CN103501033A - Battery balance control method and system based on largest average balance current - Google Patents

Battery balance control method and system based on largest average balance current Download PDF

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CN103501033A
CN103501033A CN201310475414.5A CN201310475414A CN103501033A CN 103501033 A CN103501033 A CN 103501033A CN 201310475414 A CN201310475414 A CN 201310475414A CN 103501033 A CN103501033 A CN 103501033A
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cell
battery
voltage
battery pack
circuit
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CN103501033B (en
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朱国荣
马燕
徐小薇
何少佳
张东华
陈伟
邱实
刘芙蓉
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Polytechnic High Tech Institute (Gaoyou) Co.,Ltd.
Wuhan Institute Of Technology Industry Group Co ltd
Zhang Qingyong
Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a battery balance control method and a battery balance control system based on the largest average balance current. The system comprises a battery pack, a detection circuit, a balance circuit and a balance control circuit, wherein the detection circuit is used for detecting voltage of each battery in real time; the balance circuit is connected with the battery pack and comprises power switching tubes and inductors, wherein the power switching tubes and the inductors respectively correspond to each battery, and inductance values of the inductors are different; the balance control circuit is used for comparing the voltage of each battery, and when the voltage difference between different batteries exceeds a preset threshold, the frequency of the power switching tubes which respectively correspond to each batteries is respectively adjusted, so as to control the balance current of each battery; when the voltage of each battery in the battery pack is consistent, balance control is stopped. According to the method and the system, circuit parameters are optimized in advance through theoretical derivation, so that each battery in different positions has the capability of reaching the same largest average balance current, the balance current is adjusted by adjusting the frequency, so that all of the batteries are balanced at the same time, and the balance efficiency is improved.

Description

Battery balanced control method and system based on maximum average isostatic electric current
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery balanced control, relate in particular to a kind of battery balanced control method and system based on maximum average isostatic electric current.
Background technology
The advantages such as lithium battery has large, the non-memory property of capacity, operating voltage is high, energy density is high, self-discharge rate is low, pollution-free, in the electric automobile field, application is more and more extensive.Because the single battery operating voltage is low, in order to meet voltage requirements, usually the multiple batteries series connection is used.Owing to there being inconsistency between battery cell, and, along with the increase that discharges and recharges number of times, the inconsistency of battery pack increases gradually.The inconsistency of battery pack will directly cause the battery pack lost of life, insecurity to increase.Therefore, must carry out equilibrium to series battery controls.
At present, the electric automobile lithium battery equalization methods has two kinds: active equalization and passive equilibrium.Passive equilibrium is by parallel resistance, and by energy, the energy of high battery cell consumes with form of heat; And active equalization is transferred to energy more low-energy monomer from the monomer of higher-energy by the energy branch mode.Passive balanced control strategy is simple, and cost is low, and subject matter is thermal management and energy dissipation, and therefore, the active equalization that capacity usage ratio is high becomes the developing direction of battery management system equilibrium.Active equalization is divided into: centralized control type and decentralized control type.The centralized control of employing type is arranged in prior art, and all battery cells share an equalizer, and a certain moment can only be shifted energy to a battery, and balancing speed is slow, and required switch is many, wayward.The corresponding DC/DC converter of each battery in the decentralized control type, all cells can be opened equilibrium simultaneously, and centralized control type balancing speed is fast relatively.But, in current equalizing circuit, the parameter of DC/DC converter is identical, and the battery location difference will cause respectively saving the maximum average isostatic size of current difference of cell, and therefore the balancing speed of whole battery pack is not optimum.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that the maximum average isostatic electric current for battery pack in prior art is not identical and causes the defect that balancing speed is slow, capacity usage ratio is not high, a kind of balancing speed is fast, capacity usage ratio is high battery balanced control method and system based on maximum average isostatic electric current are provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of battery balanced control system based on maximum average isostatic electric current is provided, comprises:
Battery pack, comprise the cell of a plurality of series connection;
Testing circuit, be connected with battery pack, detects in real time the magnitude of voltage of each cell;
Equalizing circuit, with battery pack, be connected, for the energy between cell, shift, comprise the power switch pipe corresponding with cell and inductance, the inductance value of each inductance is not identical, make to have the ability to reach identical maximum average isostatic electric current in the cell of diverse location, to improve balancing speed;
Balancing control circuit, with testing circuit, with equalizing circuit, be connected, for comparing the magnitude of voltage of each cell, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value, regulate respectively the frequency of the power switch pipe corresponding with cell, control the euqalizing current of each cell, all monomer battery voltages are reached unanimity; When the voltage of each cell in battery pack reaches unanimity, stop balanced control.
