail groove 160.Described PTC electric heating element 2 is embedded in thermal trough 160, by the heat conduction of generation to thermal trough 160.Thermal trough 160 not only plays effect medium and PTC electric heating element 160 kept apart, and also plays the effect of heat conduction simultaneously, and therefore thermal trough 160 adopts the metal with good heat conductive performance to make, and is preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy in the present embodiment.Thermal trough 160 has in trapezoidal cross section, can meet demoulding needs, is convenient to again install PTC electric heating element 2 and form good contact with PTC electric heating element 2.
The installation of the PTC electric heating element 2 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and use procedure, insulation fixed frame 26 is placed on the contact electrode 24 of the first electrode assemblie, then PTC element 27 is positioned over respectively in the fixed cell 260 of insulation fixed frame 26, and then the second electrode assemblie is placed in the opposite side of insulation fixed frame 26, and heat conduction casting glue is filled by the edge between two electrode assemblies, then by the lateral surface of coated for insulating heat-conductive film 23 two fixed electrodes 22 and bottom surface, again at the coated synovial membrane 24 of the outer surface of insulating heat-conductive film 23, form PTC electric heating element 2.Above-mentioned mounted PTC electric heating element 2 is embedded in thermal trough 160, during use, medium is passed into from the import 13 of housing, and switch on power, PTC element 27 starts heating, heat is passed to medium by battery lead plate 23, insulating barrier 23, thermal trough 160, and medium flows out from the outlet 14 of housing 1, takes away heat for the heating in car, defrosting, demist etc.
As from the foregoing, first, the fixed electrode of the electrode assemblie of the PTC electric heating element of the electric heater unit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is trapezoidal electrode, described thermal trough is dovetail groove, and its two sides are inclined-plane, and described PTC electric heating element to be arranged in described dovetail groove and suitable with described dovetail groove; Described PTC electric heating element is made not need can firmly be installed in thermal trough by fixture (pressure elements), the heat that PTC electric heating element produces all directly can be delivered to the medium in torus by thermal trough, thermal loss is less, and can effectively save PTC electric heating element installing space, alleviate quality; Make to adopt the heat efficiency of the electric heater unit of this PTC electric heating element to be effectively improved, can preferably for being electric motor car heating, defrosting, demist and need the parts of thermal source to heat for other.
Secondly, the electrode assemblie of the PTC electric heating element of the electric heater unit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention also comprises contact electrode, between fixed electrode and PTC element, contact resistance is set, for the PTC element of rigidity directly contacts with fixed electrode, contact resistance can be reduced; And do not affect interface heat transfer, the heat making PTC element produce conducts to fixed electrode fully; And ensure that PTC element can use safely for a long time in high-pressure system.
Again, the PTC electric heating element of the preferred embodiment of the present invention also comprises synovial membrane, adopts synovial membrane to be coated on the outer surface of insulating heat-conductive film, and then embedded in thermal trough by PTC electric heating element, can effectively protect insulating heat-conductive film not to be damaged.
In addition, the PTC electric heating element of the electric heater unit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention forms several fixed cell by arranging insulation fixed frame, several PTC element is individually fixed in described several fixed cell, this several PTC element can be made to be fixed preferably, and separated by several fixed cell between this several PTC element, influence each other when can reduce PTC element manipulation, the heating properties of PTC element is fully played, heating power is effectively promoted, make to adopt the heat efficiency of the electric heater unit of this PTC electric heating element to be effectively improved, can preferably for being electric motor car heating, defrosting, demist and need the parts of thermal source to heat for other.In addition, because described insulation fixed frame adopts high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant material to be made, add the withstand voltage properties between electrode assemblie, the phenomenon of the arcing electric discharge between two electrode assemblies can be reduced, avoid PTC element due to arcing electric discharge breakdown, make PTC electric heating element of the present invention to be applicable to hyperbaric environment, security performance is high, ensures that PTC heating component can use safely for a long time in high-pressure system (electric motor car).
Be understandable that, the PTC electric heating element of electric heater unit of the present invention is PTC electric heating element unlike the prior art, and its housing then can adopt the structure of the housing similar to the housing of existing electric heater unit.But the import of the housing of the electric calorifie installation that background technology (CN100567843C) is mentioned and outlet are arranged on the opposite end place of housing along its length, the length of the torus that divider walls housing is formed is the length of housing, also be arrange along the length direction of housing for keeping the recess of PTC electric heating element, described medium is by flowing around described recess in both sides during torus, medium flows through torus from the import of housing side and flows out from the outlet of opposite side, the circulation path of medium in torus is straight line path, circulation path is short, the time absorbing the heat of PTC electric heating element is also shorter, medium can not absorb heat preferably, cause the heat efficiency of electric calorifie installation lower.Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to improve the heat efficiency of electric heater unit further, of the present invention another mainly improves and is that the structure of housing 1 is different from the structure of the housing mentioned in background technology, make the circulation path of medium in torus 12 be different from the circulation path of torus of the prior art, circulation path is longer.
