CN103501033B - Based on battery balanced control method and the system of maximum average isostatic electric current - Google Patents
Based on battery balanced control method and the system of maximum average isostatic electric current Download PDFInfo
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- CN103501033B CN103501033B CN201310475414.5A CN201310475414A CN103501033B CN 103501033 B CN103501033 B CN 103501033B CN 201310475414 A CN201310475414 A CN 201310475414A CN 103501033 B CN103501033 B CN 103501033B
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of battery balanced control method based on maximum average isostatic electric current and system, wherein system comprises: battery pack; Testing circuit, detects the magnitude of voltage of each cell in real time; Equalizing circuit, is connected with battery pack, comprises the power switch pipe corresponding with cell and inductance, and the inductance value of each inductance is not identical; Balancing control circuit, for comparing the magnitude of voltage of each cell, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery exceeding pre-set threshold value, regulating the frequency of the power switch pipe corresponding with cell respectively, controlling the euqalizing current of each cell; When the voltage of each cell in battery pack reaches unanimity, stop Balance route.The present invention passes through theory deduction in advance, optimized circuit parameter, makes the cell being in diverse location have the ability to reach identical maximum average isostatic electric current, regulates euqalizing current size by frequency modulation, make all cells almost be tending towards balanced simultaneously, improve equalization efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to battery equalization control, in particular to a battery equalization control method and system based on maximum average equalization current.
Background
The lithium battery has the advantages of large capacity, non-memory property, high working voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge rate, no pollution and the like, and is more and more widely applied in the field of electric automobiles. Since a single battery has a low operating voltage, multiple batteries are usually connected in series to meet the voltage requirement. Due to the fact that inconsistency exists among the single batteries, the inconsistency of the battery pack gradually increases along with the increase of the charging and discharging times. The inconsistency of the battery pack will directly result in shortened battery pack life and increased insecurity. Therefore, it is necessary to perform equalization control on the series-connected battery packs.
At present, two methods for balancing lithium batteries of electric automobiles are available: active equalization and passive equalization. The passive balance consumes the energy of the battery monomer with high energy in the form of heat through the parallel resistors; while active equalization transfers energy from higher energy monomers to lower energy monomers by means of energy transfer. The passive equalization control strategy is simple, the cost is low, the main problems are heat management and energy waste, and therefore, the active equalization with high energy utilization rate becomes the development direction of the equalization of the battery management system. The active equalization is divided into: a centralized control type and a distributed control type. In the prior art, a centralized control type is adopted, all battery monomers share one equalizer, energy can be transferred to one battery at a certain time, the equalizing speed is low, and the battery equalizing device is not easy to control due to the fact that a plurality of switches are needed. Each battery in the distributed control type corresponds to one DC/DC converter, all single batteries can be simultaneously started for balancing, and the balancing speed is high compared with the balancing speed of the centralized control type. However, in the existing equalization circuit, the parameters of the DC/DC converters are completely the same, and the maximum average equalization current of each single battery is different due to different battery positions, so the equalization speed of the whole battery pack is not optimal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a battery equalization control method and system based on maximum average equalization current, which have high equalization speed and high energy utilization rate, aiming at the defects of low equalization speed and low energy utilization rate caused by different maximum average equalization currents of battery packs in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the battery equalization control system based on the maximum average equalization current comprises the following components:
the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries connected in series;
the detection circuit is connected with the battery pack and is used for detecting the voltage value of each single battery in real time;
the balancing circuit is connected with the battery pack and used for energy transfer among the single batteries, and comprises a power switch tube and inductors corresponding to the single batteries, wherein the inductance values of the inductors are different, so that the single batteries at different positions can reach the same maximum average balancing current, and the balancing speed is improved;
the balance control circuit is connected with the detection circuit and the balance circuit and used for comparing the voltage values of the single batteries, respectively adjusting the frequency of the power switch tube corresponding to the single batteries when the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value, and controlling the balance current of each single battery to enable the voltages of all the single batteries to tend to be consistent; when the voltages of the individual cells in the battery pack tend to be uniform, the equalization control is stopped.
