CN103499404A - Measuring device and measuring method for alternating stress of ferromagnetic component - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method for alternating stress of ferromagnetic component Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method for alternating stress of a ferromagnetic component, is used for measuring the stress direction and the stress intensity of the ferromagnetic component, and belongs to the field of nondestructive measuring technologies and devices. The measuring device comprises a signal excitation module, an excitation probe, a detecting coil, a signal conditioning module, a signal acquisition module and a computer signal processing analysis module. The measuring device and the measuring method disclosed by the invention have the substantial characteristics that a to-be-detected component is magnetized by utilizing a U-shaped probe with an alternating signal, so that stress area is enough in secondary induced magnetic field, and then, an induced magnetic field of representing stress information is picked up by the detecting coil, and therefore, the goal of identifying the stress is achieved. According to the measuring method, by utilizing a set of detecting systems, not only can the stress degree of the surface and the near surface of the ferromagnetic component be evaluated but also the major stress direction in the component can be determined. The measuring device and the measuring method for the alternating stress of the ferromagnetic component are wider in application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
Ferromagnetic component is widely used in the industries such as Aero-Space, electric power, railway, pressure vessel, at its region of stress concentration material structure, dislocation, slippage or distortion easily occur, impel the early defects such as member creep, fatigue, corrosion to worsen, even develop into the gross imperfections such as crackle, cause component damage, therefore the detection tool of ferromagnetic component stress had very important significance.
At present, being applied to loseless method that ferromagnetic component stress detects has multiplely, and wherein X-ray diffraction method is more responsive to material surface state stress, is suitable for measuring the member with larger unrelieved stress, and its deficiency is that measuring accuracy is poor, and sensitivity is lower.Supercritical ultrasonics technology, as a kind of conventional method of defects detection, has the larger detection degree of depth, however because the velocity of wave variation is faint, and affected by institutional framework, counter stress initial stage (elastic stage) accuracy of detection is not high, is difficult to its quantitative and qualitative analysis.Detection method of eddy is contact member not, and detection speed is high, but it is many to affect the eddy current factor, easily fails to judge or judges by accident.The impulse eddy current detection method also can be measured the stress state of conductive material, can affect its factor of estimating stress more.The magnetic mnemonics is a kind of lossless detection method of applying the ferromagnetic material early diagnosis, but the rule that contacts of evaluation index and stress also need be still to be tested in engineering practice.Therefore, invent and a kind of ferromagnetic component stress is had than the method for high detection sensitivity and just seems particularly important.
Alterante stress mensuration based on electromagnetic induction principle is a kind of Novel lossless mensuration, its measuring principle is that alternating signal effect incentive probe produces magnetic field magnetisation stand under load member, produce the plane cylinder field in member, the secondary magnetic field that sensor picks up stand under load component stress zone changes, obtain the component of induced field different directions, and frequency range is wider, counter stress is concentrated higher evaluation precision.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof, it has advantages of that detection speed is fast, precision is high and realizes non-contact detecting.
The present invention realizes like this, a kind of ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism, it comprises incentive probe, magnetic test coil, signal stimulating module, signal condition module, signal acquisition module and Computer signal Treatment Analysis module, it is characterized in that, the signal stimulating module is connected to the top of incentive probe, under incentive probe, be magnetic test coil, magnetic test coil connects the signal condition module, between signal condition module and Computer signal Treatment Analysis module, is connected with signal acquisition module.Described signal stimulating module is that drive coil is wound on U-shaped ferrite formation, and its excitation frequency is at 1～5KHz, and the wire diameter of drive coil is 1～2mm, the number of turn 100～300 circles.Described incentive probe is that solid matter coil winding magnetic core forms, and the wire diameter of solid matter coil is 0.03mm, and the number of turn is the 200-400 circle.The surface of described solid matter coil axis and member to be detected is arranged in parallel, and is parallel to U-shaped ferrite bipod line direction.
Described detection method comprises the steps:
(1) apply the generation of signal stimulating module and there is sinusoidal wave alternating voltage certain power stage and that frequency is adjustable, sinusoidal wave alternating signal applies excitation to drive coil, the detected member of magnetization, produce the vortex field parallel with component surface in its effective coverage, vortex field induces secondary magnetic field again, and captured by magnetic test coil, its induced voltage is changed;
(2) the incentive probe that will apply the measurement mechanism of alternating signal is placed in tested member or the unstressed zone of control sample, pick up induced field by magnetic test coil induced voltage signal is provided, and transmit by signal condition module and signal acquisition module, storage and analysis in Computer signal Treatment Analysis module, and note reference value V
1;
(3) mobile magnetic test coil is to the tested zone of member, because the existence of tested regional stress has changed distribution and the size of magnetic permeability, make the induced voltage of magnetic test coil change, counter stress carries out discrimination and evaluation, send into Computer signal Treatment Analysis module storage through analog to digital conversion, be designated as V
2;
(4) the rotation excitation probe, obtain V
1-V
2maximal value, Computer signal Treatment Analysis module is carried out Treatment Analysis to it, establishes principal direction of stress and the stress intensity in the tested zone of member.
