CN103508812A - Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare oyster mushroom cultivation material - Google Patents
Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare oyster mushroom cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103508812A CN103508812A CN201310485025.0A CN201310485025A CN103508812A CN 103508812 A CN103508812 A CN 103508812A CN 201310485025 A CN201310485025 A CN 201310485025A CN 103508812 A CN103508812 A CN 103508812A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oyster mushroom cultivation material. The cultivation material is characterized by using hickory branch chips, nutshell chips and husk chips as main raw materials, and using mushroom dreg, bran, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like as auxiliaries, wherein the water content is 63-65%. The invention further discloses a manufacturing method of the cultivation material. The manufacturing method and the cultivation material have the following advantages: 1, the hickory branch chips, the nutshell chips and the husk chips are insolated by sunshine, secondarily fermented or piled up to be aged, so that the toxic bacteriostats are degraded, and the macromolecular substances such as lignin and cellulose are decomposed to simple substances which are beneficial to absorb by oyster mushroom hypha, and the growth of the oyster mushroom hypha can be promoted; 2, the cultivation material proportion is reasonable, the bacterial material is good in breathability, the water-retaining property is strong, the effective mushroom quantity is large, the yield is high, and the biological efficiency is up to 130.3-142.6%; 3, the preparation method provides a solution for innocent treatment of hickory branch, nutshell and husk, and provides a new substrate for cultivating the oyster mushroom.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory, is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 year, is mainly distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of two provinces boundaries, Zhe, Anhui, is located in 29 °-31 ° of north latitude, 118 °-120 ° of east longitudes, total cultivated area approximately 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, more than 20,000 tons of annual production.
In Semen Caryae Cathayensis production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch producing after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune every year the branch enormous amount falling, yet these branches is not reasonably utilized from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell (being formed by exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis of every output just has the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, some woods that shelled also (Semen Caryae Cathayensis Chan mountain area after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and not and the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption also all too is limited, and therefore a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; The 3rd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer forms.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell producing is concentrated in a large number, the most of enterprise of these shells processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell drying contains xylogen approximately 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin approximately 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 11%.These components, can grow essential carbon source is provided for edible fungi growth above.But because this three classes waste also contains the materials such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, so wish utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell culturing edible fungus, and key is to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Flat mushroom is the saprophytic mushroom of a kind of wood, has very strong decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability.Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating white mushrooms of shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material compatibility that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 17%-23%, shell bits 35%-45%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put and outdoorly naturally stack (windrow place should in the middle of slightly high, surrounding slightly Di，Bing You ditch, not ponding), the high 1.5m-2m of stockpile, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.The watering of windrow Shi，Ying Bian Dui limit, makes material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in turning in every 2 months, and time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Pu shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put and outdoorly naturally stack (windrow place should in the middle of slightly high, surrounding slightly Di，Bing You ditch, not ponding), the high 2m-3m of stockpile, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.The watering of windrow Shi，Ying Bian Dui limit, makes material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in every 20d turning, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bacterium slag: for Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom fruiting finish rear remaining tankage, dry after bacterium slag (removing the bacterium slag of living contaminants) is pulverized.At present, Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom mostly are batch production and produce, the damp mushroom of the 1-2 that generally only gathers in production, thereby in bacterium slag, still contain a large amount of Mierocrystalline celluloses, hemicellulose, xylogen, fat, amino acid, mineral substance and mycelium (including the residual body protein of abundant mycelia) and mycelial meta-bolites.
Wheat bran: wheat is separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.Wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient are provided.
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, when turning for the third time, add the auxiliary materials such as bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, and planting material is after heat radiation, furrow, sowing be can directly spread, bacterium, management of producing mushroom sent out routinely.
It is main raw material that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, makes Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material.Its advantage is: the one, and Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both the poisonous bacteriostatics of having degraded, make again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into and be conducive to the simple material that hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus absorbs, promoted the growth of hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus; The 2nd, planting material reasonable ratio, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and effectively mushroom quantity is many, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 130.3%-142.6%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell provides a terms of settlement, also for mushroom cultivation has found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 17%, shell bits 45%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when turning for the third time, turning number of times totally 4 times, time remaining 6d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 65%.
Planting material, after heat radiation, directly spreads furrow, sowing, sends out routinely bacterium, management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of flat mushroom reaches 142.6%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 20%, shell bits 40%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of flat mushroom reaches 135.5%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 23%, shell bits 35%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of flat mushroom reaches 130.3%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on flat mushroom biological efficiency
Unit: %
| Mode | Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits | Pu shell bits | Shell bits | Bacterium slag | Wheat bran | Calcium superphosphate | Terra alba | Biological efficiency |
| 1 | 8 | 17 | 45 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 142.6 |
| 2 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 135.5 |
| 3 | 12 | 23 | 35 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 130.3 |
Claims (9)
1. a Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material, is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 17%-23%, shell bits 35%-45%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch falling in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Pu shell bits are for Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, must be through natural packing fermentation, the watering of windrow Shi，Ying Bian Dui limit, makes material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (bits grain water content reaches capacity), Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered turning in every two months to be worth doing once, composting time remaining 1 year, and Pu shell is considered every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collect standby.
5. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is then deposited in air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is standby.
6. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described bacterium slag is that Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom fruiting finish rear remaining tankage, dries standby after bacterium slag (removing the bacterium slag of living contaminants) is pulverized.
7. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is by wheat separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.
8. a making method for the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material described in claim 1-7, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when turning for the third time, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%.
9. utilize the making method of the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material described in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that planting material, after heat radiation, can directly spread furrow, sowing, send out routinely bacterium, management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104429624A (en) * | 2015-01-03 | 2015-03-25 | 邬方成 | Oyster mushroom cultivation method |
| CN104488564A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Grifola frondosa cultivation method |
| CN104488563A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Culture method of pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN104488567A (en) * | 2015-01-18 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Pleurotus cornucopiae cultivation method |
| CN104488562A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Culture method for pleurotus eryngii |
| CN104521571A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-04-22 | 邬金飞 | Coprinus comatus cultivation method |
| CN104541992A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom culture method |
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| CN104584873A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus eryngii cultivating method |
| CN104641942A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-05-27 | 象州县科学技术局 | Method for cultivating oyster mushroom on mulberry twigs |
| CN104737786A (en) * | 2015-03-14 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method for grifola frondosa |
| CN104737785A (en) * | 2015-03-14 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method for grifola frondosa |
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| CN104737810A (en) * | 2015-03-21 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus eryngii cultivation method |
| CN104737813A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金飞 | Agrocybe cylindracea cultivation method |
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| CN104756764A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-08 | 刘坤树 | Oyster mushroom vertical earthing cultivation method |
| CN104770202A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method of pleurotus cornucopiae |
| CN106187417A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 自贡市华尔美科技有限公司 | A kind of Mushroom cultivation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106305137A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 山东福禾菌业科技有限公司 | Process for producing pink oyster mushrooms by utilizing fungi residues |
| CN107162662A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Elegant precious mushroom plastic bag cultivation culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104756764A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-08 | 刘坤树 | Oyster mushroom vertical earthing cultivation method |
| CN106187417A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 自贡市华尔美科技有限公司 | A kind of Mushroom cultivation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106305137A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 山东福禾菌业科技有限公司 | Process for producing pink oyster mushrooms by utilizing fungi residues |
| CN107162662A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Elegant precious mushroom plastic bag cultivation culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN110313347A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-10-11 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | Oyster mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof containing walnut beta pruning sawdust |
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