In the system, the balance control circuit comprises a microprocessor and a driving circuit, the microprocessor is connected with the detection circuit, the driving circuit is connected with a power switch tube of the balance circuit, and the driving circuit isolates, amplifies and filters a driving pulse signal sent by the microprocessor circuit and sends the driving pulse signal to the balance circuit so as to control the power switch tube to be switched on and off.
In the system, the balance control circuit also comprises an FPGA module which is connected between the microprocessor and the drive circuit, and the microprocessor sends a drive pulse signal to the drive circuit through the FPGA module.
In the system, the system comprises a plurality of battery packs, the battery packs are connected in series, if a plurality of battery packs exist, the single batteries in each battery pack are respectively subjected to balance adjustment, the voltage of each single battery is controlled to be consistent, and the battery packs are subjected to balance adjustment simultaneously.
In the system, each inductor in the balancing circuit corresponds to one single battery, the relationship between the inductance values of the inductors is preset, and the inductance values are specifically deduced according to the same average balancing current which can be achieved by each single battery.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the equalization control method based on the average equalization current rapid equalization comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the voltage values of the single batteries in the battery pack in real time, and connecting the single batteries in series;
s2, comparing the voltage values of the single batteries, and when the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value, respectively adjusting the frequency of the power switch tube corresponding to the single batteries to control the voltages of the single batteries to be consistent;
and S3, stopping the balance control when the voltages of the single batteries in the battery pack tend to be consistent.
In the method of the present invention, in step S2, if the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value in the battery pack is larger, the frequency of the power switch tube for controlling the single battery is lower; if the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value is smaller, the frequency of the power switch tube of the single battery is controlled to be higher, so that the voltages of all the single batteries almost simultaneously tend to be consistent, and the balancing efficiency is improved.
In the method, if a plurality of battery packs exist, the single batteries in each battery pack are respectively subjected to balance adjustment, the voltages of the single batteries are controlled to be consistent, and the plurality of battery packs are subjected to balance adjustment simultaneously.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, by comparing the voltage values of the single batteries, when the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value, the frequency of the power switch tube corresponding to the single batteries is respectively adjusted, and the balance current of each single battery is controlled, so that the voltages of all the single batteries almost simultaneously tend to be consistent. The invention can optimize the circuit parameters through theoretical derivation in advance, so that the single batteries at different positions can reach the same maximum average equalizing current, thereby improving the equalizing speed.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery equalization control system based on a maximum average equalization current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalizing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a first schematic diagram illustrating a balanced current flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow of equalization current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an equalizing control method based on average equalizing current fast equalization according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a control block diagram of an equalization control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery equalization control system based on the maximum average equalization current according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a battery pack 10, a detection circuit 20, an equalization circuit 30, and an equalization control circuit 40. The battery pack 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes four lithium batteries connected in series as an example. The conception of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: four series-connected lithium batteries are used as a battery pack, a distributed control type DC/DC converter is used as an equalizing circuit of the lithium battery pack, and circuit parameters are optimized through theoretical derivation. The voltage of each single battery is detected through the detection circuit, the detection signal is transmitted to the balance control circuit, the balance control circuit sends out corresponding driving pulse through a certain control algorithm, and the switching-on or switching-off of the switching tube is controlled, so that the balance among the lithium batteries is realized.
In the embodiment of the invention:
a battery pack 10 including a plurality of unit cells connected in series; as shown in fig. 2, the battery pack 10 includes a plurality of unit batteries B1, B2, B3, and B4 connected in series;
the detection circuit 20 is connected with the battery pack 10 and used for detecting the voltage value of each single battery in real time with high precision;
the equalizing circuit 30 is connected with the battery pack 10 and used for energy transfer among the single batteries, and comprises power switch tubes and inductors corresponding to the single batteries, wherein the inductance values of the inductors are different, so that the single batteries at different positions can reach the same maximum average equalizing current; as shown in fig. 2, the power switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, the inductors L1, L2, L3 and L4 corresponding to the single batteries are included; the ratio of the number of the single batteries of the battery pack to the number of the required power switching tubes and energy storage inductors is 1:1: 1. To prevent inductive hysteresis saturation, the DC/DC converter (i.e., the equalizing circuit 30) operates in discontinuous current mode.