In system of the present invention, described balancing control circuit comprises microprocessor and drive circuit, microprocessor is connected with testing circuit, drive circuit is connected with the power switch pipe of equalizing circuit, the drive pulse signal that drive circuit sends microcontroller circuit, after isolation, amplification and filtering, sends to equalizing circuit opening and disconnecting with the power ratio control switching tube.
In system of the present invention, this balancing control circuit also comprises the FPGA module, is connected between microprocessor and drive circuit, and microprocessor sends drive pulse signal by this FPGA module to drive circuit.
In system of the present invention, this system comprises a plurality of described battery pack, between battery pack, connect, if a plurality of battery pack are arranged, respectively the cell in each battery pack being carried out to equilibrium regulates, the voltage of controlling each cell reaches unanimity, and a plurality of battery pack is carried out to equilibrium simultaneously and regulate.
In system of the present invention, the corresponding cell of each inductance in described equalizing circuit, the pass between the inductance value of each inductance is to preset, identical the deriving of average isostatic electric current that specifically can reach according to each cell.
The present invention solves another technical scheme that its technical problem adopts:
A kind of balance control method based on average isostatic electric current fast uniform is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1, detect in real time the magnitude of voltage of cell in battery pack, be connected in series between cell;
The magnitude of voltage of S2, each cell of comparison, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value, the frequency of regulating respectively the power switch pipe corresponding with cell, the voltage of controlling each cell reaches unanimity;
When the voltage of S3, each cell in battery pack reaches unanimity, stop balanced control.
In method of the present invention, in step S2, if in a monomer battery voltage value and battery pack, the difference of voltage minimum is larger, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is lower; If the difference of a monomer battery voltage value and voltage minimum is less, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is higher, all monomer battery voltages is almost reached unanimity simultaneously, to improve balanced efficiency.
In method of the present invention, if a plurality of battery pack are arranged, respectively the cell in each battery pack is carried out to equilibrium and regulate, the voltage of controlling each cell reaches unanimity, and a plurality of battery pack is carried out to equilibrium simultaneously and regulate.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: the present invention is by comparing the magnitude of voltage of each cell, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value, regulate respectively the frequency of the power switch pipe corresponding with cell, control the euqalizing current of each cell, all monomer battery voltages are almost reached unanimity simultaneously.The present invention can derive by theory in advance, and the optimized circuit parameter makes to have the ability to reach identical maximum average isostatic electric current in the cell of diverse location, to improve balancing speed.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the battery balanced control system of the embodiment of the present invention based on maximum average isostatic electric current;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention equalizing circuit structural representation;
Fig. 3 A is that embodiment of the present invention euqalizing current flows to schematic diagram one;
Fig. 3 B is that embodiment of the present invention euqalizing current flows to schematic diagram two;
Fig. 4 is the balance control method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention based on average isostatic electric current fast uniform;
Fig. 5 is the control block diagram of embodiment of the present invention balancing control circuit.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the battery balanced control system of the embodiment of the present invention based on maximum average isostatic electric current comprises battery pack 10, testing circuit 20, equalizing circuit 30 and balancing control circuit 40.It is example that the battery pack 10 of the embodiment of the present invention be take the lithium battery that comprises four series connection.The design of the embodiment of the present invention is: using four joint serial lithium batteries as a battery pack, decentralized control type DC/DC converter, as the equalizing circuit of lithium battery group, is derived by theory, the optimized circuit parameter.Detect the voltage that respectively saves cell by testing circuit, detection signal is passed to balancing control circuit, and balancing control circuit, by certain control algolithm, sends corresponding driving pulse, the opening or turn-offing of control switch pipe, thus realize the equilibrium between lithium battery.
In the embodiment of the present invention:
Battery pack 10, comprise the cell of a plurality of series connection; As shown in Figure 2, battery pack 10 comprises cell B1, B2, B3 and the B4 of a plurality of series connection;
Testing circuit 20, be connected with battery pack 10, detects the magnitude of voltage of each cell during high-precision real;
Equalizing circuit 30, be connected with battery pack 10, shift for the energy between cell, comprise the power switch pipe corresponding with cell and inductance, the inductance value of each inductance is not identical, makes to have the ability to reach identical maximum average isostatic electric current in the cell of diverse location; As shown in Figure 2, comprise power switch pipe Q1, Q2, Q3, the Q4 corresponding with cell, inductance L 1, L2, L3, L4; The ratio of batteries monomer cell number and power demand switching tube, energy storage inductor quantity is 1:1:1.In order to prevent the inductance hysteresis & saturation, DC/DC converter (being equalizing circuit 30) works under discontinuous current mode.