Technique effect of the present invention is: the ferromagnetic component alterante stress measuring method utilization that the present invention proposes passes to the tested member of " U " type probe magnetization of alternating signal, make stress area that enough secondary induced fields be arranged, then pick up by magnetic test coil the induced field that characterizes stress information, thereby reach the purpose of stress identification; The method utilizes a set of detection system not only can assess the stress levels on ferromagnetic component surface and nearly surface, also can determine the principal direction of stress in member, has more wide application background.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method measurement mechanism general structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of incentive probe of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that rotation excitation probe of the present invention is determined principal direction of stress.
Incentive probe 2, magnetic test coil 3, member 4, signal stimulating module 5, signal condition module 6, signal acquisition module 7, Computer signal Treatment Analysis module 8, index dial in the drawings, 1.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the inventive method detects principle as shown in Figure 1: the tested member 3 of incentive probe 1 magnetization, and produce the uniform induction electric current on member 3 surfaces, and when unstressed in member 3, its surface induction electric current Uniform Flow; If member 3 surfaces or nearly surface have stress to exist, distribution and difference in size due to member 3 magnetic permeabilities, induction current is disturbed at stress area, thereby cause that member 3 surface electrical magnetic fields change, detection probe 2 is picked up stress area top induced field, by signal condition and analysis, can obtain stress information.
As shown in Fig. 2～3, ferromagnetic component alterante stress of the present invention Department of Survey apparatus and method, comprise the steps:
(1) use signal stimulating module 4 to produce sinusoidal wave alternating voltage, and have certain exciting power, excitation frequency is between 1～5KHz.Drive coil is wound on " U " type ferrite, the wire diameter of coil is 1～2mm, the number of turn is chosen between 100～300 circles, sinusoidal wave alternating signal applies excitation to drive coil, the detected member 3 of magnetization, produce the vortex field parallel with member 3 surfaces in its effective coverage, vortex field induces secondary magnetic field again, and captured by magnetic test coil 2, its induced voltage is changed;
(2) utilize the solid matter coil be wound on magnetic core as detection probe, the wire diameter of coil is 0.03mm, the number of turn is the 200-400 circle, the axis of solid matter coil and member 3 surfaces are arranged in parallel, and be parallel to " U " type ferrite bipod line direction, in order to extract the induced field horizontal component of tested member.Alterante stress mensuration system probe is placed in to tested member 3 or the unstressed zone of control sample, picked up the horizontal component of induced field by magnetic test coil 2, and transmit by signal condition module 5 and signal acquisition module 6, storage and analysis in Computer signal Treatment Analysis module 7, and note reference value V
1;
(3) mobile detection probe is to the tested zone of member 3, because the existence of tested regional stress has changed distribution and the size of magnetic permeability, make the induced voltage of magnetic test coil 2 change, can carry out discrimination and evaluation by counter stress, send into Computer signal Treatment Analysis module 7 storage through signal acquisition module 6, be designated as V
2;
(4) at the measurement point rotation sensor, obtain V
1-V
2maximal value, for guaranteeing that measurement point is identical, make a circular scale 8 according to probe size, probe placement is rotated in it, after determining maximum value position, Computer signal Treatment Analysis module 7 can be established principal direction of stress and the stress intensity in the tested zone of member.
The inventive method pick-up unit as shown in Figure 1, mainly comprises signal stimulating module 4, incentive probe 1, magnetic test coil 2, signal condition module 5, signal acquisition module 6, Computer signal Treatment Analysis module 7.The specific works process is: signal stimulating module 4 produces sinusoidal ac signal and drives incentive probe 1, incentive probe 1 produces the alternating magnetic field magnetical component of higher-strength, produce the uniform induction electric current in member, the uniform induction electric current will produce disturbance by stress area and cause changes of magnetic field, magnetic test coil 2 picks up disturbed magnetic field just can obtain the variable quantity of this regional magnetic field, but the detection signal obtained is fainter and contain a lot of clutters, therefore need to amplify through signal condition module 5, detection, filtering and the conditioning of amplifying again, signal after conditioning enters Computer signal Treatment Analysis module 7 by signal acquisition module 6, in conjunction with the detection curve obtained and data can analyze stress levels and and voltage change between rule.