As shown in fig. 3A and 3B, when the switching tube Q1 is turned on, B1, Q1 and L1 form a closed loop, and part of energy in the battery B1 is stored in the inductor L1; when the switch tube is turned off, the L1, B2, B3, B4 and D1 form a closed loop, and the energy in the inductor L1 is transferred to the batteries B2, B3 and B4. Similarly, the energy of battery B2 may be transferred to battery B1, the energy of battery B3 may be transferred to B1 and B2, and the energy of battery B4 may be transferred to B1, B2 and B3. Therefore, energy transfer among lithium batteries is realized, and balance is finally realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, each inductor in the equalizing circuit 30 corresponds to one battery cell, and the relationship between the inductance values of the inductors is preset and specifically derived according to the same average equalizing current that can be achieved by each battery cell. The inductance of the inductor in the equalizing circuit 30 can be derived by theory in advance, so that the equalizing circuit 30 comprises n inductors LnFor example, the inductor current expression is as follows:
wherein,indicating the inductance L when the switch tube is onnThe voltage across; voffIndicating the inductance L when the switching tube is switched offnThe voltage across; t iscrIndicating the moment in time during a cycle when the inductor current drops to zero. When the switch tube is switched on, the average current of the inductor is recorded as In，on(ii) a When the switch tube is turned off, the average current of the inductor is recorded as In，off(ii) a The average value of the inductive current in one period is recorded as In，avg。
Assuming average equalizing current In，arg=3A, duty cycle D =0.37, fn=10kHz, N =4, the values of the four inductances are then calculated as follows:
the balance control circuit 40 is connected with the detection circuit 20 and the balance circuit 30 and is used for comparing the voltage values of the single batteries, respectively adjusting the frequency of the power switch tube corresponding to the single batteries when the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value, and controlling the balance current of each single battery so that the voltages of all the single batteries almost simultaneously tend to be consistent; when the voltages of the individual cells in the battery pack tend to be uniform, the equalization control is stopped.
The equalization control circuit comprises a microprocessor 41 (MCU) and a driving circuit 42, the microprocessor 41 is connected with the detection circuit 20, the driving circuit 42 is connected with a power switch tube of the equalization circuit, and the driving circuit isolates, amplifies and filters a driving pulse signal sent by the microprocessor circuit and sends the driving pulse signal to the equalization circuit 30 to control the power switch tube to be switched on and off so as to achieve equalization.
In the embodiment of the invention, when a large number of series-connected battery packs need to be subjected to balance control, hundreds of drive circuits need to be sent with control signals, so that the balance control of the large number of series-connected battery packs is realized. In another embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing the advantages of multiple FPGA output interfaces and high operation speed, an FPGA module is added in the equalization control circuit 40 and connected between the microprocessor 41 and the driving circuit 42, and the microprocessor 41 sends a driving pulse signal to the driving circuit through the FPGA module. The MCU is responsible for AD conversion, simple calculation and communication with the FPGA; the FPGA receives data from the MCU and sends out corresponding driving pulses. In a battery pack balancing system formed by connecting a large number of lithium batteries in series, the same number of driving pulses can be sent out through an FPGA module, but a system controlled by an MCU alone cannot be realized. In the embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor 41 sends a PFM (pulse frequency modulation) control signal to the driving circuit through the FPGA module. The frequency of the PFM control signal varies with the input signal amplitude, and the duty cycle is unchanged.