As shown in Fig. 3 A and 3B, when switching tube Q1 opens, B1, Q1, L1 form closed-loop path, and the portion of energy in battery B1 is stored in inductance L 1; When switching tube turn-offs, L1, B2, B3, B4, D1 form closed-loop path, and the energy in inductance L 1 is transferred in battery B2, B3, B4.In like manner, the energy of battery B2 also can be transferred in battery B1, and the energy of battery B3 also can be transferred in B1, B2, and the energy of battery B4 also can be transferred in B1, B2, B3.Thereby realize the transfer of energy between lithium battery, final realization is balanced.
In embodiments of the invention, the corresponding cell of each inductance in described equalizing circuit 30, the pass between the inductance value of each inductance is to preset, identical the deriving of average isostatic electric current that specifically can reach according to each cell.In equalizing circuit 30, the inductance value of inductance can be by theoretical derivation in advance, to comprise n inductance L in equalizing circuit 30 nfor example, the inductive current expression formula is as follows:
i L n = V B n L n t , 0 &le; t < DT n V B n L n DT n - V off L n ( t - DT n ) , DT n &le; t < T er 0 , T er &le; t &le; T n
Wherein,
Figure BDA0000394891600000056
while meaning that switching tube is opened, inductance L nthe voltage at two ends; V offwhile meaning that switching tube disconnects, inductance L nthe voltage at two ends; T crbe illustrated in one-period internal inductance electric current and reduce to for zero the moment.When switching tube is opened, the inductance average current is designated as I n, on; When switching tube turn-offs, the inductance average current is designated as I n, off; The mean value of one-period internal inductance electric current is designated as I n, avg.
I n , on = 1 T n &Integral; 0 DT n V B n L n tdt = 1 T n * V B n 2 Ln * [ ( DT n ) 2 - 0 ] = V B n D 2 T n 2 Ln
I n , off = 1 T n &Integral; DT n T &prime; n &lsqb; V B n L N DT n - V off L n ( t - DT n &rsqb; ) dt = V B n D 2 T n 2 L n ( V B n V off ) = V B n D 2 T n 2 L n * ( N - 1 ) , n = 1 V B n D 2 T n 2 L n * ( n - 1 ) , n &NotEqual; 1
I n , avg = I n , on + I n , off = V B n D 2 T n 2 Ln * ( 1 + 1 N + 1 ) , n = 1 V B n D 2 T n 2 Ln * ( 1 + 1 n - 1 ) , n &NotEqual; 1
Assumed average euqalizing current I n, arg=3A, duty ratio D=0.37, f n=10kHz, N=4, the numerical computations of four inductance is as follows:
L 1 = 11.1 uH L 2 = 16.7 uH L 3 = 12.5 uH L 4 = 11.1 uH
Balancing control circuit 40, with testing circuit 20, with equalizing circuit 30, be connected, for comparing the magnitude of voltage of each cell, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value, regulate respectively the frequency of the power switch pipe corresponding with cell, control the euqalizing current of each cell, all monomer battery voltages are almost reached unanimity simultaneously; When the voltage of each cell in battery pack reaches unanimity, stop balanced control.
Described balancing control circuit comprises microprocessor 41(MCU) and drive circuit 42, microprocessor 41 is connected with testing circuit 20, drive circuit 42 is connected with the power switch pipe of equalizing circuit, the drive pulse signal that drive circuit sends microcontroller circuit is after isolation, amplification and filtering, send to equalizing circuit 30 opening and disconnecting, the realization equilibrium with the power ratio control switching tube.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in the time need to carrying out equilibrium control to a large amount of series batteries, need transmit control signal to roads up to a hundred drive circuit, realize that the equilibrium of a large amount of series batteries is controlled.In another embodiment of the present invention, utilize the advantage that the FPGA output interface is many, the speed of service is fast, increase the FPGA module in balancing control circuit 40, be connected between microprocessor 41 and drive circuit 42, microprocessor 41 sends drive pulse signal by this FPGA module to drive circuit.MCU is responsible for AD and transforms, and simple computation, communicate by letter with FPGA; FPGA receives the data from MCU, sends corresponding driving pulse.In the battery pack balancing system be composed in series by a large amount of lithium batteries, can send the driving pulse of similar number by the FPGA module, and the system that MCU controls separately is irrealizable.In the embodiment of the present invention, microprocessor 41 sends PFM(pulse frequency modulated Pulse Frequency Modulation by this FPGA module to drive circuit) control signal.The frequency of this PFM control signal changes with the input signal amplitude, and its duty ratio is constant.