Further, consult Fig. 1, Fig. 7-9, described housing 1 comprise the first housing 15, the second housing 16 be installed on the first housing 15.Described first housing 15 is the hollow cuboid of end face opening, employing isolation material is made, four sidewalls comprising base plate 150 and arrange around described base plate 150, and containing cavity 155 is formed in the first housing 15, described four sidewalls orthogonal or be approximately perpendicular to described base plate 150 and arrange, described four sidewalls comprise the first side wall 151, second sidewall 152, 3rd sidewall 153 and the 4th sidewall 154, wherein, described the first side wall 151 and the second sidewall 152 are two sidewalls be oppositely arranged along the length direction of the first housing 15, 3rd sidewall 153 and the 4th sidewall 154 are two sidewalls be oppositely arranged along the Width of the first housing 15.Described first housing 15 is also provided with the import 13 for being supplied to by medium in housing and is used for the outlet 14 that is directed to by medium outside described housing, be understandable that, in order to make the circulation Distance geometry time of medium longer, described import 13 and outlet 14 should to be arranged on the first housing 15 two positions relatively far away, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, the two ends of described second sidewall 152 are located in described import 13 and outlet 14; Be understandable that, in other embodiments of the invention, described import 13 and outlet 14 also can be located at the two ends of the first side wall 151, or import 13 is arranged on the 3rd sidewall 153 and the 4th sidewall 154 (consulting Fig. 1) respectively with outlet 14.
Described second housing 16 is installed on the first housing 15, second housing 16 comprises roughly in flat connecting wall 161, the partition wall 162 recessed in the containing cavity 155 of the first housing 15 by connecting wall 161, and to be separated to form by partition wall 162 and to be connected to the several thermal troughs 160 on described connecting wall 161, described thermal trough 160 is for installing PTC electric heating element 2, as mentioned above, described thermal trough 160 is dovetail groove, its at least one side is inclined-plane, in the present embodiment, its two sides are inclined-plane, described PTC electric heating element 2 to be arranged in described dovetail groove 160 and suitable with described dovetail groove 160.Thermal trough 160 not only plays effect medium and PTC electric heating element kept apart, and also play the effect of heat conduction, therefore thermal trough 160 is made up of the material with good heat conductive performance simultaneously, as metal, is preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy in the present embodiment.The openend of described thermal trough 160 is connected with described connecting wall 161, and thermal trough 160 extend in the containing cavity 155 of described first housing 15.As shown in Figure 1, described several thermal trough 160 is separated to form by partition wall 162, and described several thermal trough 160 jointly composition is used for the heating chamber 11 of heat medium.Described connecting wall 161, partition wall 162 are preferably one-body molded, all adopt the material of good heat conductive performance to make, the thermal trough 160 that structure is reliable to be formed, heat conductivility is good.
Be understandable that, the containing cavity 155 of the first housing 15 is divided into the heating chamber 11 for placing PTC electric heating element and is used for holding medium and the torus 12 passed through for media flow by described partition wall 162.Consult Fig. 1, in the present invention, described torus 12 comprises several cycling element 120, and described several cycling element 120 is formed between partition wall 162 and the first housing 15, and is positioned at the below of connecting wall 161.Wherein, outermost cycling element 120 is formed between outermost thermal trough 160 and the first housing 15; Middle cycling element 120 is formed between adjacent two thermal troughs 160 and the first housing 15.Described thermal trough 160 is arranged for sealing relative to described cycling element 120, causes damage to avoid medium to PTC electric heating element 2.