The control algorithm of the present invention is performed by the equalization control circuit 40, taking the circuit diagrams as shown in fig. 3A and 3B as an example, as shown in fig. 5, comparing the battery voltage based on the voltage information obtained from the detection circuit 20, and finding the minimum value. And calculating the voltage difference between each battery voltage and the minimum voltage, looking up a frequency table (see table 1 below, it can be understood that preset frequency tables are different for different equalization circuits) according to the voltage difference, obtaining corresponding frequency values, and sending out corresponding pulse signals. The control strategy of the microprocessor 41 (namely the singlechip part) can be compiled by C language, and is burnt into a controller memory or an on-chip FLASH by a JTAG interface; the FPGA part control strategy can be compiled by adopting a hardware description language Verilog, and is burnt into a controller memory or an on-chip FLASH through a JTAG interface.
TABLE 1 frequency table
| △V(v) | F(kHz) |
| 0.01～0.20 | 30 |
| 0.20～0.40 | 25 |
| 0.40～0.60 | 20 |
| 0.60～0.80 | 15 |
| >0.80 | 10 |
If the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value in the battery pack is larger, the lower the frequency of a power switch tube for controlling the single battery is; if the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value is smaller, the frequency of the power switch tube of the single battery is controlled to be higher, so that the voltages of all the single batteries almost simultaneously tend to be consistent, and the balancing efficiency is improved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, if the system includes a plurality of battery packs connected in series, the equalizing circuit 30 first adjusts the voltages of the single batteries in each battery pack, and performs voltage equalization for the plurality of battery packs. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each battery pack corresponds to an equalizing circuit, and the equalizing circuits are also connected between the plurality of battery packs for equalizing the voltages between the battery packs. It will be appreciated that when there are a plurality of equalization circuits, these equalization circuits may be integrated in one module.
The equalization control method based on the rapid equalization of the average equalization current is realized by the equalization control system, and as shown in fig. 4, the equalization control method comprises the following steps:
s401, detecting the voltage values of the single batteries in the battery pack in real time, and connecting the single batteries in series;
s402, comparing the voltage values of the single batteries;
s403, judging whether the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value;
s404, when the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value, respectively adjusting the frequency of a power switch tube corresponding to the single batteries, and controlling the balance current of each single battery to enable the voltages of all the single batteries to be almost consistent at the same time; when the voltages of the individual cells in the battery pack tend to be uniform, the equalization control is stopped.
In step S402, if the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value in the battery pack is larger, the frequency of the power switch tube of the single battery is controlled to be lower; if the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value is smaller, the frequency of the power switch tube of the single battery is controlled to be higher, so that the voltages of all the single batteries almost simultaneously tend to be consistent, and the balancing efficiency is improved.
If a plurality of battery packs exist, in the process of carrying out balance adjustment on the single batteries in each battery pack, the plurality of battery packs are also carried out with balance adjustment at the same time.
According to the battery equalization control method based on the average equalization current, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the voltage value of a single battery in the battery pack is detected in real time through the high-precision voltage detection circuit, the equalization adjustment is started when the difference between the voltage value of a certain battery and the lowest voltage value of the single battery exceeds the threshold value, and the control circuit adjusts the frequency of the corresponding power switch tube according to the voltage difference value, so that the single battery with larger difference value obtains larger average equalization current, all battery monomers in the battery pack can be almost simultaneously equalized, the equalization speed and efficiency are improved, the overcharge and overdischarge hazards caused by the inconsistency of the single batteries are prevented, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
The invention can realize that a large number of series battery packs quickly tend to be balanced simultaneously, and can be applied to occasions of quickly balancing the energy storage batteries of electric motorcycles, electric automobiles and hybrid electric automobiles.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A battery equalization control system based on a maximum average equalization current, comprising:
the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries connected in series;
the detection circuit is connected with the battery pack and is used for detecting the voltage value of each single battery in real time;
the equalizing circuit is connected with the battery pack and used for energy transfer among the single batteries, and comprises power switch tubes and inductors corresponding to the single batteries, wherein the inductance values of the inductors are different, so that the single batteries at different positions can reach the same maximum average equalizing current; each inductor in the balancing circuit corresponds to one single battery, the relationship among the inductance values of the inductors is preset, and the inductors are deduced according to the same average balancing current which can be achieved by each single battery so as to improve the balancing speed;
the balance control circuit is connected with the detection circuit and the balance circuit and used for comparing the voltage values of the single batteries, and when the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value, the frequency of the power switch tube corresponding to the single battery is respectively adjusted to control the balance current of each single battery; when the voltages of the individual cells in the battery pack tend to be uniform, the equalization control is stopped.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the equalization control circuit comprises a microprocessor and a driving circuit, the microprocessor is connected with the detection circuit, the driving circuit is connected with the power switch tube of the equalization circuit, and the driving circuit isolates, amplifies and filters a driving pulse signal sent by the microprocessor circuit and sends the driving pulse signal to the equalization circuit to control the power switch tube to be switched on and off.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the equalization control circuit further comprises an FPGA module coupled between the microprocessor and the driver circuit, the microprocessor sending the driving pulse signal to the driver circuit through the FPGA module.