Control algolithm of the present invention is completed by balancing control circuit 40, and the circuit diagram of take as Fig. 3 A and 3B is example, and as shown in Figure 5, according to the information of voltage obtained from testing circuit 20, relatively cell voltage, find out minimum value.Calculate the voltage difference of each cell voltage and minimum voltage, according to the size of voltage difference, look into frequency meter and (see the following form 1, be understandable that, for different equalizing circuits, its frequency meter set in advance is not identical), obtain corresponding frequency values, send corresponding pulse signal.Microprocessor 41(is single chip part) control strategy can adopt C language establishment, by the burned controller storage of jtag interface or in-chip FLASH; FPGA part control strategy can adopt hardware description language Verilog establishment, by the burned controller storage of jtag interface or in-chip FLASH.
Table 1 frequency meter
△V(v) F(kHz)
0.01～0.20 30
0.20～0.40 25
0.40～0.60 20
0.60～0.80 15
>0.80 10
If in a monomer battery voltage value and battery pack, the difference of voltage minimum is larger, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is lower; If the difference of a monomer battery voltage value and voltage minimum is less, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is higher, all monomer battery voltages is almost reached unanimity simultaneously, to improve balanced efficiency.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, if this system comprises a plurality of described battery pack, between battery pack, connect, equalizing circuit 30 is first regulated respectively the monomer battery voltage in each battery pack, carries out electric voltage equalization for a plurality of battery pack simultaneously.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corresponding equalizing circuit of each battery pack, also connect equalizing circuit, for the electric voltage equalization between battery pack between a plurality of battery pack.Be understandable that, when a plurality of equalizing circuit is arranged, these equalizing circuits can be integrated in a module.
The balance control method of the embodiment of the present invention based on average isostatic electric current fast uniform, realize by above-mentioned balance control system, as shown in Figure 4, comprises the following steps:
S401, detect in real time the magnitude of voltage of cell in battery pack, be connected in series between cell;
The magnitude of voltage of S402, each cell of comparison;
S403, judge that whether the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value;
S404, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value, regulate respectively the frequency of the power switch pipe corresponding with cell, control the euqalizing current of each cell, all monomer battery voltages are almost reached unanimity simultaneously; When the voltage of each cell in battery pack reaches unanimity, stop balanced control.
In step S402, if in a monomer battery voltage value and battery pack, the difference of voltage minimum is larger, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is lower; If the difference of a monomer battery voltage value and voltage minimum is less, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is higher, all monomer battery voltages is almost reached unanimity simultaneously, to improve balanced efficiency.
If a plurality of battery pack are arranged, at the cell in each battery pack, carry out, in balanced process of regulating, also a plurality of battery pack being carried out to equilibrium simultaneously and regulating.
The battery balanced control method based on the average isostatic electric current of the embodiment of the present invention detects the magnitude of voltage of cell in battery pack in real time by the high-accuracy voltage testing circuit, when surpassing threshold values with the difference of monomer battery voltage minimum, opens certain batteries magnitude of voltage balanced adjusting, control circuit is according to the frequency of the size adjustment corresponding power switching tube of described voltage difference, make the cell that difference is larger obtain larger average isostatic electric current, can make all battery cells in battery pack almost reach balanced simultaneously, balancing speed and efficiency have been improved, prevented the super-charge super-discharge harm that the inconsistency of cell is brought, extended the useful life of battery pack.
The present invention can realize that a large amount of series batteries are tending towards balanced fast, simultaneously, can be applied to the occasion of battery-operated motor cycle, electric automobile, hybrid vehicle energy-storage battery fast uniform.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection range of claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the battery balanced control system based on maximum average isostatic electric current, is characterized in that, comprising:
Battery pack, comprise the cell of a plurality of series connection;
Testing circuit, be connected with battery pack, detects in real time the magnitude of voltage of each cell;
Equalizing circuit, be connected with battery pack, shift for the energy between cell, comprise the power switch pipe corresponding with cell and inductance, the inductance value of each inductance is not identical, makes the cell in diverse location can reach identical maximum average isostatic electric current;
Balancing control circuit, with testing circuit, with equalizing circuit, be connected, for comparing the magnitude of voltage of each cell, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value, regulate respectively the frequency of the power switch pipe corresponding with cell, control the euqalizing current of each cell; When the voltage of each cell in battery pack reaches unanimity, stop balanced control.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described balancing control circuit comprises microprocessor and drive circuit, microprocessor is connected with testing circuit, drive circuit is connected with the power switch pipe of equalizing circuit, the drive pulse signal that drive circuit sends microcontroller circuit, after isolation, amplification and filtering, sends to equalizing circuit opening and disconnecting with the power ratio control switching tube.