In the present invention, be connected to make described several cycling element 120, the more important thing is, longer medium circulation path is made in order to be formed, the present invention is by making several thermal trough 160 respectively and be formed with passage 17(between the first side wall 151 of the first housing 15 or the second sidewall 152 and consult Fig. 9, the position of what the label of Fig. 9 marked is only passage 17, be understandable that, passage 17 is positioned at enclosure interior), several cycling element 120 is connected by described passage 17 and the torus 12 in forming curves path, medium flows through torus 12 at torus 12 in the mode of circulation after import 13 flows into, circulation path is than linear flow path path length, medium flows through with curved path at above-mentioned torus 12, and medium around thermal trough 160 at its ambient dynamic, effectively can absorb the heat that in thermal trough 160, PTC electric heating element 2 produces, the time absorbing heat is long, heat absorption efficiency is high.In the preferred case, described several thermal trough 160 comprises several first thermal trough 1601 and several second thermal trough 1602, described several first thermal trough 1601 and several second thermal trough 1602 are arranged alternately, wherein, first thermal trough 1601 is connected with the first side wall 151, and and be formed with passage 17 between the second sidewall 152, the second thermal trough 1602 is connected with the second sidewall 152, and and be formed with passage 17 between the first side wall 151; Described several cycling element 120 is made to be connected by described passage 17 and to form S type torus 12.Medium flows through S type torus 12 in the mode of circulation and then flows out from outlet 14 after import 13 flows into, and the S-shaped circulation path of S type torus 12 is circulation path the longest between import 13 and outlet 14; Thus, the electric heater unit of the present embodiment adopts the housing with S type torus 12, medium flows through in the mode of circulation at above-mentioned torus 12, circulation flow path path length, and medium at its ambient dynamic, effectively can absorb the heat that in thermal trough 160, PTC electric heating element 2 produces around thermal trough 160, and the time absorbing heat is long, heat absorption efficiency is high, makes to adopt the heat efficiency of the electric heater unit of this housing to be effectively improved.In the present embodiment, thermal trough 160 is nine, wherein, first thermal trough 1601 is five, and the second thermal trough 1602 is four, is understandable that, the magnitude setting of described first thermal trough, the second thermal trough can need to determine according to electric heater unit, to place the PTC electric heating element of suitable quantity.
In the present invention, preferably, described several thermal trough 160 is arranged in parallel relationship along the length direction of described second housing 16, namely thermal trough 160 is arranged along the Width of described second housing 16, owing to being formed with passage between thermal trough 160 and the first side wall or the second sidewall, thus its length is slightly less than the width of the second housing 16.The thermal trough 160 of this structure arrange rationally, magnitude setting is more, can better place PTC electric heating element 2, when described medium is by torus 12, flow in three sides (comprising both sides and bottom) of the both sides of described thermal trough 160 or thermal trough 160, more thermal trough 160 is set, medium can be made to obtain more heat, improve the heat efficiency of electric heater unit.Be understandable that, described thermal trough 160 also can be arranged along the Width of the second housing 16 in parallel relationship, correspondingly, described the first side wall and the second sidewall are two sidewalls be oppositely arranged along the first case width direction, it is pointed out that the shell structure form that can form the torus with longer circulation path (such as: curved path) all can be used for the present invention.But compare, described thermal trough 160 is arranged in parallel relationship along the length direction of described second housing 16, and arranging of thermal trough 160 is rational in infrastructure, be also more convenient for PTC electric heating element 2 is installed.
In the present invention, preferably, described second housing 16 is upwards extended flange 163, described flange 163 is placed on the first housing 15, and the upper end of described first housing 15 is provided with connector 156, the flange 163 of the second housing 16 is correspondingly provided with installing hole 166, described second housing 16 to be installed on the first housing 15 through installing hole 166 and to be connected with described first housing 15 by described connector 156, sealing ring 3 is provided with in the junction of described first housing 15 and the second housing 16, can not leak from the junction of the first housing 15 and the second housing 16 to make the medium entering the first housing 15.
In the present embodiment, several thermal troughs 160 on described second housing 16 stretch in the containing cavity 155 of described first housing 15, fixture block 157 is correspondingly provided with in described first housing 15, two adjacent fixture blocks 157 form the installation portion being used for fixing thermal trough 160, several thermal troughs 160 correspondence on described second housing 16 be placed in described installation portion, make the connection of described second housing 16 and the first housing 15 more reliable.In addition, in other preferred embodiment of the present invention, fixture block can also be provided with on described several thermal trough 160, the bottom surface being arranged at thermal trough 160 of described fixture block and at least one side of thermal trough 160, fixture block the width that width is less than thermal trough 160 is set.Correspondingly be provided with draw-in groove in described first housing 15, described draw-in groove is correspondingly formed at four sidewalls of described first housing 15, the inner side of base plate 150, and described fixture block is installed in described draw-in groove, to be fixed in containing cavity 155 by described thermal trough 160.And the base plate 150 of the fixture block on thermal trough 160 and the first housing 15, draw-in groove on the first side wall 151 or the second sidewall 152 is connected, wherein, fixture block on first thermal trough 1601 and the first side wall 151, draw-in groove on base plate 150 is connected, the junction gapless of described fixture block and described draw-in groove, only between described first thermal trough 1601 and the second sidewall 152, be formed with passage, similarly, described second thermal trough 1602 only and between the first side wall 151 is formed with passage 17, several cycling element 120 is connected by described passage 17, thus when medium is flowed in torus 12, flowed by the passage 17 between thermal trough 160 and the first side wall 151 or the second sidewall 152, order flows in the both sides of several thermal trough 160 or three sides (comprising portion bottom surface) successively along several cycling element 120, circulation path is longer, and medium around thermal trough 160 at its ambient dynamic, effectively can absorb the heat that in thermal trough 160, PTC electric heating element produces.