4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the system comprises a plurality of battery packs, the battery packs are connected in series, if a plurality of battery packs exist, the single batteries in each battery pack are respectively subjected to balance adjustment, the voltages of the single batteries are controlled to be consistent, and the plurality of battery packs are subjected to balance adjustment simultaneously.
5. An equalization control method based on rapid equalization of average equalization current, which is realized by the equalization control system of any one of claims 1-4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, detecting the voltage values of the single batteries in the battery pack in real time, and connecting the single batteries in series;
s2, comparing the voltage values of the single batteries, and when the voltage difference of different single batteries exceeds a preset threshold value, respectively adjusting the frequency of the power switch tube corresponding to the single batteries to control the voltages of the single batteries to be consistent;
and S3, stopping the balance control when the voltages of the single batteries in the battery pack tend to be consistent.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S2, if the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value in the battery pack is larger, the frequency of the power switch tube of the single battery is controlled to be lower; if the difference between the voltage value of a single battery and the lowest voltage value is smaller, the frequency of the power switch tube of the single battery is controlled to be higher, so that the voltages of all the single batteries almost simultaneously tend to be consistent, and the balancing efficiency is improved.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein if there are a plurality of battery packs, the single batteries in each battery pack are respectively subjected to equalization adjustment, the voltages of the single batteries are controlled to be consistent, and the plurality of battery packs are simultaneously subjected to equalization adjustment.
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| CN104124480B (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2017-04-05 | 刘仲尧 | A kind of method and system of balance battery core voltage |
| CN104917224B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-05-15 | 华南理工大学 | The two-stage balancer and its control method of a kind of battery pack |
| CN105244554B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2019-07-05 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | It is a kind of to determine method with the matched euqalizing current value of electrokinetic cell system |
| CN106571649B (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2019-06-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of euqalizing current adjusting method and relevant apparatus |
| CN105576769B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-08-14 | 苏州碧欧新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of device carrying out independent-lifting voltage adjusting to series-connected cell monomer |
| CN106712168B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2023-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | Parallel battery pack bidirectional lossless equalization circuit based on inductance energy storage |
| CN107565633A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-01-09 | 上海汇瑞半导体科技有限公司 | A kind of euqalizing current control circuit, battery circuit and control method |
| CN109980306B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | Method for optimizing consistency of battery modules |
| CN110901472A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-03-24 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | Battery management system balancing capability matching method and device and computer equipment |
| CN111584958A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-25 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Hybrid battery system for vehicle and control method |
| CN111540965B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-10-08 | 上海采日能源科技有限公司 | Battery voltage balancing method and device and battery management system |
| CN112886666B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-11-29 | 重庆大学 | Distributed active equalization method suitable for cascaded lithium battery pack |
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| CN102157972A (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2011-08-17 | 上海恒动汽车电池有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery pack equilibrium system and equilibrium method thereof |
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| US20050077879A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-14 | Near Timothy Paul | Energy transfer device for series connected energy source and storage devices |
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| CN102157972A (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2011-08-17 | 上海恒动汽车电池有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery pack equilibrium system and equilibrium method thereof |
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