As shown in Figure 2, incentive probe of the present invention is that 1～2mm enameled wire is wrapped in " U " type manganese-zinc ferrite surface formation by diameter, and the number of turn is 100～300.The enameled wire that detection probe is 0.03mm by diameter is wrapped on magnetic core to be made, and the number of turn is 200～400, and the axis of coil is parallel with member 3 surfaces, and is parallel to " U " type ferrite bipod line direction, in order to extract stress area induced field horizontal component.
As shown in Figure 3, in order to obtain the testing result of same point, need fix a circular scale 8 in measured zone.Demarcate different angles on index dial 8, during detection, probe placement rotation in dish can be obtained to the measuring voltage value of different angles.
Claims (5)
1. a ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism, it comprises incentive probe, magnetic test coil, signal stimulating module, signal condition module, signal acquisition module and Computer signal Treatment Analysis module, it is characterized in that, the signal stimulating module is connected to the top of incentive probe, it under incentive probe, is magnetic test coil, magnetic test coil connects the signal condition module, between signal condition module and Computer signal Treatment Analysis module, is connected with signal acquisition module.
2. a kind of ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described signal stimulating module is that drive coil is wound on U-shaped ferrite formation, and its excitation frequency is at 1～5KHz, the wire diameter of drive coil is 1～2mm, the number of turn 100～300 circles.
3. a kind of ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described incentive probe is that solid matter coil winding magnetic core forms, and the wire diameter of solid matter coil is 0.03mm, and the number of turn is the 200-400 circle.
4. a kind of ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the surface of described solid matter coil axis and member to be detected is arranged in parallel, and be parallel to U-shaped ferrite bipod line direction.
5. the detection method of a ferromagnetic component alterante stress measurement mechanism, is characterized in that, described detection method comprises the steps:
(1) apply the generation of signal stimulating module and there is sinusoidal wave alternating voltage certain power stage and that frequency is adjustable, sinusoidal wave alternating signal applies excitation to drive coil, the detected member of magnetization, produce the vortex field parallel with component surface in its effective coverage, vortex field induces secondary magnetic field again, and captured by magnetic test coil, its induced voltage is changed;
(2) the incentive probe that will apply the measurement mechanism of alternating signal is placed in tested member or the unstressed zone of control sample, pick up induced field by magnetic test coil induced voltage signal is provided, and transmit by signal condition module and signal acquisition module, storage and analysis in Computer signal Treatment Analysis module, and note reference value V
1;
(3) mobile magnetic test coil is to the tested zone of member, because the existence of tested regional stress has changed distribution and the size of magnetic permeability, make the induced voltage of magnetic test coil change, counter stress carries out discrimination and evaluation, send into Computer signal Treatment Analysis module storage through analog to digital conversion, be designated as V
2;
(4) the rotation excitation probe, obtain
maximal value, Computer signal Treatment Analysis module is carried out Treatment Analysis to it, establishes principal direction of stress and the stress intensity in the tested zone of member.
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| CN103994843A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-20 | 西安交通大学 | Aviation aluminum alloy component residual stress detecting and evaluating system and method |
| CN104062043A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-24 | 南昌航空大学 | Magnetoelastic cable force sensor capable of measuring in sliding mode in circumferential direction and measuring system thereof |
| CN104296984A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-21 | 国家电网公司 | Mechanical failure detecting method and device for large-scale generator stator winding end |
| CN104614672A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-13 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司调峰调频发电公司 | Method and device for offline testing mechanical fault of pumped-storage power generation motor rotor |
| CN105203629A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-30 | 三峡大学 | Magnetic detection method of stress concentration region and microcrack on surface of magnetic metal component |
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| CN105890826A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-24 | 北京工业大学 | Steel blade residual stress micro-magnetic nondestructive testing method and steel blade residual stress micro-magnetic nondestructive testing device based on incremental permeability |
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| CN106768504A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | The detecting system of material principal stress, detection sensor and detection method |
| CN107615418A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-01-19 | 日立金属株式会社 | The manufacture method of the analytic method of sintered anisotropic magnet and the sintered anisotropic magnet of use this method |
| CN108151923A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-06-12 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of novel stress oriented detection system |
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| CN116147808A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-05-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | In-situ detection device and detection method for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic component |
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