3. system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, this balancing control circuit also comprises the FPGA module, is connected between microprocessor and drive circuit, and microprocessor sends drive pulse signal by this FPGA module to drive circuit.
4. system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, this system comprises a plurality of described battery pack, between battery pack, connect, if a plurality of battery pack are arranged, respectively the cell in each battery pack is carried out to equilibrium and regulate, the voltage of controlling each cell reaches unanimity, and a plurality of battery pack is carried out to equilibrium simultaneously and regulate.
5. system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the corresponding cell of each inductance in described equalizing circuit, pass between the inductance value of each inductance is to preset, identical the deriving of average isostatic electric current that specifically can reach according to each cell, to improve balancing speed.
6. the balance control method based on average isostatic electric current fast uniform, realize by the described balance control system of any one in claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, detect in real time the magnitude of voltage of cell in battery pack, be connected in series between cell;
The magnitude of voltage of S2, each cell of comparison, when the voltage difference of different monomers battery surpasses pre-set threshold value, the frequency of regulating respectively the power switch pipe corresponding with cell, the voltage of controlling each cell reaches unanimity;
When the voltage of S3, each cell in battery pack reaches unanimity, stop balanced control.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in step S2, if in a monomer battery voltage value and battery pack, the difference of voltage minimum is larger, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is lower; If the difference of a monomer battery voltage value and voltage minimum is less, the frequency of power switch pipe of controlling this cell is higher, all monomer battery voltages is almost reached unanimity simultaneously, to improve balanced efficiency.
8. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, if a plurality of battery pack are arranged, respectively the cell in each battery pack carried out to equilibrium and regulate, and the voltage of controlling each cell reaches unanimity, and a plurality of battery pack is carried out to equilibrium simultaneously and regulate.
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CN106571649A (en) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-19 华为技术有限公司 Equalizing current adjusting method and related apparatus
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CN111584958A (en) * 2020-05-14 2020-08-25 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Hybrid battery system for vehicle and control method
CN112886666A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-01 重庆大学 Distributed active equalization method suitable for cascaded lithium battery pack

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CN104124480A (en) * 2014-07-18 2014-10-29 刘仲尧 Method and system for balancing voltages of battery cells
CN104124480B (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-04-05 刘仲尧 A kind of method and system of balance battery core voltage
CN104917224A (en) * 2015-03-31 2015-09-16 华南理工大学 Two-stage equalizing device of battery pack and control method thereof
CN105244554A (en) * 2015-06-30 2016-01-13 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 Determining method for equalizing current value matched with power battery system
CN105244554B (en) * 2015-06-30 2019-07-05 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 It is a kind of to determine method with the matched euqalizing current value of electrokinetic cell system
CN106571649B (en) * 2015-10-09 2019-06-28 华为技术有限公司 A kind of euqalizing current adjusting method and relevant apparatus
CN106571649A (en) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-19 华为技术有限公司 Equalizing current adjusting method and related apparatus
US10581254B2 (en) 2015-10-09 2020-03-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Equalization current adjustment method and related apparatus
CN105576769A (en) * 2016-02-26 2016-05-11 苏州碧欧新能源科技有限公司 Device for carrying out independent voltage rising and falling adjustment on series battery monomer
CN106712168B (en) * 2016-12-14 2023-08-18 华南理工大学 Parallel battery pack bidirectional lossless equalization circuit based on inductance energy storage
CN106712168A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-24 华南理工大学 Parallel battery pack two-way lossless equalization circuit based on inductance energy storage
CN107565633A (en) * 2017-09-11 2018-01-09 上海汇瑞半导体科技有限公司 A kind of euqalizing current control circuit, battery circuit and control method
CN109980306A (en) * 2019-03-14 2019-07-05 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 The optimization method of battery modules consistency
CN110901472A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-03-24 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 Battery management system balancing capability matching method and device and computer equipment
CN111584958A (en) * 2020-05-14 2020-08-25 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Hybrid battery system for vehicle and control method
CN111540965B (en) * 2020-05-18 2021-10-08 上海采日能源科技有限公司 Battery voltage balancing method and device and battery management system
CN111540965A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-08-14 上海采日能源科技有限公司 Battery voltage balancing method and device and battery management system
CN112886666A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-01 重庆大学 Distributed active equalization method suitable for cascaded lithium battery pack
CN112886666B (en) * 2021-02-08 2022-11-29 重庆大学 Distributed active equalization method suitable for cascaded lithium battery pack

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