In the present embodiment, the size of described PTC electric heating element 2 corresponds to the size of each thermal trough 160, a PTC electric heating element 2 is embedded with in each thermal trough 160, be understandable that, when the Width of described several thermal trough 160 along housing is arranged in parallel relationship, now the length of thermal trough 160 is longer, and need the PTC electric heating element installing more than two or two in thermal trough 160, described PTC electric heating element adopts PTC electric heating element of the present invention.
Introduce installation and the use procedure of electric heater unit of the present invention below, PTC electric heating element 2 is embedded in thermal trough 160 by fixture, and then the second housing 16 is installed to the opening part of the first housing 15 and sealed open, several thermal trough 160 is inserted in the containing cavity 155 of the first housing 15, form torus 12, during use, medium is passed into from the import 13 of the first housing 15, and PTC electric heating element 2 is switched on power, PTC element 27 starts heating, heat is by contact electrode 21, fixed electrode 22, insulating barrier 23, synovial membrane 24, thermal trough 160 is passed to medium, in torus 12, obtain the medium after heating flow out from the outlet 14 of the first housing 15, heat is taken away for the heating in car, defrosting, demist etc.
The present invention also provides a kind of electric motor car, comprise air conditioning and heating system, described air conditioning and heating system comprises electric heater unit provided by the present invention, and the heat exchanger to be connected with electric heater unit, medium flows through electric heater unit and carries out heat collection, the medium absorbed after heat enters heat exchanger, by heat exchanger, thermal release is carried out heating in car, defrosting, demist.
As from the foregoing, the housing of the electric heater unit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the first housing, the second housing be installed in the first housing, heating chamber comprises the several thermal troughs formed by the divider walls of the second housing, and torus comprises the several cycling elements be formed between partition wall and the first housing; Several thermal trough is formed with passage respectively and between the first side wall of the first housing or the second sidewall, several cycling element is connected by described passage the torus (being preferably formed S type torus) in forming curves path, medium flows through in the mode of circulation at above-mentioned torus, circulation path is longer, contact area is large, and medium around thermal trough at its ambient dynamic, effectively can absorb the heat that in thermal trough, PTC electric heating element produces, the time absorbing heat is long, heat absorption efficiency is high, improves the heat efficiency of electric heater unit further.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. a PTC electric heating element, is characterized in that, described PTC electric heating element comprises PTC heating component, is located at first, second electrode assemblie of PTC heating component both sides, and is located at the insulating barrier outside first, second electrode assemblie; First, second electrode assemblie described comprises fixed electrode, the fixed electrode of described first electrode assemblie and/or the second electrode assemblie is trapezoidal electrode, described trapezoidal electrode is vertical plane towards the medial surface of PTC heating component, lateral surface towards insulating barrier is inclined-plane, first, second electrode assemblie described also comprises contact electrode, described contact electrode contacts with PTC heating component, described fixed electrode is between contact electrode and insulating barrier, and described contact electrode adopts the conductive heat conducting material with elasticity of compression deformation to make.
2. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first electrode assemblie is identical with the second electrode assemblie, and the fixed electrode of the first electrode assemblie and the second electrode assemblie is trapezoidal electrode.
3. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described contact electrode adopts the one in conducting high polymers thing, tin and alloy, copper and alloy thereof, electrically conductive graphite to make; Described fixed electrode adopts aluminium, gold or stainless steel to make.
4. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described insulating barrier is insulating heat-conductive film, and described insulating heat-conductive film is coated on lateral surface and the bottom surface of first, second electrode assemblie described.
5. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described insulating heat-conductive film is adopt a kind of rete made in organic silicon rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
6. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described PTC electric heating element also comprises synovial membrane, and described synovial membrane is coated on the outer surface of insulating heat-conductive film.
7. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described synovial membrane is polyimide film or copper foil membrane.
8. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the lateral area of described battery lead plate is greater than the lateral area of PTC heating component, and extends to form extension; Heat conduction embedding blob of viscose is filled with between the extension of described two battery lead plates; Described heat conduction embedding blob of viscose adopts the one in organic silicon potting adhesive, polyurethane pouring sealant, epoxy resin embedding adhesive to make.
9. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described PTC heating component comprises insulation fixed frame and several PTC element, and described insulation fixed frame is formed with several fixed cell, and described several PTC element is individually fixed in described several fixed cell.
10. PTC electric heating element as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, described insulation fixed frame employing conductive coefficient is that the organic polymer of 0.02W/ (mK) ~ 5.0W/ (mK) is made; Insulation fixed frame comprises several first dividers and several second dividers, and several the first divider parallel interval described are arranged, and several the second divider parallel interval described are arranged, and described first divider and described second divider square crossing are arranged; Described several fixed cell is separated to form by several first dividers described and several second dividers.
11. PTC electric heating elements as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, are separated between two adjacent PTC elements by described first divider or the second divider.
12. PTC electric heating elements as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, several first dividers described are arranged along the Width of PTC element, the spacing between two adjacent the first dividers equals the width of PTC element; Several second dividers described are arranged along the length direction of PTC element, and the spacing between two adjacent the second dividers equals the length of PTC element; The thickness of several first dividers described and/or several the second dividers equals the thickness of PTC element.
13. 1 kinds of electric heater units, comprise housing and several PTC electric heating element, described housing be formed several thermal trough, for hold medium and for medium circulation torus and is communicated with torus for medium being supplied to the import in described torus and being used for the outlet that is directed to by medium outside described torus, described torus is relative to described thermal trough sealing setting; It is characterized in that, described PTC electric heating element is the PTC electric heating element as described in claim 1-12 any one, described thermal trough is dovetail groove, and its at least one side is inclined-plane, and described PTC electric heating element to be arranged in described dovetail groove and suitable with described dovetail groove.
14. electric heater units as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, the two sides of described thermal trough are inclined-plane; The lateral surface of described fixed electrode and the side of described thermal trough suitable.
15. electric heater units as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described housing comprises the first housing, the second housing be installed on the first housing, described second housing arranges described several thermal trough, described several thermal trough extend in described first housing, form torus between described several thermal trough and the first housing, described import and outlet are located on the first housing.
16. electric heater units as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described second housing comprises connecting wall and partition wall, and described divider walls forms described several thermal trough, and the openend of described several thermal trough is connected with described connecting wall; Described torus comprises several cycling element, and described several cycling element is formed between partition wall and the first housing; Described first housing comprises the first side wall and the second sidewall, and described several thermal trough is formed with passage respectively and between described the first side wall or the second sidewall, and described several cycling element is connected by described passage.
17. electric heater units as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, described several thermal trough comprises several first thermal trough and several second thermal trough, described several first thermal trough and several second thermal trough are arranged alternately, wherein, the first thermal trough is connected with the first side wall, and and be formed with passage between the second sidewall, second thermal trough is connected with the second sidewall, and and is formed with passage between the first side wall.
18. 1 kinds of electric motor cars, comprise air conditioning and heating system, it is characterized in that, described air conditioning and heating system comprises the electric heater unit as described in claim 13-17 any one.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210215420.2A CN103517468B (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | PTC electrical heating element, electric heater unit and electric car |
| PCT/CN2013/078193 WO2014000666A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | Ptc electric heating assembly, electric heating device and electric vehicle |
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| CN201210215420.2A CN103517468B (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | PTC electrical heating element, electric heater unit and electric car |
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| CN103517468B true CN103517468B (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101844882B1 (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-04-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Heating module and Heat assembly having the same |
| EP3290820A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-07 | Mahle International GmbH | Electric heating device |
| EP3290819B1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2023-03-15 | Mahle International GmbH | Electric heating device |
| EP3290821A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-07 | Mahle International GmbH | Electric heating device |
| CN108337747B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2021-04-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Heating device |
| CN108439983B (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2020-11-06 | 三峡大学 | Forming method of graphite ceramic composite pipe |
| CN108471648A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-08-31 | 上海奉天电子股份有限公司 | A kind of heating element for PTC electric calorifie installations |
| CN108962518A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-07 | 北京枫山科技有限公司 | A kind of PTC thermistor element |
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